JAVA中的UDP通信

概念：用户数据报传输协议

特点：传输数据量小（64K），不一定传输成功，没有明确的客户端与服务端的概念，数据不会通过输入输出流传输，而是会通过打包成数据报,，再传输入通道

DatagramSocket

一 、构造方法

（1）DatagramSocket()
绑定到本地地址和一个随机的端口号

（2）DatagramSocket(int port)
绑定本地地址和一个特定的端口号

（3）DatagramSocket(int port, InetAddress iad)
绑定到特定的端口号及指定地址

（4）DatagramSocket(SocketAddress sad)
绑定指定地址和随机端口号

二、基本方法

（1）close()
关闭套接字

（2）recevie(DatagramPacket dp)
接受数据报

（3）send(DatagramPacket dp)
发送数据报

DatagramPacket

一、接受类型

（1）DatagramPacket(byte[] buf, int length)
用来接受长度为length的buf数据(即数据存于字节数组buf中)

二、发送类型

（1）DatagramPacket(byte[] buf, int length, InetAddress address, int port)
将length长的buf数据发送到指定的地址的端口号处

（2）DatagramPacket(byte[] buf, int length, SocketAddress address)
将length长的buf数据发送到指定的套接字地址处

以下多线程下UDP通信代码示例

发送类：

package com.example.demo.chat;

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.net.SocketException;

public class TalkSend implements Runnable {

    DatagramSocket datagramSocket =null;
    BufferedReader bufferedReader =null;

    private int fromPort;
    private String toIP;
    private int toPort;


    public TalkSend(int fromPort,String toIP,int toPort){
        this.fromPort=fromPort;
        this.toIP=toIP;
        this.toPort=toPort;

        try {
            datagramSocket = new DatagramSocket(this.fromPort);
            bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
        } catch (SocketException e) {
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        try {
        //控制台读取数据
        while (true){
            String data = bufferedReader.readLine();
            byte[] bytes = data.getBytes();
            DatagramPacket datagramPacket = new DatagramPacket(bytes,0,bytes.length,new InetSocketAddress(this.toIP,this.toPort));
            datagramSocket.send(datagramPacket);
        }
        } catch (SocketException e) {
            throw new RuntimeException("发送错误");
        } catch (IOException e) {
            throw new RuntimeException("信息读取错误");
        }
    }
}

接受类：

package com.example.demo.chat;


import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.SocketException;

public class TalkReceive implements Runnable {

    DatagramSocket datagramSocket =null;

    private int formPort;
    private String user;


    public TalkReceive(int formPort,String user){
        this.formPort=formPort;
        this.user=user;

        try {
            datagramSocket=new DatagramSocket(this.formPort);
        } catch (SocketException e) {
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {

        while (true){
            try {
            byte[] bytes = new byte[1024];
            DatagramPacket datagramPacket = new DatagramPacket(bytes, 0, bytes.length);
            datagramSocket.receive(datagramPacket);
            byte[] data = datagramPacket.getData();
            String s = new String(data, 0, datagramPacket.getLength());
            System.out.println(this.user+":"+s.trim());
            if (s.contains("bye")){
                break;
            }
            } catch (IOException e) {
                throw new RuntimeException(e);
            }
        }
        datagramSocket.close();
    }
}

以下定义两个用户：

老师：

package com.example.demo.chat;

public class TalkTeacher {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new Thread(new TalkSend(5555,"localhost",8888)).start();
        new Thread(new TalkReceive(7777,"学生")).start();
    }
}

学生：

package com.example.demo.chat;

public class TalkStudent {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new Thread(new TalkSend(6666,"localhost",7777)).start();
        new Thread(new TalkReceive(8888,"老师")).start();
    }
}

以上测试均为控制台输入；

完结撒花！