[Leetcode]Two Sum II - Input array is sorted

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本文介绍了一种在已排序数组中寻找两个数使它们的和等于特定目标值的算法。该算法通过两种方法实现：一种是查找目标值或大于目标值的数，然后进行遍历比较；另一种是使用双指针技术从两端逼近，直至找到符合条件的数对。

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Given an array of integers that is already sorted in ascending order, find two numbers such that they add up to a specific target number.

The function twoSum should return indices of the two numbers such that they add up to the target, where index1 must be less than index2. Please note that your returned answers (both index1 and index2) are not zero-based.

You may assume that each input would have exactly one solution.

Input: numbers={2, 7, 11, 15}, target=9

Output: index1=1, index2=2

同之前的two sum题类似，用C的话少不了遍历，但是对于有序表来说可以缩短时间；

思路：

1.先找到第一个大于TARGET的数，或者找到target本身，记录其INDEX

2.采用TWO SUM顺序遍历的方法计算和是否等于TARGET

3.注意INDEX是以非零开始的

int* twoSum(int* numbers, int numbersSize, int target, int* returnSize) {
    if(numbers == NULL || numbersSize <= 1){
    	*returnSize = 0;
    	return NULL;
    }
    
    int left, mid, right;
    int *retArray = NULL;
    
    left = 0;
    right = numbersSize - 1;
    
    while(left < right){
    	mid = (right + left )/2;
    	
    	if(numbers[mid] == target){
    		left = mid;
	    	break;
	    }
    	
    	if(numbers[mid] > target){
	    	right = mid;
	    }
	    else{
    		left = mid + 1;
    	}
    }

    int i, j;
    for(i = 0; i < left; i++){
    	for(j = i + 1; j <= left; j ++){
   	 		if((numbers[i] + numbers[j]) == target){
	    		goto out;
	    	}
    	}
    }
 
 err:
	*returnSize = 0;
	return NULL;
	
 out:   
 
    retArray = malloc(sizeof(int) * 2);
    if(retArray == NULL){
    	*returnSize = 0;
    	return NULL;	
    }

	retArray[0] = i + 1;
	retArray[1] = j + 1;
	*returnSize = 2;
	
	return retArray;
}

2.使用两个指针

int* twoSum(int* numbers, int numbersSize, int target, int* returnSize) {
     int *retArray = NULL;
    
	if(numbers == NULL || numbersSize <= 0){
    	*returnSize = 0;
    	return NULL;
    }
    
    int i, j, tmp;
    
    i = 0;
    j = numbersSize - 1;
    
    while(i < j){
    	tmp = numbers[i] + numbers[j];
    	
    	if(tmp < target){
	    	i ++;
	    }
	    else if(tmp > target){
    		j --;	
    	}
    	else{
	    	goto out;	
	    }
    }
    
out:   
 
    retArray = malloc(sizeof(int) * 2);
    if(retArray == NULL){
    	*returnSize = 0;
    	return NULL;	
    }

	retArray[0] = i + 1;
	retArray[1] = j + 1;
	*returnSize = 2;
	
	return retArray;   
    
}