MVC流程详解：从列表展示到伪静态实现-CSDN博客

本文详细介绍了MVC模式在Java中的应用，包括前后台交互流程、HTML模板展示及伪静态页面的实现。通过实例展示了如何使用Model-View-Controller设计思想构建动态网站并提升用户体验。

摘要生成于 C知道，由 DeepSeek-R1 满血版支持，前往体验 >

MVC流程

MVC , 一种常见的设计方法。M: Model, 数据； V: View, 显示； C: Controller, 控制。简单地说，Model负责提供数据，而View负责数据的显示。

例子：以MVC的方式来显示列表数据

列表页模板html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
	<head>
		<meta charset="utf-8">
		<title>古诗文网</title>
		<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="./css/common.css"/>
	</head>
	<body>
		<div class="main">
			<div>
				<p>精选系列</p>
			</div>
			
			<#list poem as p>
				<div class="item" onclick="window.open('view.do?id=${p.id}','_self')">
					${p.title}
				</div>
			</#list>

		</div>
	</body>
</html>

后台流程：新建 IndexPage 类，映射URL为 /index.do ，在doGet() 里，取得数据，存到model里，将model交付给显示，利用 freemarker，将model里的数据显示在网页中。至此，Model 和 View 分离。 http://127.0.0.1:8080/demo/index.do

@WebServlet("/index.do")
public class IndexPage extends HttpServlet
{
	protected Configuration frmkConfig;

	@Override
	public void init() throws ServletException
	{
		// 取得APP所在目录
		File appRoot = new File(getServletContext().getRealPath("/"));

		try
		{
			// 初始化FreeMarker ( 模板库 )
			frmkConfig = new Configuration(Configuration.VERSION_2_3_28);
			frmkConfig.setDirectoryForTemplateLoading(appRoot); // 指定模板根目录
			frmkConfig.setDefaultEncoding("UTF-8");
			frmkConfig.setTemplateExceptionHandler(TemplateExceptionHandler.RETHROW_HANDLER);
			frmkConfig.setLogTemplateExceptions(false);
		} catch (Exception e)
		{
		}
	}

	protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException
	{
		Map<String, Object> model = new HashMap<String, Object>();
		try (SqlSession sqlSession = db.MyBatis.sqlSessionFactory.openSession())
		{
			List<Map> rows = sqlSession.selectList("ls.test.getTitleList");
			model.put("poem", rows);
		}

		String view = "index.html";

		Template tp = null;
		try
		{
			tp = frmkConfig.getTemplate(view);
		} catch (TemplateNotFoundException e)
		{
			response.sendError(404, "Cannot find view:" + view);
			return;
		}

		// 处理并返回应答
		response.setContentType("text/html");
		response.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
		Writer writer = response.getWriter();

		try
		{
			tp.process(model, writer);// 输出给客户端
		} catch (TemplateException e)
		{
			e.printStackTrace();
			response.sendError(500, e.getMessage());
		} finally
		{
			writer.close();
		}

	}

	protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException
	{
		doGet(request, response);
	}

}

详情页模板html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
	<head>
		<meta charset="utf-8">
		<title>${poem.title}-详情</title>
		<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="./css/common.css"/>
	</head>
	<body>
		<div class="main">
			 <div>标题：${poem.title}</div>
			 <div>作者：${poem.author}</div>
			 <div>朝代：${poem.dynasty}</div>
			 <div>内容：${poem.content}</div>
		</div>
	</body>
</html>

后台支持 http://127.0.0.1:8080/view.do?id=2

@WebServlet("/view.do")
public class ViewPage extends HttpServlet
{
	protected Configuration frmkConfig;

	@Override
	public void init() throws ServletException
	{
		// 取得APP所在目录
		File appRoot = new File(getServletContext().getRealPath("/"));

		try
		{
			// 初始化FreeMarker ( 模板库 )
			frmkConfig = new Configuration(Configuration.VERSION_2_3_28);
			frmkConfig.setDirectoryForTemplateLoading(appRoot); // 指定模板根目录
			frmkConfig.setDefaultEncoding("UTF-8");
			frmkConfig.setTemplateExceptionHandler(TemplateExceptionHandler.RETHROW_HANDLER);
			frmkConfig.setLogTemplateExceptions(false);
		} catch (Exception e)
		{
		}
	}

	protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException
	{
		int id = Integer.valueOf(request.getParameter("id"));
		Poem poem = null;
		Map<String, Object> model = new HashMap<String, Object>();
		try (SqlSession sqlSession = db.MyBatis.sqlSessionFactory.openSession())
		{
			poem = sqlSession.selectOne("ls.test.getContent", id);
			model.put("poem", poem);
		}

		String view = "/view.html";

		Template tp = null;
		try
		{
			tp = frmkConfig.getTemplate(view);
		} catch (TemplateNotFoundException e)
		{
			response.sendError(404, "Cannot find view:" + view);
			return;
		}

		// 处理并返回应答
		response.setContentType("text/html");
		response.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
		Writer writer = response.getWriter();

		try
		{
			tp.process(model, writer);// 输出给客户端
		} catch (TemplateException e)
		{
			e.printStackTrace();
			response.sendError(500, e.getMessage());
		} finally
		{
			writer.close();
		}

	}

	protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException
	{
		doGet(request, response);
	}

}

比较 IndexPage 和 ViewPage ，每个 MVC 流程的实现基本相同，除了 view 和 model 还有 url 的不一样。也可以发现，MVC模式下 html 比 REST 好写的多。

MVC与REST对比

REST方式下，请求两次。

MVC方式下请求一次，由后台处理数据、并生成页面返回到浏览器。浏览器并不知道后台做了这么多事情，在它看来，它只是收到了HTML内容。

MVC与伪静态

伪静态：看url像是静态页面，实则由Servlet生成的页面。做成伪静态页面的目的，一般是为了可以被搜索引擎收录。

使用 MVC 生成伪静态页面 http://127.0.0.1:8080/poem/2.html

比较

http://127.0.0.1:8080/view.do?id=2 之前的代码使用这一种方式，下面我们使用伪静态来实现这个页面，让它看起来像一个静态页面。

@WebServlet("/poem/*")
public class ViewPage2 extends HttpServlet
{
	protected Configuration frmkConfig;

	@Override
	public void init() throws ServletException
	{
		// 取得APP所在目录
		File appRoot = new File(getServletContext().getRealPath("/"));

		try
		{
			// 初始化FreeMarker ( 模板库 )
			frmkConfig = new Configuration(Configuration.VERSION_2_3_28);
			frmkConfig.setDirectoryForTemplateLoading(appRoot); // 指定模板根目录
			frmkConfig.setDefaultEncoding("UTF-8");
			frmkConfig.setTemplateExceptionHandler(TemplateExceptionHandler.RETHROW_HANDLER);
			frmkConfig.setLogTemplateExceptions(false);
		} catch (Exception e)
		{
		}
	}

	protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException
	{
		// int id=Integer.valueOf(request.getParameter("id"));
		String contextPath = request.getServletContext().getContextPath();
		String requestUri = request.getRequestURI();
		String servletPath = requestUri.substring(contextPath.length());

		System.out.println("contextPath:" + contextPath);// /demo
		System.out.println("requestUri:" + requestUri);// /demo/poem/2.html
		System.out.println("servletPath:" + servletPath);// /poem/2.html

		// String servletPath2=request.getServletPath();// /poem
		int p1 = servletPath.lastIndexOf('/');
		int p2 = servletPath.lastIndexOf('.');
		int id = Integer.valueOf(servletPath.substring(p1 + 1, p2));
		System.out.println("id:" + id);

		Poem poem = null;
		Map<String, Object> model = new HashMap<String, Object>();
		try (SqlSession sqlSession = db.MyBatis.sqlSessionFactory.openSession())
		{
			poem = sqlSession.selectOne("ls.test.getContent", id);
			model.put("poem", poem);
		}

		String view = "/poem/view.html";
		Template tp = null;
		try
		{
			tp = frmkConfig.getTemplate(view);
		} catch (TemplateNotFoundException e)
		{
			response.sendError(404, "Cannot find view:" + view);
			return;
		}

		// 处理并返回应答
		response.setContentType("text/html");
		response.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
		Writer writer = response.getWriter();

		try
		{
			tp.process(model, writer);// 输出给客户端
		} catch (TemplateException e)
		{
			e.printStackTrace();
			response.sendError(500, e.getMessage());
		} finally
		{
			writer.close();
		}
	}

	protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException
	{
		doGet(request, response);
	}
}