pySerial -- Python的串口通讯模块

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本文介绍了pySerial模块，它用于封装串口通讯功能，在多种操作系统上提供一致的接口。支持Linux、Windows及BSD等系统，并兼容Jython和IconPython。文章详细讲解了其安装方式、常用方法及属性设置等内容。

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pySerial

介绍

封装了串口通讯模块，支持Linux、Windows、BSD(可能支持所有支持POSIX的操作系统)，支持Jython(Java)和IconPython(.NET and Mono).

首页 http://pyserial.sf.net/

特性

所有平台使用同样的类接口
端口号默认从0开始，程序中不需要知道端口名称
像文件读写一样的API，read、write（readline等也受支持）
所有程序全由Python完成，除了标准库外不依赖其他包，除了pywin32(windows)、JavaComm(Jython). POSIX(Linux, BSD) 只依赖Python标准库。

依赖环境

Python2.2或更新版本
windows 上的 pywin32扩展
Java/Jython上的 "Java Communications" (JavaComm)或者兼容包

安装

pip/easy_install

pip install pyserial 

easy_install pyserial

windows

下载地址： http://sourceforge.net/project/showfiles.php?group_id=46487

快速上手

Open port 0 at "9600,8,N,1", no timeout

>>> import serial  
>>> ser = serial.Serial(0)  # open first serial port  
>>> print ser.portstr       # check which port was really used  
>>> ser.write("hello")      # write a string  
>>> ser.close()             # close port

Open named port at "19200,8,N,1", 1s timeout

>>> ser = serial.Serial('/dev/ttyS1', 19200, timeout=1)  
>>> x = ser.read()          # read one byte  
>>> s = ser.read(10)        # read up to ten bytes (timeout)  
>>> line = ser.readline()   # read a '/n' terminated line  
>>> ser.close()

Open second port at "38400,8,E,1", non blocking HW handshaking

>>> ser = serial.Serial(1, 38400, timeout=0,  
...                     parity=serial.PARITY_EVEN, rtscts=1)  
>>> s = ser.read(100)       # read up to one hundred bytes  
...                         # or as much is in the buffer

Get a Serial instance and configure/open it later

>>> ser = serial.Serial()  
>>> ser.baudrate = 19200  
>>> ser.port = 0  
>>> ser  
Serial<id=0xa81c10, open=False>(port='COM1', baudrate=19200, bytesize=8, parity='N', stopbits=1, timeout=None, xonxoff=0, rtscts=0)  
>>> ser.open()  
>>> ser.isOpen()  
True  
>>> ser.close()  
>>> ser.isOpen()  
False

如果给定端口，端口将在创建对象之后立即打开，如果没有给定端口，可选timeout参数

timeout=None            # wait forever  
timeout=0               # non-blocking mode (return immediately on read)  
timeout=x               # set timeout to x seconds (float allowed)

Serial实例的可用方法

open()                  # 打开端口
close()                 # 立即关闭端口  
setBaudrate(baudrate)   # change baud rate on an open port  
inWaiting()             # return the number of chars in the receive buffer  
read(size=1)            # read "size" characters  
write(s)                # 把字符串s写到该端口  
flushInput()            # 清除输入缓存区，放弃所有内容
flushOutput()           # 清除输出缓冲区，放弃输出  
sendBreak()             # 发送中断条件  
setRTS(level=1)         # set RTS line to specified logic level  
setDTR(level=1)         # set DTR line to specified logic level  
getCTS()                # return the state of the CTS line  
getDSR()                # return the state of the DSR line  
getRI()                 # return the state of the RI line  
getCD()                 # return the state of the CD line

Serial实例的属性

只读

portstr                 # 设备名称  
BAUDRATES               # list of valid baudrates  
BYTESIZES               # list of valid byte sizes  
PARITIES                # list of valid parities  
STOPBITS                # list of valid stop bit widths

下面属性值被更改后端口会重新配置，即使端口已经打开

port                    # port name/number as set by the user  
baudrate                # current baud rate setting  
bytesize                # byte size in bits  
parity                  # parity setting  
stopbits                # stop bit with (1,2)  
timeout                 # timeout setting  
xonxoff                 # if Xon/Xoff flow control is enabled  
rtscts                  # if hardware flow control is enabled

异常

serial.SerialException

常量

parity:

serial.PARITY_NONE  
serial.PARITY_EVEN  
serial.PARITY_ODD

stopbits

serial.STOPBITS_ONE  
al.STOPBITS_TWO

bytesize:

serial.FIVEBITS  
serial.SIXBITS  
serial.SEVENBITS  
serial.EIGHTBITS

翻译(有删减)仅供参考

原文地址：http://blog.csdn.net/dainiao01/article/details/5885122
官方文档：http://pyserial.sf.net/