Objective-c SEL & Class IMP

最新推荐文章于 2025-08-06 19:30:33 发布

转载最新推荐文章于 2025-08-06 19:30:33 发布 · 4.8k 阅读

文章标签：

#class #interface #function #cocoa #c# #测试

Iphone 专栏收录该内容

1 篇文章

订阅专栏

本文详细介绍了Objective-C中的Class类型、Selector与函数指针的概念与应用，通过实例展示了如何使用这些特性进行灵活的对象操作与方法调用，包括类的继承、方法的反射调用及函数指针的使用。

摘要生成于 C知道，由 DeepSeek-R1 满血版支持，前往体验 >

ObjC(Objective-C)中的Class(类类型),Selector(选择器SEL),函数指针(IMP)

今天在园子里看到了一篇牛文“ Objective-C 2.0 with Cocoa Foundation--- 5，Class类型，选择器Selector以及函数指针 ”，讲得十分精彩，忍不住把它的代码加上注释整理于此，以便日后查看。

个人体会：obj-C中的“Class类型变量”比c#中的Object基类还要灵活，可以用它生成任何类型的实例（但是它又不是 NSObject）。而选择器SEL与函数指针IMP，如果非要跟c#扯上关系的话，这二个结合起来，就点类似c#中的反射+委托，可以根据一个方法名称字符串，直接调用方法。

"牛"的基类 Cattle.h

 
       1#import <Foundation/Foundation.h> 
 
       2  
 
       3@interface Cattle : NSObject { 
 
       4    int legsCount; 
 
       5} 
 
       6- (void)saySomething; 
 
       7- (void)setLegsCount:(int) count; 
 
       8@end

Cattle.m

 
       01#import "Cattle.h" 
 
       02  
 
       03@implementation Cattle 
 
       04  
 
       05-(void) saySomething 
 
       06{ 
 
       07    NSLog(@"Hello, I am a cattle, I have %d legs.", legsCount); 
 
       08} 
 
       09  
 
       10-(void) setLegsCount:(int) count 
 
       11{ 
 
       12    legsCount = count; 
 
       13} 
 
       14@end

子类“公牛" Bull.h

 
       01#import <Foundation/Foundation.h> 
 
       02#import "Cattle.h" 
 
       03  
 
       04@interface Bull : Cattle { 
 
       05    NSString *skinColor; 
 
       06} 
 
       07- (void)saySomething; 
 
       08- (NSString*) getSkinColor; 
 
       09- (void) setSkinColor:(NSString *) color; 
 
       10@end

Bull.m

 
       01#import "Bull.h" 
 
       02  
 
       03  
 
       04@implementation Bull 
 
       05  
 
       06-(void) saySomething 
 
       07{ 
 
       08    NSLog(@"Hello, I am a %@ bull, I have %d legs.", [self getSkinColor],legsCount); 
 
       09} 
 
       10  
 
       11-(NSString*) getSkinColor 
 
       12{ 
 
       13    return skinColor; 
 
       14} 
 
       15  
 
       16- (void) setSkinColor:(NSString *) color 
 
       17{ 
 
       18    skinColor = color; 
 
       19} 
 
       20@end

代理类DoProxy.h (关键的代码都在这里)

 
       01#import <Foundation/Foundation.h> 
 
       02  
 
       03//定义几个字符串常量 
 
       04#define SET_SKIN_COLOR @"setSkinColor:" 
 
       05#define BULL_CLASS @"Bull" 
 
       06#define CATTLE_CLASS @"Cattle" 
 
       07  
 
       08  
 
       09@interface DoProxy : NSObject { 
 
       10    BOOL notFirstRun; 
 
       11      
 
       12    id cattle[3]; 
 
       13    //定义二个选择器 
 
       14    SEL say; 
 
       15    SEL skin; 
 
       16      
 
       17    //定义一个函数指针(传统C语言的处理方式) 
 
       18    void(*setSkinColor_Func)(id,SEL,NSString*); 
 
       19      
 
       20    //定义一个IMP方式的函数指针(obj-C中推荐的方式) 
 
       21    IMP say_Func; 
 
       22      
 
       23    //定义一个类 
 
       24    Class bullClass; 
 
       25} 
 
       26  
 
       27-(void) doWithCattleId:(id) aCattle colorParam:(NSString*) color; 
 
       28-(void) setAllIVars; 
 
       29-(void) SELFuncs; 
 
       30-(void) functionPointers; 
 
       31  
 
       32@end

DoProxy.m

 
       01#import "DoProxy.h" 
 
       02#import "Cattle.h" 
 
       03#import "Bull.h" 
 
       04  
 
       05@implementation DoProxy 
 
       06  
 
       07  
 
       08//初始化所有变量 
 
       09- (void) setAllIVars 
 
       10{    
 
       11    cattle[0] = [Cattle new]; 
 
       12      
 
       13    bullClass = NSClassFromString(BULL_CLASS); 
 
       14    //即cattle[1],cattle[2]都是Bull类的实例 
 
       15    cattle[1] = [bullClass new]; 
 
       16    cattle[2] = [bullClass new]; 
 
       17      
 
       18    say = @selector(saySomething); 
 
       19    skin = NSSelectorFromString(SET_SKIN_COLOR); 
 
       20} 
 
       21  
 
       22  
 
       23//初始化id 
 
       24- (void) doWithCattleId:(id) aCattle colorParam:(NSString*) color 
 
       25{ 
 
       26    //第一次运行的时候 
 
       27    if(notFirstRun == NO) 
 
       28    { 
 
       29        NSString *myName = NSStringFromSelector(_cmd);//取得当前正在执行的方法的名字 
 
       30        NSLog(@"Running in the method of %@", myName); 
 
       31        notFirstRun = YES;//修改初次运行标志位 
 
       32    } 
 
       33      
 
       34    NSString *cattleParamClassName = [aCattle className];//取得aCattle的"类名称" 
 
       35      
 
       36    //如果aCattle是Bull或Cattle类的实例 
 
       37    if([cattleParamClassName isEqualToString:BULL_CLASS] || [cattleParamClassName isEqualToString:CATTLE_CLASS]) 
 
       38    { 
 
       39        [aCattle setLegsCount:4];//设置牛的4条腿 
 
       40        if([aCattle respondsToSelector:skin])//如果aCattle对应的是类中,有定义方法"setSkinColor" 
 
       41        { 
 
       42            [aCattle performSelector:skin withObject:color];//则调用setSkinColor方法 
 
       43        } 
 
       44        else
 
       45        { 
 
       46            NSLog(@"Hi, I am a %@, have not setSkinColor!", cattleParamClassName);//否则输出相应的提示信息 
 
       47        } 
 
       48        [aCattle performSelector:say];//最后执行saySomething方法(这二个方法在Bull与Cattle类中都有,所以肯定能运行) 
 
       49    } 
 
       50    else //如果aCattle即不是Bull类也不是Cattle类的实例 
 
       51    { 
 
       52        NSString *yourClassName = [aCattle className]; 
 
       53        NSLog(@"Hi, you are a %@, but I like cattle or bull!", yourClassName);//显示这个"异类"的相关信息 
 
       54    } 
 
       55} 
 
       56  
 
       57//初始化选择器以及相应函数 
 
       58- (void) SELFuncs 
 
       59{ 
 
       60    [self doWithCattleId:cattle[0] colorParam:@"brown"]; 
 
       61    [self doWithCattleId:cattle[1] colorParam:@"red"]; 
 
       62    [self doWithCattleId:cattle[2] colorParam:@"black"]; 
 
       63    [self doWithCattleId:self colorParam:@"haha"];//这里故意传入一个异类self(即DoProxy本身),DoProxy当然不是Bull或Cattle 
 
       64} 
 
       65  
 
       66//函数指针测试 
 
       67- (void) functionPointers 
 
       68{ 
 
       69    //取得函数指针的第一种方式 
 
       70    setSkinColor_Func=(void (*)(id, SEL, NSString*)) [cattle[1] methodForSelector:skin]; 
 
       71    //上面的语句其实等效于下面这种方法 
 
       72    //IMP setSkinColor_Func = [cattle[1] methodForSelector:skin]; 
 
       73      
 
       74    //用第二种方法取得saySomething的函数指针 
 
       75    say_Func = [cattle[1] methodForSelector:say]; 
 
       76      
 
       77    //用函数指针的形式调用setSkinColor 
 
       78    setSkinColor_Func(cattle[1],skin,@"verbose"); 
 
       79      
 
       80    NSLog(@"Running as a function pointer will be more efficiency!"); 
 
       81      
 
       82    //调用saySomething方法 
 
       83    say_Func(cattle[1],say);  
 
       84} 
 
       85  
 
       86@end

测试主函数main()

 
       01#import <Foundation/Foundation.h> 
 
       02#import "DoProxy.h" 
 
       03  
 
       04int main (int argc, const char * argv[]) { 
 
       05    NSAutoreleasePool * pool = [[NSAutoreleasePool alloc] init]; 
 
       06    DoProxy *doProxy = [DoProxy new]; 
 
       07      
 
       08    [doProxy setAllIVars]; 
 
       09    [doProxy SELFuncs]; 
 
       10    [doProxy functionPointers]; 
 
       11      
 
       12    [doProxy release]; 
 
       13    [pool drain]; 
 
       14    return 0; 
 
       15}

运行结果：

2011-02-28 21:40:33.240 HelloSelector[630:a0f] Running in the method of doWithCattleId:colorParam:
2011-02-28 21:40:33.245 HelloSelector[630:a0f] Hi, I am a Cattle, have not setSkinColor!
2011-02-28 21:40:33.247 HelloSelector[630:a0f] Hello, I am a cattle, I have 4 legs.
2011-02-28 21:40:33.248 HelloSelector[630:a0f] Hello, I am a red bull, I have 4 legs.
2011-02-28 21:40:33.250 HelloSelector[630:a0f] Hello, I am a black bull, I have 4 legs.
2011-02-28 21:40:33.251 HelloSelector[630:a0f] Hi, you are a DoProxy, but I like cattle or bull!
2011-02-28 21:40:33.252 HelloSelector[630:a0f] Running as a function pointer will be more efficiency!
2011-02-28 21:40:33.254 HelloSelector[630:a0f] Hello, I am a verbose bull, I have 4 legs.

原文 http://www.cnblogs.com/TsengYuen/archive/2011/04/20/2022107.html