指针变量的算术运算

指针变量的算术运算

• 1.指针与整数的加减运算：对指针变量加上或减去一个整数，表示将该指针后移或前移确定的存储单元。
• 2.两个同类型指针的减法运算：对两个相同类型的指针变量进行减运算，表示这两个指针间有多少存储单元。
• 3.对指针变量加上或减去一个浮点数、进行乘、除等算术运算，对两个指针变量进行加、乘、除等算术运算通常没有实际意义。
• 代码示例1：

• 
  #include <iostream>
  using namespace std;
  
  int main() {
      // 示例1：指针加减整数
      int arr[] = {10, 20, 30, 40, 50};
      int* p = arr;
      cout << "*(p+3) = " << *(p + 3) << endl;  // 输出arr[3]
  
      // 示例2：指针自增运算
      p = arr;
      cout << "初始*p = " << *p << endl;
      p++;
      cout << "p++后*p = " << *p << endl;
  
      // 示例3：指针相减
      int* p1 = &arr[1];
      int* p2 = &arr[4];
      cout << "p2-p1 = " << p2 - p1 << endl;
  
      // 示例4：不同类型指针运算
      double darr[] = {1.1, 2.2, 3.3};
      double* dp = darr;
      cout << "double指针+1地址差: " 
           << (char*)(dp + 1) - (char*)dp << "字节" << endl;
      return 0;
  }
  

  运行结果：

• *(p+3) = 40
  初始p = 10
  p++后p = 20
  p2-p1 = 3
  double指针+1地址差: 8字节

• 分析：

• *(p+3) 输出40，因为p+3指向arr[3]。
• p++操作后*p输出20，指针移动了sizeof(int)字节（通常4字节）。
• p2-p1输出3，表示两指针间隔3个int元素。
• double指针+1地址差输出8，反映double类型占8字节的特性。
• 代码示例2：

  
  #include <iostream>
  using namespace std;
  
  int main() {
      // 示例1：数组遍历
      int arr[] = {10, 20, 30, 40, 50};
      int* p = arr;
      cout << "数组遍历结果:" << endl;
      for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
          cout << "arr[" << i << "] = " << *(p + i) 
               << " (地址:" << p + i << ")" << endl;
      }
  
      // 示例2：指针自增运算
      p = arr;
      cout << "\n指针自增演示:" << endl;
      cout << "初始值: *p = " << *p << endl;
      p++;
      cout << "p++后: *p = " << *p 
           << " 地址增加" << sizeof(int) << "字节" << endl;
  
      // 示例3：指针相减
      int* p1 = &arr[1];
      int* p2 = &arr[4];
      cout << "\n指针相减结果:" << endl;
      cout << "p2 - p1 = " << p2 - p1 
           << " 间隔" << p2 - p1 << "个元素" << endl;
  
      // 示例4：不同类型指针运算
      char char_arr[] = {'a','b','c'};
      char* cp = char_arr;
      cout << "\nchar类型指针运算:" << endl;
      cout << "cp=" << (void*)cp << ", cp+1=" << (void*)(cp+1)
           << " 增加" << sizeof(char) << "字节" << endl;
  
      return 0;
  }
  

  运行结果：

• 数组遍历结果:
  arr[0] = 10 (地址:0x7ffc3a4b8b10)
  arr[1] = 20 (地址:0x7ffc3a4b8b14)
  arr[2] = 30 (地址:0x7ffc3a4b8b18)
  arr[3] = 40 (地址:0x7ffc3a4b8b1c)
  arr[4] = 50 (地址:0x7ffc3a4b8b20)
  
  指针自增演示:
  初始值: *p = 10
  p++后: *p = 20 (地址增加4字节)
  
  指针相减结果:
  p2 - p1 = 3 (间隔3个元素)
  
  char类型指针运算:
  cp=0x7ffc3a4b8b0a, cp+1=0x7ffc3a4b8b0b (增加1字节)