docker-部署Keepalived实现Nginx高可用

W_Meng_H

已于 2023-04-03 09:29:52 修改

阅读量6.5k

点赞数 5

CC 4.0 BY-SA版权

分类专栏： # Nginx 经验总结文章标签： docker nginx keepalived

于 2022-10-13 12:37:34 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/W_Meng_H/article/details/127297084

经验总结同时被 2 个专栏收录

64 篇文章

订阅专栏

Nginx

14 篇文章

订阅专栏

本文介绍如何使用Nginx和Keepalived搭建高可用集群。通过部署Nginx服务器提供服务，并利用Keepalived实现实时监控及故障转移，确保业务连续性。文章详细记录了Nginx和Keepalived的安装配置过程。

摘要生成于 C知道，由 DeepSeek-R1 满血版支持，前往体验 >

Keepalived是一款基于VRRP协议的高可用集群软件，通过虚拟IP（VIP）对外提供服务，能够实时监控集群中服务器的运行状态并自动进行故障隔离，这些服务器都启动着相同的服务，当主服务器发生故障时，会自动将虚拟IP漂移到备份服务器，从而实现业务高可用。

一、服务器环境

两台服务器：10.100.1.123、10.100.1.125

虚拟IP：10.100.1.155

二、流程图

三、部署Nginx

1、获取镜像

docker pull nginx:1.20.0

2、配置文件

mkdir -p /home/docker/nginx/conf
cd /home/docker/nginx/conf
vi nginx.conf

user  root;
worker_processes  1;
events {
    worker_connections  1024;
}

http {
    include       mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;
    log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
                      '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
                      '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
    sendfile        on;
    keepalive_timeout  65;
    server {
        listen       80;
        location / {
            root   /usr/share/nginx/html;
            index  index.html index.htm;
        }
        error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
        location = /50x.html {
            root   /home/nginx-demo/html;
        }
    }
}

3、设计默认页面

mkdir -p /home/docker/nginx/html
cd /home/docker/nginx/html
vi index.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Welcome to nginx!</title>
<style>
    body {
        width: 35em;
        margin: 0 auto;
        font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif;
    }
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Welcome to nginx!</h1>
<p>Load One</p>
</body>
</html>

同理，另一台服务器也做上述操作

4、启动容器

docker run -d  \
--name nginx \
-v /home/docker/nginx/html:/usr/share/nginx/html \
-v /home/docker/nginx/conf/nginx.conf:/etc/nginx/nginx.conf \
-p 9000:80 \
nginx:1.20.0

三、部署Keepalived

1、获取镜像

docker pull osixia/keepalived:2.0.20

osixia/keepalived DockerHub：Docker Hub

osixia/keepalived GitHub：GitHub - osixia/docker-keepalived: Keepalived container image 🐳🌴

2、查看服务器网关

ifconfig

netstat -rn

cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth160

3、启动容器

docker run --cap-add=NET_ADMIN --cap-add=NET_BROADCAST --cap-add=NET_RAW --net=host -d --name keepalived \
    -v /etc/localtime:/etc/localtime \
    -e KEEPALIVED_INTERFACE='ens160' \
    -e KEEPALIVED_PASSWORD='d0cker' \
    -e KEEPALIVED_STATE='BACKUP' \
    -e KEEPALIVED_ROUTER_ID='51' \
    -e KEEPALIVED_UNICAST_PEERS="#PYTHON2BASH:['10.100.1.123','10.100.1.125']" \
    -e KEEPALIVED_VIRTUAL_IPS='10.100.1.155' \
    osixia/keepalived:2.0.20

四、Nginx状态监听脚本

#!/bin/bash
#检测nginx是否启动了
if [ "$(ps -ef | grep "nginx: master process"| grep -v grep )" == "" ];then    #如果nginx没有启动就启动nginx                        
      docker restart nginx                #重启nginx
	  sleep 5
      if [ "$(ps -ef | grep "nginx: master process"| grep -v grep )" == "" ];then    #nginx重启失败，则停掉keepalived服务，进行VIP转移
              docker stop keepalived                    
      fi
fi

Nginx状态监听脚本，添加关闭Keepalived的命令，Nginx出现问题时能正常完成主备切换

五、验证服务

访问虚拟IP

关停 10.100.1.123 服务器的 Keepalived，再次访问

修复 10.100.1.123 服务器的 Keepalived，并一同重启 10.100.1.125 服务器的 Keepalived。

相关学习链接：

keepalived高可用（私网） - 知乎

VRRP协议详解 - 知乎

进入容器的keepalived目录下

/container/service/keepalived/assets

keepalived.conf

global_defs {
  default_interface enp160
}
vrrp_script check_nginx {
  script "/container/service/keepalived/assets/check_nginx.sh" #检测脚本文件
  interval 3           #检测时间间隔
  weight -10           #权重
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
  interface enp160     #设置实例绑定的网卡
  state BACKUP         #设置实例初始状态，实际的MASTER和BACKUP是选举决定的
  virtual_router_id 51 #同一实例下virtual_router_id必须相同
  priority 120         #设置优先级，优先级高的会被竞选为Master
  nopreempt            #非抢占模式
  unicast_peer {       #单播模式，设置对端ip
    10.100.1.123
  }
  virtual_ipaddress {  #设置VIP，可以设置多个
    10.100.1.155
  }
  authentication {     #设置认证
    auth_type PASS     #认证方式，支持PASS和AH
    auth_pass d0cker   #认证密码
  }
  track_script {       #设置追踪脚本
    check_nginx
  }
  notify "/container/service/keepalived/assets/notify.sh"
}