golang make(map[X]Y, cap) cap 参数的作用

 1 先看源码

// overLoadFactor reports whether count items placed in 1<<B buckets is over loadFactor.
func overLoadFactor(count int, B uint8) bool {
   return count > bucketCnt && uintptr(count) > loadFactorNum*(bucketShift(B)/loadFactorDen)
}

// bucketShift returns 1<<b, optimized for code generation.
func bucketShift(b uint8) uintptr {
   // Masking the shift amount allows overflow checks to be elided.
   return uintptr(1) << (b & (sys.PtrSize*8 - 1))
}

// Maximum average load of a bucket that triggers growth is 6.5.
// Represent as loadFactorNum/loadFactorDen, to allow integer math.
loadFactorNum = 13
loadFactorDen = 2

// Maximum number of key/elem pairs a bucket can hold.
bucketCntBits = 3
bucketCnt     = 1 << bucketCntBits

通过上面源码可知负载因子为6.5，即当 count > 8 并且 b=b++   直到（1<<b ）* 6.5 >= count 为止，其中（1<<b ） 为桶的个数；

例如cap=9，则b=1，即桶个数为2^1= 2;

2  验证

通过dlv工具设置断点：

b runtime.makemap

func makemap(t *maptype, hint int, h *hmap) *hmap {
   mem, overflow := math.MulUintptr(uintptr(hint), t.bucket.size)
   if overflow || mem > maxAlloc {
      hint = 0
   }
....
}

 函数参数 hint = 9,得出B=1

3 小结

make 函数的cap参数，作为count值 通过函数overLoadFactor reports whether count items placed in 1<<B buckets is over loadFactor.计算得到负载范围内的桶个数；