Пенка Пейковска. БЪЛГАРСКИТЕ ОБЩНОСТИ В УНГАРИЯ ПРЕЗ ХІХ-ХХ ВЕК. Миграции и историко-демографска характеристика. София, 2011, 400 с. [Bulgarian Communites in Hungary in the 19th and 20th Centuries. Migrations and Historical Demographic Review]
The monograph is dedicated to the Bulgarian communities in Hungary - the Banat Bulgarians (until ... more The monograph is dedicated to the Bulgarian communities in Hungary - the Banat Bulgarians (until 1920), the Bulgarian market-gardeners (until 1960), the Bulgarian students (until 1944) and intellectuals (until 2000). It presents their demographic characteristics and some socio-anthropological aspects of their development in the 19th and 20th centuries: stuctures of sex, age, religion, marriage, labor activity and occupation, literacy and education, as well as their identity, integration and assimilation in the light of quantitative indicators of bilinguism, ethnically heterogeneous families, citizenship etc. Bulgarian population's seasonal labor, child and educational migrations between Hungary and Bulgaria are examined to make a contribution to the history of population movements between the Balkans and Central Europe.
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BOOKS by Penka Peykovska
Institute for Population and Human Studies, highlight mostly unexplored topics on the development of migration processes in the Bulgarian lands from the Late Middle Ages to the present, bringing into scientific cir culation newly discovered or little-known sources. The research studies included here examine various aspects of the relationship between migration and social development, such as: state policies on migration and refugee issues, the integration of migrant communities in Bulgaria and abroad, historical sources for the study of migration processes. Authors approach the issue interdisciplinary, applying a variety of research methods – classical historical, ethnological, demographic, genealogical.
A karlócai békétől a iaşi-i békéig. Osztrák és orosz benyomulás a Balkánra………9
A iaşi-i békétől a drinápolyi békéig………………………………………………………………….42
A drinápolyi békétől a párizsi békéig. Oroszország visszaszorítása…………………..95
A párizsi békétől a berlini szerződésig. Küzdelem a függetlenségért………………155
Institute for Population and Human Studies, highlight mostly unexplored topics on the development of migration processes in the Bulgarian lands from the Late Middle Ages to the present, bringing into scientific cir culation newly discovered or little-known sources. The research studies included here examine various aspects of the relationship between migration and social development, such as: state policies on migration and refugee issues, the integration of migrant communities in Bulgaria and abroad, historical sources for the study of migration processes. Authors approach the issue interdisciplinary, applying a variety of research methods – classical historical, ethnological, demographic, genealogical.
A karlócai békétől a iaşi-i békéig. Osztrák és orosz benyomulás a Balkánra………9
A iaşi-i békétől a drinápolyi békéig………………………………………………………………….42
A drinápolyi békétől a párizsi békéig. Oroszország visszaszorítása…………………..95
A párizsi békétől a berlini szerződésig. Küzdelem a függetlenségért………………155
Russians, Armenians and some foreigners (Austrians, Hungarians, Italians, Czechs and Slovaks) into the labor market in Bulgaria during the postwar partial stabilization of the economy. Our starting point for the study is that refugees and immigrants are a human resource that, by providing itself to the host country, can have a long-term impact on its economic development not only through their physical strength, individual abilities and (professional) skills, but also through their experience, literacy, education, entrepreneurship, innovative ideas, motivation, willingness to take risks. The very process of refugees and immigrants’ integration into the Bulgarian labor market is monitored separately for both sexes, because during the period examined, women were not equal to men and from this point of view gender was a decisive factor in structuring their economic activity. We measure it with indicators as a total coefficient of economic activity, the percentage of women in the labor force, sectoral, sub-sectoral structure and concentration of the economically employed, relative share of entrepreneurs. Our source base is the labor statistics coming from the 1926 census of the population in Bulgaria, carried out at the end of the year. Partly, for comparison and only where appropriate, we use the same data from the 1920 census, where an identical methodology was applied for population registration and thus the data are comparable. We present a static picture being interested in the outcome of the process rather than in its dynamics over a short period of six years.
At the end of 1885 he was attracted to work in Vienna by Benjamin Kállay, who was then Austria-Hungary’s Common Minister of Finance and Governor of occupied Bosnia-Herzegovina. Lajos Thallóczy is his longtime secretary and closest assistant; he is Head of the Archive of Court Chamber to Austria-Hungary’s Common Ministry of Finance, a Hungarian professor in history and law at the prestigious Austrian schools of Terezianum and the Consular Academy. Since 1908 he had been head of department at Austria-Hungary’s common ministry of finance; in 1912 the Common Minister of Finance István Burian appointed him a Real Internal Privy Counselor. Shortly thereafter Thallóczy entered the department of 3rd rank - the highest official level for a civil servant in the monarchy. In 1915-16, he was the civil counselor of the military administration in occupied Serbia.
Lajos Thallóczy began writing his diary after he moved to Vienna - in 1887 successively, almost daily until his death in 1916, bearing a clear conscience and ambition for it to become a valuable historical source for generations.
Compared to the large volume of the diary the information that is directly relevant to Bulgaria is not much. Bulgaria was in the periphery of author’s political interests and observations. There is no consistency in his notes on Bulgaria. He reflected only particular historical moments and characters. Considerable place and attention is given there to the Bulgarian national liberation movement in Macedonia in 1902-1903, to the announcement of Bulgaria’s independence in 1908 and to the participation of Bulgaria in the Balkan Wars. The present publication includes information from the diary relating Bulgaria's place in the foreign policy of Austria-Hungary for the period between 1887 and early 1909. New data of our historical past concerning the here presented period include L. Thallóczy’s notes on the mission of one of IMRO’s leaders, Boris Sarafov to Vienna as well as on the synchronized diplomatic action of Austria-Hungary and Bulgaria for the annexation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the declaring of Bulgaria’s independence in 1908.
П. Пейковска
(Резюме)
Документальные сведения об истории болгарского национальноосвободи-тельного движения очень скудны. Настоящая публикация представляет отысканные недавно в Венгерском национальном архиве документы (ф. К 26), которые проливают свет на некоторые важные события, связанные с его организацией - 17 докладов и писем, высланные шефом Президеальной секции Австро-венгерского общего министерства иностранных дел фон Гофманом венгерского премьер-министру графу Д. Андраши. Они содержат неизвестные факты, относящиеся к формированию тайных комитетов в болгарских землях в указанный период, к отзвуку Далматинского восстания на Балканах и возможности поднятия всеобщего восстания, к идее о Дунайской конфедерации. В частности речь идет о революционной деятельности венгерских эмигрантов Яноша Асталоша и Вильмоша Мадараса - бывших лидеров движения бедных крестьян Альфельда в 1868 г. за создание „венгерско-славянских комитетов” и за „Венгерский тайный комитет в Болгарии” („Венгеро-болгарский тайный комитет”) с центром г. Видина, существование которого подвергалось сомнению из-за отсуствия достаточных документальных свидетельств. Документы вскрывают неизвестные моменты биографии Я. Асталоша во время его пребивания в Болгарии - с середины сентября 1869 до конца марта 1879 г. Здесь он продолжает свою революционную деятельность используя поднятый дух балканских народов, порожденный Далматинским восстанием, чтобы объединит усилия парламенской опозиции Соглашения в Венгрии и венгерских борцов за независимость, находившихся в эмиграции с болгарским революционным движинием, с борьбой за освобождение других балканских народов и с политическими планами либералов в Румынии.
THE POLITICAL ACTIVITIES OF JÁNOS ASZTALOS
IN THE BULGARIAN LANDS 1869-1870
Penka Peykovska
(Summary)
The records about the history of the Bulgarian movement for national liberation from the autumn of 1869 to the spring of 1870 are rather scanty. The publication presents new-found documents from the National Archives of Hungary (f. K 26) which throw light upon important facts of its organization. They include 17 reports and letters which had been sent by the head of the Presidial section of the common Ministry of the Foreign Affairs of Austria-Hungary von Hoffman to the prime-minister of Hungary count Gyula Andrássy. The documents reveal unfamiliar facts concerning the formation of secret committees in the Bulgarian lands at that time, the echo of the Dalmatian uprising in the Balkans and the chance of a general uprising as well as the idea of a Danubian confederation. The revolutionary activity of the Hungarian emigrants János Asztalos and Vilmos Madarász - former leaders of the poor peasants from Alföld movement in 1868, the foundation of „Hungarian-Slav committees” and of the „Hungarian Secret Committee in Bulgaria” (or “Hungarian-Bulgarian Secret Committee”) in Vidin whose existence was doubted for the lack of adequate documentary sources, had been particularly alluded to. The documents elucidate mostly unfamiliar episodes of the stay of János Asztalos in Bulgaria from the middle of September 1869 to the end of March 1870. There he continued his revolutionary activities taking advantage of the Dalmatian uprising and tried to unite the efforts of the parliamentary opposition of the Entente in Hungary and those of the Hungarian champions of independence being in emigration, with the Bulgarian revolutionary movement, the struggle of the Balkan peoples for liberation, and the political plans of the liberals in Romania.""""
Пенка Пейковска
(Резюме)
Настоящая публикация предлагает вниманию историков болгарский дневник дипломата Михая Юнгерта-Арноти - венгерского полномочного министра в Софии с 1 сентября 1939 г. по апрель 1944 г. М. Юнгерт-Арноти не является одной из выдающихся личностей своего времени, формирующих политическую жизнь Венгрии. Он работает на середнем уровне. Информацию о большой политике получает преимущественно косвенно, через свои административные начальники. Однако его способности и интересы совпадают с его дипломатическими поручениями, что делает его одним из хорошо осведомленных дипломатов в балтийских странах, в Финляндии, в Советском союзе и особенно в Болгарии.
Миссия его в Болгарии представляет собой заключительным этапом его дипломати¬ческой карьеры. Внешнеполитическое руководство Венгрии того времени, обдумывая реви¬зию по отношению к Трансильванин, ориентируется на тесное взаимодействие с Болгарией, имевшей подобные притязания к Румынии по отношению к Добрудже. Юнгерт считает своей главной задачей помочь согласованию ревизионистских планов обеих стран. В Софии он устанавливает отличные контакты: часто встречается с тогдашним премьер-министром Г. Кьосенвановым и с его преемником Б. Филовым, его регулярно принимает первый секретарь Министерства иностранных дел Д. Шишманов.
Для болгарской исторической науки особенный интерес представляет личный днев¬ник М. Юнгерта-Арноти. в частности его часть, относившаяся ко времени его пребывания в Софии в качестве полномочного министра Венгрии. Дневник сохраняется в Архиве полити¬ческой истории в Будапеште, во второй группе фонда № 685. Болгарский дневник Юнгерта состоит из 4 записных книжек. Публикуется впервые и является своеобразным продол¬жением его московского дневника, которого венгерские коллеги Л. Сюч и П. Шипош изда¬ли в 1989 г.
THE BULGARIAN DIARY OF MIHÁLY JUNGERTH-ARNÓTHY - HUNGARIAN AMBASSADOR IN SOFIA IN 1939-1944
Penka Peykovska
(S u m m а г у)
The publication presented brings to the historians’ attention the Bulgarian diary of the diplomat Mihály Jungerth-Arnóthy - Hungarian ambassador in Sofia from Septem¬ber, 1st 1939 to April 1944. M. Jungerth-Arnóthy did not belong to the well known persons of his time who strongly influenced the political life in Hungary. He usually kept the medium level. His in¬formation concerning great political events was second hand one, received through his admi¬nistrative chiefs. But his abilities and interests coincided with his diplomatic tasks and that enabled him to be one of the very well-informed diplomats in the Baltic countries, especially in Fin¬land, Russia and also Bulgaria.
His mission in Bulgaria was actually a closing period in his diplomatic carrier. At that very time the Foreign Ministry of Hungary, contemplating a revision concerning Transylvania, fo¬und it necessary to establish closer contacts with Bulgaria, which on its part had similar inten¬tions towards Romania concerning Dobrudja. Jungerth considered his major task to assist the coordination of the revisionist plans of the two countries. In Sofia he managed to create perfect connections: he often met the Prime Minister G. Kioseivanov and his successor B. Filov; he was regularly accepted by the First Secretary of the Foreign Ministry D. Shishmanov. That is why M. Jungerth-Arnóthy’s diary is of a great interest to Bulgarian historians, es¬pecially this part of it which describes the time when his author was Hungarian ambas¬sador in Sofia. The diary is being kept in the Archives of Political History in Budapest, fond N 685, group II. Jungerth’s Bulgarian diary includes four notebooks and covers the period from September 1st 1939 to March 14th 1943. It is being published for the first time and it is a sort of a continuation of his Moskow diary. The latter was published in 1989 by the Hungarian historians L. Szűcs and P. Sipos.
P. Peykovska
(Summary)
The Hungarian diplomat S. Kiss-Nemeskéri is one the forgotten personalities of the interwar period who had left a significant mark although he had not been able to play a decisive role in the international politics. He had worked in Bulgária for more than 10 years: with a short interruption from 1912 when he was appointed an economy expert in Sofia, to 1929 when he had already the Statute of a Hungárián royal diplomatic agent. From that time on till 1937 he had been a diplomatic agent first in Stockholm, then in Helsinki being accredited at the same time to the three Baltic countries of Estonia, Lithuania and Lat Via. Being unusually colourful and all-round man, S. Kiss published at the end of the 1930-es and at the beginning of the 1940-es his memoirs of his diplomatic service in several volumes where his impressions of Bulgária occupied a considerable place. His book of memoirs titled “In a hurry. From the Memoirs of a Hungárian Diplomat” and published in Budapest in 1940, is the most interesting one from a historical point of view. A part of those memoirs is published here, although in a concise form, with a view to its importance for the Bulgárián history. The memoirs reveal the history of Austro-Hungarian-Bulgarian diplomatic relations as well as the Hungarian-Bulgarian ones of the pe¬riod from 1912 to 1929. They reflect his impressions of the meetings with Alexander Stamboliiski and King Boris, of the public life in Bulgária in the 1920-es and particularly of the Reparations’ committees, of the assault at the „Sveta Nedelya” Cathedral, of the presence of the Russian emigrants in Bulgária, of some episodes of the Macedonian movement. The memoirs are being published in Bulgárián for the first time.
ВОСПОМИНАНИЯ ВЕНГЕРСКОГО ДИПЛОМАТА ШАНДОРА КИША-НЕМЕШКЕЙРИ О БОЛГАРИИ И О БОЛГАРАХ
П. Пейковска
(Резюме)
Венгерский дипломат Шандор Киш-Немешкейри является одной из забытых личностей межвоенного периода, которые хотя и не имевшие решающую роль в международной политике, оставили свой значительный след. Он работал в Болга¬рии более десятилетия: с 1912 г., когда был назначен экономическим экспертом в Софии, с небольшими перерывами до 1929 г., когда уже пользовался статутом вен¬герского королевского дипломатического агента. После этого, до 1937 г. работал дипломатическим агентом сначала в Стокгольме, потом в Хельзинки, где являлся одновременно аккредитованным при трех балтийских странах Естонин, Литвы и Латвии. Чрезвычайно колоритный и всесторонне развитый человек, в конце 30-х и начале 40-х годов века Шандор Киш издает в нескольких книгах свои мемуары о времени дипломатической работы, где значительное место находят его впечатле¬ния о Болгарии. С исторической точки зрения наибольший интерес представляет его мемуарная книга „Наспех. Из воспоминаний одного венгерского дипло-мата”, вышедшая в Будапеште в 1940 г.
В настоящей публикации предлагаем в сокращенном виде часть этих воспо¬минаний ввиду их исторической значимости дли болгарской истории. Они являются своеобразной историей австро-венгерско-болгарских и венгерско-болгарских диплома¬тических взаимоотношений за период 1912-1929 гг. В частности мемуары отражают впечатления Ш. Киша со встречи с Александром Стамболийским и царем Борисом, об общественной жизни у нас в 20-х годах века - комиссии по репарациям, поку¬шение в церкви Св. Недели, присутствие русских иммигрантов, моменты македон¬ского движения. Мемуары выходят в свет впервые на болгарском языке.
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