鲤科
鲤科是鲤形目下种类最多的一个科,包括约200有效属、约2000现生种[1][2](具体数目随着新发现及相关各科定义的变化,在有关专家学者当中未有定论)。中国共有约132属532种和亚种,其中包括鯉魚、鯽魚等常見魚類。此科魚的特徵是有鱼鬚、有咽齒沒脂鰭。鲤科一族分布于欧亚大陆、北美、非洲。最大的鲤鱼—巨暹罗鲤(Catlocarpio siamensis)可以长到3米长,300公斤。黄鳍结鱼(Tor putitora),可以长到2.75米長,54公斤。結魚(Tor tor),可以长到2米長,9公斤。在北美分支中的尖頭葉唇魚(Ptychocheilus lucius)单体记录为1.8米长,45公斤。
鲤科 化石时期:
| |
---|---|
麦穗鱼(Pseudorasbora parva) | |
科学分类 | |
界: | 动物界 Animalia |
门: | 脊索动物门 Chordata |
纲: | 辐鳍鱼綱 Actinopteri |
目: | 鲤形目 Cypriniformes |
亚目: | 鲤亚目 Cyprinoidei |
科: | 鲤科 Cyprinidae Rafinesque, 1815 |
亞科 | |
——————————————— |
与之相对的,有很多种类的体长不足5厘米。透體小鿕发育成熟后体长仅11毫米,而2006年發現的微鯉更僅有7.9毫米。鲤科的所有成员均为卵生,大部分不保护他们的卵。但是,有一些种类建鱼窝或护卵。鰟鮍類的鱼會将卵产于贝类体内,新生的小鱼直到有能力生存后才离开寄主。
特徵
编辑本科魚外觀體型差異極大。一般為紡錘形或長形,側扁或稍側扁,口由前上頷骨與下頷骨組成,能伸縮。上下頷皆無齒,但由最後一對鰓之腹面特化成1至3行咽頭齒,每行少於8枚齒,與頭骨腹面的角質後墊形成咀嚼構造。通常具有1至2對鬚或無鬚。背鰭1枚,其前部有2至4根不分枝鰭條,腹鰭腹位,尾鰭叉形或深叉形。體被圓鱗,少數種類鱗片變小或退化。腹鰭基部一般均具有狹長腋鱗。
分類
编辑鯉科下分约200有效属,如下:
- 曲鯉 Aaptosyax grypus
- Abbottina binhi
- 拉林棒花魚 Abbottina lalinensis
- 遼寧棒花魚 Abbottina liaoningensis
- 鈍吻棒花魚 Abbottina obtusirostris
- 棒花魚 Abbottina rivularis
- 斯氏棒花魚 Abbottina springeri
- 刺鮈 Acanthogobio guentheri
- 坦噶尼喀魮 Acapoeta tanganicae
- 北梭短吻魚 Albulichthys albuloides
- 阿氏鈍齒魚 Amblypharyngodon atkinsonii
- 泰國鈍齒魚 Amblypharyngodon chulabhornae
- 鈍齒魚 Amblypharyngodon melettinus :又稱赤嵌鈍齒魚。
- 印度鈍齒魚 Amblypharyngodon microlepis
- 磨齒鈍齒魚 Amblypharyngodon mola
- Amblyrhynchichthys micracanthus
- 截尾鈍吻魮 Amblyrhynchichthys truncatus
- 半盲近金线鲃 Anchicyclocheilus halfibindus
- 新疆扁吻魚 Aspiorhynchus laticeps :又稱新疆大頭魚。
Aspius屬
编辑- Balantiocheilos ambusticauda Ng & Kottelat 2007 [4]
- 黑鰭袋唇魚 Balantiocheilos melanopterus (Bleeker, 1850),基异名:Barbus melanopterus Bleeker, 1850
- 光髯魮 Barbichthys laevis (Valenciennes, 1842),基异名:Barbus laevis Valenciennes, 1842
- 高身四鬚魮 Barbonymus altus
- 似巴勒四鬚魮 Barbonymus balleroides
- 科氏四鬚魮 Barbonymus collingwoodii
- 爪哇四鬚魮 Barbonymus gonionotus :又稱喬氏四鬚魮。
- 施氏魮 Barbonymus schwanenfeldii :又稱施瓦氏四鬚魮。
- 德氏小髯魮 Barbopsis devecchii
- 貝克氏低線鱲 Barilius bakeri
- 滇西低線鱲 Barilius barila :又稱芒氏鿕。
- 巴納低線鱲 Barilius barna
- 本迪爾低線鱲 Barilius bendilisis
- 伯納特低線鱲 Barilius bernatziki
- Barilius bonarensis
- 博爾尼低線鱲 Barilius borneensis
- 卡尼亞爾低線鱲 Barilius canarensis :又名印度真馬口波魚
- 斑尾低線鱲 Barilius caudiocellatues
- Barilius chatricensis
- 松河低線鱲 Barilius dimorphicus
- 多氏低線鱲 Barilius dogarsinghi
- 伊夫氏低線鱲 Barilius evezardi
- 蓋茨山低線鱲 Barilius gatensis
- 泰國低線鱲 Barilius huahinensis
- Barilius infrafasciatus
- Barilius lairokensis
- 中河低線鱲 Barilius mesopotamicus
- 靜低線鱲 Barilius modestus
- Barilius naseeri
- Barilius nelsoni
- Barilius ngawa
- 飾妝低線鱲 Barilius ornatus
- 糙低線鱲 Barilius ponticulus
- Barilius pakistanicus
- Barilius ponticulus
- 輻邊低線鱲 Barilius radiolatus
- 印度低線鱲 Barilius shacra
- 蒂萊低線鱲 Barilius tileo
- 漫游低線鱲 Barilius vagra
Betadevario屬
编辑- Betadevario ramachandrani Pramod, Fang, Rema Devi, Liao, Indra, Jameela Beevi & Kullander, 2010[5]
Bhava屬
编辑- Bhava vittata ,原为Puntius vittata[6]
- Biwia tama
- Biwia yodoensis
- 琵琶湖鮈 Biwia zezera
- 白氏泰波魚 Boraras brigittae
- 斑紋泰波魚 Boraras maculatus
- 小泰波魚 Boraras merah :又稱紅體波魚。
- 三斑泰波魚 Boraras micros
- 斑點泰波魚 Boraras naevus
- 擬尾眼泰波魚 Boraras urophthalmoides :又稱似睛尾波魚。
短波魚屬(Brevibora)
编辑Brevibora Liao, Kullander & Fang, 2010[7]
- 吹沙短波魚 Brevibora cheeya Liao & Tan, 2011[8]
- 背點短波魚 Brevibora dorsiocellata (Duncker, 1904):又稱背點波魚。
- 纖細短波魚 Brevibora exilis Liao & Tan, 2014[9]
- 瞎眼魮 Caecobarbus geertsii
- 盲鯉 Caecocypris basimi
Carasobarbus屬
编辑- 沙特阿拉伯魮 Carasobarbus apoensis
- 類犬魮 Carasobarbus canis
- 錢特氏魮 Carasobarbus chantrei
- 逐魮 Carasobarbus exulatus
- 黃體魮 Carasobarbus luteus
- 鬚鯽 Carassioides acuminatus
- Carassioides argentea
- Carassioides macropterus
- Carassius auratus argenteaphthalmus
- 鯽 Carassius auratus auratus
- 布氏鯽 Carassius auratus burgeri
- 大眼鯽 Carassius auratus grandoculis :又稱長背鯽。
- 蘭氏鯽 Carassius auratus langsdorfii
- 黑鯽 Carassius carassius
- 高身鯽 Carassius cuvieri :又稱日本白鯽。
- 銀鯽 Carassius gibelio
- 卡特拉魮 Catla catla (Hamilton, 1822),为Gibelion catla (Hamilton, 1822)的异名
- 元寶鯿 Chela cachius
- Chela khujairokensis
- 比氏埃塞魚 Chelaethiops bibie :又稱短臀埃塞魚。
- 康吉埃塞魚 Chelaethiops congicus
- 長體埃塞魚 Chelaethiops elongatus
- 小埃塞魚 Chelaethiops minutus
- 魯夸湖埃塞魚 Chelaethiops rukwaensis
Clypeobarbus屬
编辑- 貝爾氏魮 Clypeobarbus bellcrossi
- Clypeobarbus bomokandi
- 康吉魮 Clypeobarbus congicus
- 高鱗魮 Clypeobarbus hypsolepis
- 腹鱗魮 Clypeobarbus pleuropholis
- 擬頜齒魮 Clypeobarbus pseudognathodon
- 斯考特氏魮 Clypeobarbus schoutedeni
- 巴门褶吻鲮 Cophecheilus bamen Zhu, Zhang, Zhang & Han, 2011[12]
- 短须褶吻鲮 Cophecheilus brevibarbatus He, Huang, He & Yang, 2015
- 紅鰭方口魮 Cosmochilus cardinalis
- 鐮狀方口魮 Cosmochilus falcifer
- 哈氏方口魮 Cosmochilus harmandi
- 南臘方口魮 Cosmochilus nanlaensis
也称纓魚屬。
- 天竺圓唇魚 Cyclocheilichthys apogon
- 圓唇魚 Cyclocheilichthys armatus
- 盔圓唇魚 Cyclocheilichthys enoplus
- 泰國圓唇魚 Cyclocheilichthys furcatus
- 異絲圓唇魚 Cyclocheilichthys heteronema
- 詹氏圓唇魚 Cyclocheilichthys janthochir
- 拉氏圓唇魚 Cyclocheilichthys lagleri
- 斜口圓唇魚 Cyclocheilichthys repasson
- Cyclocheilichthys schoppeae
- 中華圓唇魚 Cyclocheilichthys sinensis
- 也門似真小鯉 Cyprinion acinaces acinaces
- 希賈茲似真小鯉 Cyprinion acinaces hijazi
- 伊拉克似真小鯉 Cyprinion kais
- 大口似真小鯉 Cyprinion macrostomus
- 沙特似真小鯉 Cyprinion mhalensis
- 小眼似真小鯉 Cyprinion microphthalmum
- 邁氏似真小鯉 Cyprinion milesi
- Cyprinion semiplotum
- 細線似真小鯉 Cyprinion tenuiradius
- 華生似真小鯉 Cyprinion watsoni
也称斑馬魚屬。
- Danionella cerebrum Britz, Conway & Rüber, 2021[14]
- 德古拉小鿕 Danionella dracula :又稱德古拉魚、小吸血鬼魚
- Danionella mirifica
- Danionella priapus
- 透體小鿕 Danionella translucida
也称大斑馬魚屬、神鿕屬、德瓦鿕屬。
- Devario acrostomus
- 尖頭大鿕 Devario acuticephala :又稱尖頭斑馬魚、尖頭神鿕
- 波條大鿕 Devario aequipinnatus :又稱波條神鿕、線紋鿕,也可稱大班馬魚
- Devario affinis
- 阿氏大鿕 Devario ahlanderi Kullander & Norén, 2022[15]:又稱阿氏德瓦鿕。
- 安娜大鿕 Devario annandalei
- Devario anomalus
- 缺鬚大鿕 Devario apogon
- Devario apopyris
- 阿薩姆大鿕 Devario assamensis
- 黄紫大鿕 Devario auropurpureus :又稱紫金斑馬魚、藍琉璃斑馬魚、紫鑽琉璃燈、黄紫神鿕、紫金非鯉、紫金茵萊湖鯉、琉璃燕子
- 德瓦大鿕 Devario browni
- 金線大鿕 Devario chrysotaeniatus :又稱金線大斑馬魚、金線神鿕
- Devario devario
- 方芳大鿕 Devario fangfangae [註 1]
- 弗雷澤氏大鿕 Devario fraseri
- Devario gibber
- Devario horai
- 半線大鿕 Devario interruptus :又稱紅彩斑馬魚、虹彩斑馬魚、半線神鿕
- 紅蚌大鿕 Devario kakhienensis
- 老撾大鿕 Devario laoensis :又稱麥氏大鿕。
- Devario leptos
- 泰國大鿕 Devario maetaengensis :又稱湄塘河非鯉、湄塘河茵萊湖鯉
- 細線大鿕 Devario malabaricus :又稱大班馬魚、馬拉巴大班馬魚、馬拉巴爾斑馬魚、大神鿕、馬拉巴鿕
- 印度大鿕 Devario manipurensis
- 那加大鿕 Devario naganensis
- 尼爾大鿕 Devario neilgherriensis
- 斯里蘭卡大鿕 Devario pathirana
- Devario peninsulae
- 皇大鿕 Devario regina :又稱皇神鿕
- Devario salmonata
- 沙姆大鿕 Devario shanensis :又稱撣邦德瓦鿕、沙姆神鿕、撣邦非鯉
- 桑氏大鿕 Devario sondhii :又稱火紅金線斑馬魚、火兔斑馬魚、桑氏神鿕
- 棘大鿕 Devario spinosus
- Devario strigillifer
- Devario suvatti
- Devario xyrops
- Devario yuensis
Diplocheilichthys屬
编辑- Diplocheilichthys jentinkii
- 側帶紋唇魚 Diplocheilichthys pleurotaenia
- 阿氏盤齒魮 Discherodontus ashmeadi
- 黑氏盤齒魮 Discherodontus halei
- 小四鬚魮 Discherodontus parvus
- 施氏盤齒魮 Discherodontus schroederi
- Discogobio antethoracalis
- 雙珠盤鮈 Discogobio bismargaritus
- 短鰾盤鮈 Discogobio brachyphysallidos
- Discogobio caobangi
- Discogobio dienbieni
- 長體盤鮈 Discogobio elongatus
- 寬頭盤鮈 Discogobio laticeps
- 長鬚盤鮈 Discogobio longibarbatus
- 長鰾盤鮈 Discogobio macrophysallidos :又稱多鱗盤鮈。
- Discogobio microstoma
- 多線盤鮈 Discogobio multilineatus
- Discogobio pacboensis
- Discogobio poneventralis
- Discogobio propeanalis
- 四鬚盤鮈 Discogobio tetrabarbatus
- 雲南盤鮈 Discogobio yunnanensis
Discolabeo屬
编辑- Discolabeo wuluoheensis Li, Lu & Mao, 1996
- Eirmotus furvus
- Eirmotus insignis
- Eirmotus isthmus
- 十帶連理鱥 Eirmotus octozona
- 短臀鯷波魚 Engraulicypris brevianalis
- Engraulicypris gariepinus Barnard, 1943 [16]
- Engraulicypris howesi Riddin, Bills & Villet, 2016 [16]
- Engraulicypris ngalala Riddin, Bills & Villet, 2016[16]
- 沙丁鯷波魚 Engraulicypris sardella
- 雙色角魚 Epalzeorhynchus bicolor
- 鬚唇角魚 Epalzeorhynchus frenatum
- 麗鰭角魚 Epalzeorhynchus kalopterus
- 泰國雙角魚 Epalzeorhynchus munense
- 阿爾氏長鬚鿕 Esomus ahli
- 阿爾特斯氏長鬚鿕 Esomus altus
- 髯長鬚鿕 Esomus barbatus
- 睛尾長鬚鿕 Esomus caudiocellatus
- 長鬚鿕 Esomus danricus
- 線紋長鬚鿕 Esomus lineatus
- 長身長鬚鿕 Esomus longimanus
- Esomus malabaricus
- 馬來亞長鬚鿕 Esomus malayensis
- Esomus manipurensis
- 金長鬚鿕 Esomus metallicus
- 野長鬚鿕 Esomus thermoicos
- Fangfangia spinicleithralis Britz, Kottelat & Tan, 2012[17]
Folifer屬
编辑- 瓣結魚 Folifer brevifilis (Peters, 1881):又稱海南瓣結魚。
- 稀有鮈鯽 Gobiocypris rarus Ye & Fu, 1983
- 新疆裸重唇魚 Gymnodiptychus dybowskii
- 全裸裸重唇魚 Gymnodiptychus integrigymnatus
- 厚唇裸重唇魚 Gymnodiptychus pachycheilus pachycheilus
Haludaria 屬
编辑- Haludaria afasciata (Jayaram, 1990)
- Haludaria fasciata (Jerdon, 1849)
- Haludaria kannikattiensis (Arunachalam & Johnson, 2003)
- Haludaria melanampyx (Day, 1865)
- 裂峽魮 Hampala ampalong
- 雙斑裂峽魮 Hampala bimaculata
- 異裂峽魮 Hampala dispar
- 洛氏裂峽魮 Hampala lopezi
- 大鱗裂峽魮 Hampala macrolepidota
- Hampala sabana
- 薩爾溫裂峽魮 Hampala salweenensis
- Hemigrammocapoeta culiciphaga
- 美麗半墨頭魚 Hemigrammocapoeta elegans
- 凱氏半線二鬚魮 Hemigrammocapoeta kemali
- 矮半線二鬚魮 Hemigrammocapoeta nana
- Henicorhynchus lineatus
- Henicorhynchus lobatus
- Henicorhynchus ornatipinnis (Roberts, 1997)
- 暹羅單吻魚 Henicorhynchus siamensis (Sauvage, 1881)[18]
- 'Henicorhynchus' thaitui Nguyen, Ho, Hoang, Wu & Zhang, 2020[19]
- 小頭高原魚 Herzensteinia microcephalus (Herzenstein, 1891)
- 板么红水鱼 Hongshuia banmo
- 大眼红水鱼 Hongshuia megalophthalmus
- 小口紅水魚 Hongshuia microstomatus :又名小口華纓魚
- 袍里红水鱼 Hongshuia paoli
- 印度霍氏魚 Horadandia atukorali Deraniyagala, 1943[20]
- 布氏霍氏魚 Horadandia brittani Rema Devi & Menon, 1992[20]
- Horalabiosa arunachalami
- 霍氏唇魮 Horalabiosa joshuai
- 印度霍氏唇魮 Horalabiosa palaniensis
也稱茵萊湖鯉屬。
- 傑氏斑馬魚 Inlecypris jayarami (Barman, 1985):又稱薩爾溫江非鯉、雅氏茵萊湖鯉
- 伊朗盲鯉 Iranocypris typhlops
- 婆羅鯉 Kalimantania lawak (Bleeker, 1855),基异名为Systomus lawak Bleeker, 1855
Kosswigobarbus屬
编辑- Kosswigobarbus kosswigi (Ladiges, 1960),为Carasobarbus kosswigi (Ladiges, 1960)的异名
科特拉魚屬(Kottelatia)
编辑- 布氏科特拉魚 Kottelatia brittani (Axelrod, 1976),基异名:Rasbora brittani Axelrod, 1976
Labeobarbus屬
编辑- Labeobarbus acutirostris
- 小口魮 Labeobarbus aeneus
- 寬口魮 Labeobarbus aspius
- 貝茨氏魮 Labeobarbus batesii
- Labeobarbus brevicauda
- Labeobarbus brevicephalus
- 短刺魮 Labeobarbus brevispinis
- 岬魮 Labeobarbus capensis
- 卡多朿氏魮 Labeobarbus cardozoi
- 尾紋魮 Labeobarbus caudovittatus
- 科林頓氏魮 Labeobarbus codringtonii
- 康皮氏魮 Labeobarbus compiniei
- Labeobarbus crassibarbis
- Labeobarbus dainellii
- Labeobarbus gorgorensis
- Labeobarbus gorguari
- 哈伯氏魮 Labeobarbus habereri
- 間魮 Labeobarbus intermedius :又稱澳洲間魮。
- 約氏魮 Labeobarbus johnstonii
- 大口魮 Labeobarbus kimberleyensis
- 纖魮 Labeobarbus litamba
- Labeobarbus longissimus
- 梭魮 Labeobarbus lucius
- Labeobarbus macrophtalmus
- 軟刺魮 Labeobarbus malacanthus
- 大鱗黃魮 Labeobarbus marequensis
- 姆巴氏魮 Labeobarbus mbami
- Labeobarbus megastoma
- 細絲魮 Labeobarbus micronema
- 蒙戈魮 Labeobarbus mungoensis
- 南非魮 Labeobarbus natalensis
- Labeobarbus nedgia
- Labeobarbus nthuwa
- Labeobarbus osseensis
- Labeobarbus platydorsus
- 細鱗黃魮 Labeobarbus polylepis
- 始祖魮 Labeobarbus progenys
- 羅卡氏魮 Labeobarbus rocadasi
- 羅伊氏魮 Labeobarbus roylii
- Labeobarbus surkis
- Labeobarbus truttiformis
- Labeobarbus tsanensis
- Labeobarbus versluysii
- Labiobarbus cyanopareja
- 條紋長背魮 Labiobarbus fasciatus
- 長背魮 Labiobarbus festivus
- 薄長背魮 Labiobarbus lamellifer
- 細唇長背魮 Labiobarbus leptocheilus :又稱居氏長背魮、緬甸長背魮。
- Labiobarbus lineatus
- 睛斑長背魮 Labiobarbus ocellatus
- 沙巴長背魮 Labiobarbus sabanus
- 暹羅長背魮 Labiobarbus siamensis :又稱胸斑長背魮。
Ladislavia屬
编辑- 平口鮈 Ladislavia taczanowskii
Laocypris屬
编辑- 眼點元寶鯿 Laubuka caeruleostigmata
- 印度元寶鯿 Laubuka dadiburjori
- 條紋元寶鯿 Laubuka fasciata
- Laubuka insularis
- Laubuka lankensis
- 翼元寶鯿 Laubuka laubuca
- Laubuka ruhuna
- Laubuka varuna
- 美臀魚 Lepidopygopsis typus
- 何氏細鬚魮 Leptobarbus hoevenii
- 霍氏細鬚魮 Leptobarbus hosii
- 暗鰭細鬚魮 Leptobarbus melanopterus
- 暗帶細鬚魮 Leptobarbus melanotaenia
- 紅鰭細鬚魮 Leptobarbus rubripinna
- 纓瘦波魚 Leptocypris crossensis
- 幾內亞瘦波魚 Leptocypris guineensis
- 孔庫瘦波魚 Leptocypris konkoureensis
- 盧氏瘦波魚 Leptocypris lujae
- 瘦波魚 Leptocypris modestus
- 尼羅河瘦波魚 Leptocypris niloticus :又稱尼羅低線鱲。
- 泰恩瘦波魚 Leptocypris taiaensis
- 威氏瘦波魚 Leptocypris weeksii :又稱威氏長嘴鱲。
- 韋氏瘦波魚 Leptocypris weynsii
- 寬頭四鬚魮 Linichthys laticeps ,宽头林氏鲃,宽头四须鲃
Longanalus屬
编辑- 博氏魮 Luciobarbus bocagei
- 短頭魮 Luciobarbus brachycephalus
- 團頭魮 Luciobarbus capito :又稱錐首魮。
- 黑海魮 Luciobarbus caspius
- 伊比利亞魮 Luciobarbus comizo
- 埃氏魮 Luciobarbus escherichii
- 犬魮 Luciobarbus esocinus
- 希臘魮 Luciobarbus graecus
- 格雷爾氏魮 Luciobarbus graelsii
- 圭拉魮 Luciobarbus guiraonis
- Luciobarbus kersin
- 科斯氏魮 Luciobarbus kosswigi
- Luciobarbus kottelati
- Luciobarbus lydianus
- 小頭魮 Luciobarbus microcephalus
- 三葉魮 Luciobarbus mursa :又稱稷魮、古拉河鯉。
- Luciobarbus mystaceus
- Luciobarbus pectoralis
- 斯克萊氏魮 Luciobarbus sclateri
- 斯氏魮 Luciobarbus steindachneri
- Luciobarbus xanthopterus
- 布氏梭大口魚 Luciosoma bleekeri
- 佩氏梭大口魚 Luciosoma pellegrini
- 剛毛梭大口魚 Luciosoma setigerum
- 長鰭梭大口魚 Luciosoma spilopleura
- 三線梭大口魚 Luciosoma trinema
Macrhybopsis屬
编辑- Macrhybopsis aestivalis (Girard, 1856)
- Macrhybopsis australis (Hubbs & Ortenburger, 1929)
- Macrhybopsis boschungi Gilbert & Mayden, 2017[21]
- Macrhybopsis etnieri Gilbert & Mayden, 2017[21]
- Macrhybopsis gelida (Girard, 1856)
- Macrhybopsis hyostoma (Gilbert, 1884)[21]
- Macrhybopsis marconis (Jordan & Gilbert, 1886)
- Macrhybopsis meeki (Jordan & Evermann, 1896)
- Macrhybopsis pallida Gilbert & Mayden, 2017[21]
- Macrhybopsis storeriana (Kirtland, 1845)
- Macrhybopsis tetranema (Gilbert, 1886)
- Macrhybopsis tomellerii Gilbert & Mayden, 2017[21]
Malayochela屬
编辑Megarasbora屬
编辑- 印度孟波魚 Megarasbora elanga
- Mekongina bibarba
- 湄公魚 Mekongina erythrospila
- Mekongina lancangensis
Mesopotamichthys屬
编辑小徳魚屬(Microdevario)
编辑也称小徳瓦鿕屬、小大斑馬魚屬。
- 蓋氏小德魚 Microdevario gatesi :蓋氏小波魚
- 庫氏小德魚 Microdevario kubotai :久保田氏小波魚
- 小眼小德魚 Microdevario microphthalma :小眼小波魚
- 微小德魚 Microdevario nana :微小波魚
- 紅身小波魚 Microrasbora rubescens
- 銀色長臀魮 Mystacoleucus argenteus
- 黑背鰭長臀魮 Mystacoleucus atridorsalis
- 月斑長臀魮 Mystacoleucus chilopterus
- Mystacoleucus ectypus
- Mystacoleucus greenwayi
- 細尾長臀魮 Mystacoleucus lepturus
- 長臀魮 Mystacoleucus marginatus
- 帕當長臀魮 Mystacoleucus padangensis
Naziritor屬
编辑- 阿里線紋鯿 Nematabramis alestes
- 婆羅洲線紋鯿 Nematabramis borneensis
- 埃氏線紋鯿 Nematabramis everetti
- 斯氏線紋鯿 Nematabramis steindachneri
- 遜線紋鯿 Nematabramis verecundus
Neobarynotus屬
编辑- 新波魚 Neobola bottegoi
- 河溪新波魚 Neobola fluviatilis
- Neobola kinondo Bart, Schmidt, Nyingi & Gathua, 2019[22]
- 尼羅新波魚 Neobola nilotica
- 星新波魚 Neobola stellae
- Neolissochilus acutirostris Arunachalam, Sivakumar & Murugan, 2017
- 保山四鬚魮 Neolissochilus baoshanensis (Chen & Yang, 1999):寶山新光唇魚。
- 軟鰭四鬚魮 Neolissochilus benasi (Pellegrin & Chevey, 1936):又稱軟鰭新光唇魚。
- Neolissochilus blanci (Pellegrin & Fang, 1940)
- 布萊斯新光唇魚 Neolissochilus blythii (Day, 1870)
- Neolissochilus bovanicus (Day, 1877)
- Neolissochilus capudelphinus Arunachalam, Sivakumar & Murugan, 2017[23]
- 窄身新光唇魚 Neolissochilus compressus (Day, 1870)
- 杜氏新光唇魚 Neolissochilus dukai (Day, 1878)
- 亨氏新光唇魚 Neolissochilus hendersoni
- 異口四鬚魮 Neolissochilus heterostomus
- 墨脫四鬚魮 Neolissochilus hexagonolepis :又稱小鱗光唇魚。
- Neolissochilus hexastichus
- 長翅新光唇魚 Neolissochilus longipinnis
- Neolissochilus namlenensis
- 黑紋新光唇魚 Neolissochilus nigrovittatus
- 少鱗新光唇魚 Neolissochilus paucisquamatus
- Neolissochilus pnar Dahanukar, Sundar, Rangad, Proudlove & Raghavan, 2023[24]
- 似丘新光唇魚 Neolissochilus soroides
- 大棘新光唇魚 Neolissochilus spinulosus
- 斯氏新光唇魚 Neolissochilus stevensonii
- 史氏新光唇魚 Neolissochilus stracheyi
- Neolissochilus subterraneus
- 蘇門答臘新光唇魚 Neolissochilus sumatranus :又稱蘇門答臘光唇魚。
- 蒂氏新光唇魚 Neolissochilus thienemanni
- 特氏新光唇魚 Neolissochilus tweediei
- 飾帶新光唇魚 Neolissochilus vittatus
- Nicholsicypris dorsohorizontalis
- 擬細鯽 Nicholsicypris normalis
- Opsaridium boweni
- 似鯷馬口波魚 Opsaridium engrauloides
- 勒氏馬口波魚 Opsaridium leleupi
- 洛氏馬口波魚 Opsaridium loveridgei
- 斑尾馬口波魚 Opsaridium maculicauda
- 小頭馬口波魚 Opsaridium microcephalum
- 小鱗馬口波魚 Opsaridium microlepis
- 佩氏馬口波魚 Opsaridium peringueyi
- Opsaridium splendens
- 馬拉維馬口波魚 Opsaridium tweddleorum
- 烏斑吉河馬口波魚 Opsaridium ubangense
- 馬口波魚 Opsaridium zambezense
- Opsarius cocsa
- 泰國真馬口波魚 Opsarius koratensis :又稱孟力臘鿕、南尼低線鱲。
- 麗色低線鱲 Opsarius pulchellus
- 葡萄真马口波鱼 Opsarius putaoensis[25]]]
- 山魮 Oreichthys cosuatis :又稱庫爾格無鬚魮。
- Oreichthys crenuchoides
- Oreichthys parvus
- 短背鰭紋唇魚 Osteochilichthys brevidorsalis
- 斯氏尖裸鯉 Oxygymnocypris stewartii (Lloyd, 1908),基异名:Schizopygopsis stewartii Lloyd, 1908
Paracanthobrama屬
编辑- Paleoschizothorax diluculum Yang, Liang, Cai, Chen, Han, Gu, Wang, Bao & Yan, 2022[26]
- 似刺鯿鮈 Paracanthobrama guichenoti Bleeker, 1864
- 條紋似白鮈 Paraleucogobio strigatus
- Parapsilorhynchus discophorus
- 長身副裸吻魚 Parapsilorhynchus elongatus
- 普氏副裸吻魚 Parapsilorhynchus prateri
- Parapsilorhynchus swaini Baliarsingh & Kosygin, 2017[27]
- 触角副裸吻魚 Parapsilorhynchus tentaculatus
- 台灣副細鯽 Pararasbora moltrechti
Pararhinichthys屬
编辑Parasikukia屬
编辑- 異華鯪 Parasinilabeo assimilis
- Parasinilabeo longibarbus
- 长体异华鲮 Parasinilabeo longicorpus
- 长鳍异华鲮 Parasinilabeo longiventralis
- Parasinilabeo maculatus
- Parasinilabeo microps
Paraspinibarbus屬
编辑- 袋唇魚 Paraspinibarbus alloiopleurus
Parasqualidus屬
编辑Parator屬
编辑- 葉結魚 Parator zonatus
- 鯨形密耙魚 Pectenocypris balaena
- 密耙魚 Pectenocypris korthausae
- Pectenocypris micromysticetus
- Pectenocypris nigra Wibowo, Ahnelt & Kertamihardja, 2016[28]
- 安氏坑魚 Phreatichthys andruzzii
Placogobio屬
编辑- 扁咽齒魚 Platypharodon extremus
- 片唇鮈 Platysmacheilus exiguus
- 長鬚片唇鮈 Platysmacheilus longibarbatus
- 裸腹片唇鮈 Platysmacheilus nudiventris Lo, Yao et Chen[29]
- 镇江片唇鮈 Platysmacheilus zhenjiangensis [29]
Plesiopuntius屬
编辑- Plesiopuntius bimaculatus ,原为Puntius bimaculatus[6]
- 貝茨氏原野鯪 Prolabeo batesi
- 黑前眼野鯪 Prolabeops melanhypoptera
- Prolabeops nyongensis
Protolabeo屬
编辑- 非洲擬魮 Pseudobarbus afer
- 糙擬魮 Pseudobarbus asper
- 擬魮 Pseudobarbus burchelli :又稱伯切爾氏魮。
- 伯氏擬魮 Pseudobarbus burgi
- 湧擬魮 Pseudobarbus phlegethon
- 夸氏擬魮 Pseudobarbus quathlambae
- 細擬魮 Pseudobarbus tenuis
- 巴馬擬纓魚 Pseudocrossocheilus bamaensis :又名巴马繐唇鲃、巴馬穗唇魮
- 柳城拟缨鱼 Pseudocrossocheilus liuchengensis
- Pseudocrossocheilus longibullus
- Pseudocrossocheilus nigrovittatus
- Pseudocrossocheilus papillolabrus
- 三齒擬纓魚 Pseudocrossocheilus tridentis :又名三齒華纓魚
- Pseudogobio banggiangensis
- 長吻似鮈 Pseudogobio esocinus
- 桂林似鮈 Pseudogobio guilinensis
- 似鮈 Pseudogobio vaillanti
- 长沟泉水鱼 Pseudogyrinocheilus longisulcus Zheng, Chen et Yang, 2010[30]
- 泉水鱼 Pseudogyrinocheilus prochilus
- 長麥穗魚 Pseudorasbora elongata
- 断线麦穗鱼 Pseudorasbora interrupta
- 麥穗魚 Pseudorasbora parva :又稱羅漢魚。
- 北方麥穗魚 Pseudorasbora pumila :又稱大麥穗魚。
- 靖西擬金線魮 Pseudosinocyclocheilus jinxiensis
- 中甸葉鬚魚 Ptychobarbus chungtienensis :又稱中甸重唇魚。
- 錐吻葉鬚魚 Ptychobarbus conirostris :又稱錐吻重唇魚。
- 雙鬚葉鬚魚 Ptychobarbus dipogon :又稱雙鬚重唇魚。
- 裸腹葉鬚魚 Ptychobarbus kaznakovi :又稱裸腹重唇魚。
- 扁吻鮈 Pungtungia herzi
- Pungtungia hilgendorfi
- Pungtungia shiraii
Puntigrus 屬
编辑- Puntigrus anchisporus (Vaillant, 1902)
- Puntigrus navjotsodhii (Tan, 2012)[31]
- Puntigrus partipentazona (Fowler, 1934)
- Puntigrus pulcher (Rendahl, 1922)
- Puntigrus tetrazona (Bleeker, 1855)
- 印尼魮鯉 Puntioplites bulu
- 鐮魮鯉 Puntioplites falcifer
- 魮鯉 Puntioplites proctozystron
- 爪哇魮鯉 Puntioplites waandersi
也称小䰾屬。
Qianlabeo屬
编辑類波魚屬(Rasboroides)
编辑- 黑邊類波魚 Rasboroides nigromarginatus (Meinken, 1957)
- 蒼白類波魚 Rasboroides pallidus Deraniyagala, 1958[32]
- 羅氏類波魚 Rasboroides rohani Batuwita, de Silva & Edirisinghe, 2013[33]
- 類波魚 Rasboroides vaterifloris Deraniyagala, 1930[32]:又稱珠點波魚。
波體魚屬(Rasbosoma)
编辑- 雜斑波體魚 Rasbosoma spilocerca (Rainboth & Kottelat, 1987)
- 新耙波拉魚 Rastrineobola argentea
- Rectoris longifinus
- 瀘溪直口鯪 Rectoris luxiensis
- 變形直口鯪 Rectoris mutabilis
- 直口鯪 Rectoris posehensis
- 圓筒吻鮈 Rhinogobio cylindricus
- 湖南吻鮈 Rhinogobio hunanensis
- 大鼻吻鮈 Rhinogobio nasutus
- 吻鮈 Rhinogobio typus
- 長鰭吻鮈 Rhinogobio ventralis
Rohanella属
编辑- Rohanella titteya ,原为Puntius titteya[6]
- 奧氏露魮 Rohtee ogilbii
- 小鱗羅塔魮 Rohteichthys microlepis
- Romanogobio albipinnatus
- 黃河羅馬諾鮈 Romanogobio amplexilabris
- Romanogobio antipai
- Romanogobio banaticus
- Romanogobio belingi
- Romanogobio benacensis
- Romanogobio ciscaucasicus
- Romanogobio elimeius
- 山西羅馬諾鮈 Romanogobio johntreadwelli
- Romanogobio kesslerii
- Romanogobio macropterus
- Romanogobio parvus
- Romanogobio pentatrichus
- Romanogobio persus
- Romanogobio skywalkeri Friedrich, Wiesner, Zangl, Daill, Freyhof & Koblmüller, 2018[34]
- Romanogobio tanaiticus
- 薄身羅馬諾鮈 Romanogobio tenuicorpus
- Romanogobio uranoscopus
- Romanogobio vladykovi
- 遼河突吻鮈 Rostrogobio liaohensis
Sahyadria屬
编辑- 薩納魚 Sanagia velifera
- 蛇鮈 Saurogobio dabryi
- 長蛇鮈 Saurogobio dumerili
- 細尾蛇鮈 Saurogobio gracilicaudatus
- 光唇蛇鮈 Saurogobio gymnocheilus
- 無斑蛇鮈 Saurogobio immaculatus
- 滑唇蛇鮈 Saurogobio lissilabris
- 湘江蛇鮈 Saurogobio xiangjiangensis
- 閃光鱥 Sawbwa resplendens Annandale, 1918
- 刺鰭鏟齒魚 Scaphiodonichthys acanthopterus
- Scaphiodonichthys burmanicus
- 长鳍白甲鱼 Scaphiodonichthys macracanthus
- 曼谷類鏟頜魚 Scaphognathops bandanensis
- 斯氏類鏟頜魚 Scaphognathops stejnegeri
- Scaphognathops theunensis
- 印尼裂吻魚 Schismatorhynchos endecarhapis Siebert & Tjakrawidjaja, 1998
- 異裂吻魚 Schismatorhynchos heterorhynchos (Bleeker, 1854)
- 馬來亞裂吻魚 Schismatorhynchos holorhynchos Siebert & Tjakrawidjaja, 1998
- Schismatorhynchos lobocheilioides Bleeker, 1855
- 裂吻魚 Schismatorhynchos nukta (Sykes, 1839)
- Schizocypris altidorsalis
- Schizocypris altidorsalis
- 裂鯉 Schizocypris brucei
- 拉氏裂鯉 Schizocypris ladigesi
- 彎額準裂腹魚 Schizopyge curvifrons :又稱小髭準裂腹魚、長鰭準裂腹魚。
- Schizopyge dainellii
- 黑身準裂腹魚 Schizopyge niger :又稱平額腹魚。
- 前腹裸裂尻魚 Schizopygopsis anteriventris
- 柴達木裸裂尻魚 Schizopygopsis kessleri
- 嘉陵裸裂尻魚 Schizopygopsis kialingensis
- 軟刺裸裂尻魚 Schizopygopsis malacanthus
- 黃河裸裂尻魚 Schizopygopsis pylzovi
- 高原裸裂尻魚 Schizopygopsis stoliczkai
- 溫泉裸裂尻魚 Schizopygopsis thermalis
- 拉薩裸裂尻魚 Schizopygopsis younghusbandi
- 寶興裸裂尻魚 Schizopygopsis malacanthus baoxingensis
- 印度斧鯉 Securicula gora
- Semiplotus cirrhosus
- Semiplotus manipurensis
- 緬甸半泳鯉 Semiplotus modestus
- Sinilabeo binhluensis
- Sinilabeo brevirostris
- 似鯪華鯪 Sinilabeo cirrhinoides
- Sinilabeo hummeli
- 長鬚華鯪 Sinilabeo longibarbatus
- Sinilabeo longirostris
- 華纓魚 Sinocrossocheilus guizhouensis
- Sinocrossocheilus labiatus
- Sinocrossocheilus megalophthalmus
也称金线鲃属。
Snyderichthys屬
编辑- 科氏骨尾魚 Snyderichthys copei
Speolabeo屬
编辑- Speolabeo hokhanhi Nguyen, Cao, Deng & Zhang, 2018[35]
- Speolabeo musaei (Kottelat & Steiner, 2011)[36]
- 斯普拉特鯉 Spratellicypris palata
- Spinibarbus babeensis
- 鋸齒倒刺魮 Spinibarbus denticulatus :又稱多鱗倒刺魮、雲南倒刺魮。
- 光倒刺魮 Spinibarbus hollandi :又稱何氏棘魞。
- Spinibarbus maensis
- Spinibarbus nammauensis
- Spinibarbus ovalius
- 中華倒刺魮 Spinibarbus sinensis
Sundadanio屬
编辑- Sundadanio atomus
- 阿氏波魚 Sundadanio axelrodi
- Sundadanio echinus
- Sundadanio margarition
- Sundadanio gargula
- Sundadanio goblinus
- Sundadanio rubellus
- Sundadanio retiarius
Tanichthys Lin, 1932,也称邓鱼属,
- 白腹唐鱼 Tanichthys albiventris Li, Bohlen & Liao[37]
- 唐魚 Tanichthys albonubes S. Y. Lin, 1932,种名意为白云,指其模式产地为白云山。[37]
- 黄臀唐鱼 Tanichthys flavianalis Li, Liao & Shen[37]
- 库氏唐鱼 Tanichthys kuehnei Bohlen, Dvorák, Thang & Šlechtová, 2019[38]
- 賢良江唐魚 Tanichthys micagemmae Freyhof & Herder, 2001
- Tanichthys thacbaensis Nguyen & Ngo, 2001
Tariqilabeo屬
编辑- 角魚 Tariqilabeo bicornis
- Tariqilabeo periyarensis
- 多鱗似鮪雅羅魚 Thynnichthys ploylepis
- 沙特似鮪雅羅魚 Thynnichthys sandkhol
- 似鮪雅羅魚 Thynnichthys thynnoides
- 瓦氏似鮪雅羅魚 Thynnichthys vaillanti
- 丁鱥 Tinca tinca
三菱波魚屬(Trigonopoma)
编辑- 埃氏三角波魚 Trigonostigma espei (Meinken, 1967),伊氏波魚
- 亨氏三角波魚 Trigonostigma hengeli (Meinken, 1956),亨氏波魚
- 黑斑三角波魚 Trigonostigma heteromorpha (Duncker, 1904), 異形波魚
- 紅身三角波魚 Trigonostigma somphongsi (Meinken, 1958) ,宋氏波魚[39]
- 截形三角波魚 Trigonostigma truncata Tan, 2020
Troglocyclocheilus屬
编辑- Troglocyclocheilus khammouanensis Kottelat & Bréhier, 1999[40]
- 盲墨頭魚 Typhlogarra widdowsoni
- 高鰭突吻魚 Varicorhinus altipinnis
- 安森氏突吻魚 Varicorhinus ansorgii
- Varicorhinus axelrodi
- 比索突吻魚 Varicorhinus beso
- 布氏突吻魚 Varicorhinus brauni
- 倣突吻魚 Varicorhinus capoetoides
- Varicorhinus clarkeae
- Varicorhinus dimidiatus
- 劍形突吻魚 Varicorhinus ensifer
- 纓突吻魚 Varicorhinus fimbriatus
- 兇突吻魚 Varicorhinus iphthimostoma
- 耶格氏突吻魚 Varicorhinus jaegeri
- Varicorhinus jubae
- 偏嘴突吻魚 Varicorhinus latirostris
- 李利突吻魚 Varicorhinus leleupanus
- 長背突吻魚 Varicorhinus longidorsalis
- 盧福突吻魚 Varicorhinus lufupensis
- 大鱗突吻魚 Varicorhinus macrolepidotus
- 瑪麗亞突吻魚 Varicorhinus mariae
- Varicorhinus maroccanus
- 南非突吻魚 Varicorhinus nelspruitensis
- 皮氏突吻魚 Varicorhinus pellegrini
- 平口突吻魚 Varicorhinus platystomus
- 品味突吻魚 Varicorhinus pungweensis
- Varicorhinus robertsi
- 盧安達突吻魚 Varicorhinus ruandae
- 魯氏突吻魚 Varicorhinus ruwenzorii
- 桑氏突吻魚 Varicorhinus sandersi
- 半網紋突吻魚 Varicorhinus semireticulatus
- 斯坦氏突吻魚 Varicorhinus steindachneri
- 直口突吻魚 Varicorhinus stenostoma
- 托尼氏突吻魚 Varicorhinus tornieri
- 烏奔突吻魚 Varicorhinus upembensis
- 尖嘴突吻魚 Varicorhinus varicostoma
- 沃納氏突吻魚 Varicorhinus werneri
- 威氏突吻魚 Varicorhinus wittei
- Varicorhinus xyrocheilus
- 洛氏奇鬚鯉 Xenobarbus loveridgei
- 鰩山鯉 Yaoshanicus arcus
- Yaoshanicus kyphus
經濟利用
编辑本科魚為各國重要的垂釣種及養殖魚類,多數可食用,頗具經濟價值,是合各種烹飪方式。另外一些種類體色艷麗,適合做為觀賞魚。
本科魚類全部為淡水魚;不僅種類繁多,其分布也廣泛,各種水體皆有其分布。其食性也因魚種而不同,各種食性之魚種皆有。
注释
编辑- ^ 以方芳命名。方芳(Fang Fang Kullander),中国及瑞典鱼类学家,曾在中国科学院动物研究所及瑞典国家自然历史博物馆从事淡水鱼类研究工作,2010年病逝于瑞典。鲤科两鱼类新种及鿕亚科新属方芳属是以她命名,以作纪念。
- ^ 以秉志命名。
- ^ 以张春霖命名。
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