INTRODUCTION OF JAVA
NAME : MOHAMMAD ASLAAN
CLASS : 9th ‘A’
ROLL NO. : 23
.
CONTENT
WHAT IS JAVA
HISTORY
PRINCIPLES
IMPLEMENTATIONS
What is JAVA ?
Java is a class-based, object-oriented programming
language that is designed to have as few
implementation dependencies as possible. It is
intended to let application developers write once,
and run anywhere (WORA), meaning that compiled
Java code can run on all platforms that support Java
without the need for recompilation. Java was first
released in 1995 and is widely used for developing
applications for desktop, web, and mobile devices.
JAVA was developed by James Gosling at Sun
Microsystems Inc in the year 1995 and later acquired by
Oracle Corporation. It is a simple programming language.
Java makes writing, compiling, and debugging
programming easy. It helps to create reusable code and
modular programs. Java is a class-based, object-oriented
programming language and is designed to have as few
implementation dependencies as possible. A general-
purpose programming language made for developers to
write once run anywhere that is compiled Java code can
run on all platforms that support Java. Java applications
are compiled to byte code that can run on any Java Virtual
Machine. The syntax of Java is similar to c/c++.
HISTORY
JAVA’s history is very interesting. It is a programming
language created in 1991. James Gosling, Mike
Sheridan, and Patrick Naughton, a team of Sun
engineers known as the Green team initiated the Java
language in 1991. Sun Microsystems released its first
public implementation in 1996 as Java 1.0. It provides
no-cost -run-times on popular platforms. Java1.0
compiler was re-written in Java by Arthur Van Hoff to
strictly comply with its specifications. With the arrival of
Java 2, new versions had multiple configurations built
for different types of platforms.
I In 1997, Sun Microsystems approached the ISO
standards body and later formalized Java, but it
soon withdrew from the process. At one time, Sun
made most of its JAVA implementations available
without charge, despite their proprietary software
status. Sun generated revenue from Java through
the selling of licenses for specialized products such
as the Java Enterprise System . On November 13 ,
2006 , Sun released much of its Java virtual
machine as free, open-source software . On May 8,
2007, Sun finished the process, making all of its
JVM’s core code available under open-source
distribution terms.
PRINCIPLES
Theprinciples for creating java were simple,
robust, secured, high-performance, portable,
multi-threaded, interpreted, dynamic, etc. In
1995 Java was developed by James Gosling,
who is known as the Father of Java. Currently,
Java is used in mobile devices, internet
programming, games, e-business, etc.
IMPLEMENTATIONS
Implementation of a Java application program
involves a following step. They include:
1. Creating the program
2. Compiling the program
3. Running the program
Creating the program
We can create a program using Text Editor (Notepad)
or IDE (NetBeans)
class Test
{
public static void main(String []args)
{
System.out.println(“My First Java
Program.”);
}
};
Compiling the program AND
RUNNING IT
To compile the program, we must run the Java
compiler (javac), with the name of the source file on
“command prompt” like as follows . If everything is
OK, the “javac” compiler creates a file called
“Test.class” containing byte code of the program.
• Running the program , We need to use the Java
Interpreter to run a program.
Java programming language is named JAVA.
Why?
Afterthe name OAK, the team decided to give
it a new name to it and the suggested words
were Silk, Jolt, revolutionary, DNA, dynamic,
etc. These all names were easy to spell and
fun to say, but they all wanted the name to
reflect the essence of technology. In
accordance with James Gosling, Java the
among the top names along with Silk, and
since java was a unique name so most of them
preferred it.
MORE TO IT
Java is the name of an island in Indonesia
where the first coffee(named java coffee)
was produced. And this name was chosen
by James Gosling while having coffee near
his office. Note that Java is just a name,
not an acronym.
JAVA TERMINOLOGY
This is generally referred to as JVM. There are three execution
phases of a program.They are written, compile and
run the program.
Writing a program is done by a java programmer like you and me.
The compilation is done by the JAVAC compiler which is a primary
Java compiler included in the Java development kit (JDK). It takes
the Java program as input and generates bytecode as output.
In the Running phase of a program, JVM executes the bytecode
generated by the compiler.
BYTECODE
Bytecode in the Development Process:
As discussed, the Javac compiler of JDK
compiles the java source code into
bytecode so that it can be executed by
JVM. It is saved as .class file by the
compiler. To view the bytecode, a
disassembler like javap can be used
Java Development Kit (JDK)
Whilewe were using the term JDK when we
learn about bytecode and JVM. So, as the
name suggests, it is a complete Java
development kit that includes everything
including compiler, Java Runtime
Environment (JRE), java debuggers, java
docs, etc. For the program to execute in java,
we need to install JDK on our computer in
order to create, compile and run the java
program.
Java Runtime Environment (JRE)
JDK includes JRE. JRE installation on our
computers allows the java program to
run, however, we cannot compile it. JRE
includes a browser, JVM, applet support,
and plugins. For running the java
program, a computer needs JRE.
Garbage Collector
In Java, programmers can’t delete the objects. To
delete or recollect that memory JVM has a
program called Garbage Collector. Garbage
Collectors can recollect the objects that aren’t
referenced. So Java makes the life of a
programmer easy by handling memory
management. However, programmers should be
careful about their code whether they are using
objects that have been used for a long time.
Because Garbage cannot recover the memory of
objects being referenced.
Class Path
The classpath is the file path
where the java runtime and Java
compiler look for .class files to
load. By default, JDK provides
many libraries. If you want to
include external libraries they
should be added to the classpath.
Primary/Main Features of Java
Platform Independent: Compiler
converts source code to bytecode and then the
JVM executes the bytecode generated by the
compiler. This bytecode can run on any platform
be it Windows, Linux, or macOS which means if
we compile a program on Windows, then we can
run it on Linux and vice versa.
Object-Oriented Programming
Language
Organizing the program in the terms of a
collection of objects is a way of object-oriented
programming, each of which represents an
instance of the class . The four main concepts of
Object-Oriented programming are :
Abstraction
Encapsulation
Inheritance
Polymorphism
Secure
Injava, we don’t have pointers, so we cannot
access out-of-bound arrays i.e it shows
ArrayIndexOutOfBound Exception if we try
to do so. That’s why several security flaws
like stack corruption or buffer overflow are
impossible to exploit in Java. java programs
run in an environment that is independent of
the os(operating system) environment which
makes java programs more secure.
Distributed
We can create distributed applications
using the java programming language.
Remote Method Invocation and
Enterprise Java Beans are used for
creating distributed applications in java.
The java programs can be easily
distributed on one or more systems that
are connected to each other through an
internet connection.
Robust
Java language is robust which means reliable.
It is developed in such a way that it puts a lot
of effort into checking errors as early as
possible, that is why the java compiler is able
to detect even those errors that are not easy
to detect by another programming language.
The main features of java that make it robust
are garbage collection, Exception Handling,
and memory allocation.
Portable
As we know, java code written on
one machine can be run on another
machine. The platform-independent
feature of java in which its platform-
independent bytecode can be taken
to any platform for execution makes
java portable.
High Performance
Java architecture is defined in such a
way that it reduces overhead during
the runtime and at some times java
uses Just In Time (JIT) compiler where
the compiler compiles code on-
demand basics where it only compiles
those methods that are called making
applications to execute faster.
Power of compilation and
interpretation
Most languages are designed with the
purpose of either they are compiled
language or they are interpreted
language. But java integrates arising
enormous power as Java compiler
compiles the source code to bytecode
and JVM executes this bytecode to
machine OS-dependent executable
code.
lo l
class : class keyword is used to declare
classes in Java
public : It is an access specifier. Public
means this function is visible to all.
static : static is again a keyword used to
make a function static. To execute a static
function you do not have to create an
Object of the class. The main() method
here is called by JVM, without creating any
object for class.
.
void : It is the return type, meaning this function
will not return anything.
main : main() method is the most important
method in a Java program. This is the method
which is executed, hence all the logic must be
inside the main() method. If a java class is not
having a main() method, it causes compilation
error.
String[] args : This is used to signify that the user
may opt to enter parameters to the Java Program
at command line. We can use bothString[] args or
String args[]. Java compiler would accept both
forms.System.out.println : This is used to print
Example
Output
Q
