Training – Electrical

What do u mean by SLD?

• SLD
• SLD stands for SINGLE LINE DIAGRAM.
• The single-line diagram is very simplified and is used primarily to learn the function of each of
the various components as a part of the total system.
• The single-line diagram shows all components in a single line with electrical symbols.
• The single-line diagram is used basically for the same purpose as the block diagram.
• When it used with text material, it gives you a basic understanding of the functions of the
components of a system.
SLD of HT Panel and Main Isolator
Single line Diagram of 11kv VCB Panel

11 KV VCB SWITCH BOARD

Circuit Symbols
Components of 11kv HT Panel

• VCB (Vacuum Circuit Breaker)

• A vacuum circuit breaker utilizes a vacuum to extinguish arcing when the circuit breaker is opened and to act as a
dielectric to insulate the contacts after the arc is interrupted.
• Parts of a 11Kv VCB
1. Input output terminal
2. Vacuum interrupter
3. Grounding terminal
4. Electronic controller
5. Magnetic Actuator
6. Sensors
7. Capacitors
8. Motors
CT/PT

• CT’s are use to measure current

in bus bar.
• PT’s are used to measure voltage
in bus bar.
Parts of 11kv VCB
• Input output terminal
• Incoming and outgoing bus bar are connected to this terminal
• Vacuum interrupter
• It is a chamber where circuit breaker contacts close and open
• Grounding terminal
• Ground conductors/strips/panel body are connected to this
terminal for proper grounding
• Magnetic Actuator
• Consist of laminar pack, a permanent magnet, two coils and
a moving armature
• The moving element is attracted by the magnetic field
generated by one windings and by means of special
kinematics allows the contacts of the interrupters to operated
on opening and closing
Parts of 11kv VCB
• Capacitor
• Used fir storing energy required for complete
cycle opening-closing-opening
• When there is no auxiliary power supply then
the capacitor is able to maintain the circuit
operational for about 30sec.
• Sensor
• It determine the exact position of the circuit
breaker (open or closed). The signal is sent to
the electronic control module
• Electronic Module
• Controls all circuit breaker function and can
receive and sent appropriate control and
operating signals
• Motor
• Used to store energized spring to store energy
which will be used while closing and opening
contacts
Working of a Typical VCB

1.Vacuum interrupter
2.Terminal
3.Flexible connection
4.Support insulation
5.Operating rod
6.Tie bar
7.Common operating shifts
8.Operating corn
9.Locking cam
10.Making spring
11.Breaking spring
12.Loading spring
13.Main link
Selection of VCB

• The following information has to be specified while selecting and ordering a circuit breaker.
• Number of poles.
• Normal current rating
• Rupturing, breaking capacity
• Indoor or outdoor type
• Draw out or non draw-out
• size of cable boxes required
• Type of protection required this will determine the relays required.
• Any signal or alarm system.
• Icu (ultimate breaking capacity)
• Ics (serviceable breaking capacity)
• Ics is preferred
MAINTENANCE

• Check bus-bar connection and Tight up in H.T. Panel / All floor panel.
• Check connection of switch gear in HT Panel /All floor panel.
• Tightened all connections.
• Check Indicating bulbs.
• Check all common area Distribution Board and working of ELCB’s.
• Check and making the water level in ear thing pit’s.
• Checking of VCB of HT Panel – as per check list of VCB attached.
• Cut off the power supply before maintenance the HT Panel.
• Earth all the component which used in HT panel.
• Insulating parts, including bushings should be wiped clean of dust and smoke.
• The alignment and condition of the movable and stationary contacts should be checked.
• Inspect breaker operating mechanism for loose hardware and missing or broken cotter pins, etc. Examine cam,
latch, and roller surfaces for damage or wear .
MAINTENANCE

• Clean and relubricate operating mechanism with a light machine oil (SAE-20 or
30) for pins and bearings and with a no hardening grease for the wearing surfaces
of cams, rollers, etc.
• Inspect wiring connections for tightness.
• Check, after servicing, circuit breaker to verify that contacts move to the fully
opened and fully closed positions, that there is an absence of friction or binding,
and that electrical operation is functional.
• Condition of the vacuum can be checked by a hi-pot test.
Power and Control diagram of VCB Panel
Question

• Which Breaker is recommended in building services ?

• VCB (Vacuum circuit Breaker)
• What is a VCB?
• A vacuum circuit breaker utilizes a vacuum to extinguish arcing when the circuit breaker is opened and to
act as a dielectric to insulate the contacts after the arc is interrupted
• Name different parts of a VCB?
• Input output terminal Grounding terminal Capacitor
• Vacuum interrupter Magnetic Actuator Sensor

• What is vacuum interrupter?

• It is a chamber where circuit breaker contacts close and open
• What is the function of motor ?
• Used to store energized spring to store energy which will be used while closing and opening contacts
• Why sensors are used in VCB?
• It determine the exact position of the circuit breaker (open or closed). The signal is sent to the electronic
control module.
LT PANEL
 LT Panel

• LT Panels used to control Low voltage

supply from LT Isolator.
• Voltage range below 11kv
• Components of a LT panel
1. Circuit Breaker (ACB)
2. CT, PT for measuring electrical parameter
3. MCCB
4. Control Relay
1. OC, UV, EL and Master trip relay
5. Indicating lamps
1. ACB condition
2. Phase indicator
3. Fault indicator
6. Selector switch (M/A)
7. BCS (Breaker Control Switch)
8. Control Wiring
AIR CIRCUIT BREAKER
Component of LT Panel

• ACB (Air Circuit Breaker):-

• An air circuit breaker is an electric protecting apparatus which is installed between an electric source
and load units in order to protect a load unit and a load line from an abnormal current generated on an
electric circuit.
• Part of ACB
• Input output terminal
• Arcing contact
• Cradle
• Thermo magnetic over current release
• Lock Trip Push Button
• Induction switches
• Under Voltage Release
• Mechanical Operation Counter
Component of ACB
• Input output terminal
• Incoming and outgoing busbar are connected to this terminal
• Arcing contact
• It is a chamber where circuit breaker contacts close and open
• Thermo magnetic over current release
• DN1 Is CT operated thermo magnetic release, which offers
reliable protection against over load,short circuit,ground fault.
• Lock Trip Push Button
• Mounted in place of normal trip push button, In this,ACB can be
lock in trip condition.
Component of ACB

• Induction switches
• Common indication of tripping due to over load,
short circuit,and ground fault.
• Shunt Release
• For remote tripping of circuit Breaker.
• Under Voltage Release
• This release trip the ACB under, under voltage
fault condition.
• Mechanical Operation Counter
• Record total no. of breaker operation
Cycle.
Typical Mechanical Life=20,000 operation
Typical Electrical Life =2,500 operation
• Cradle
Working of Air Circuit Breaker

• Operating Handle
• Operation Mechanism
• Prop Latch
• Arcing Contact
• Terminal Stud
• Main line contact
• Tripper bar
• Series trip Coil
• Electrical Solenoid
Selection of ACB

• The following information has to be specified while selecting and ordering a circuit breaker.
• Number of poles.
• Normal current rating
• Rupturing, breaking capacity
• Indoor or outdoor type
• Draw out or non draw-out
• size of cable boxes required
• Type of protection required this will determine the relays required.
• Any signal or alarm system.
• Icu (ultimate breaking capacity)
• Ics (serviceable breaking capacity)
• Ics is preferred
Commissioning of ACB

• “Commissioning” is a collective term which basically means, to prove a system and verify that the system performs in a manner
consistent with the design intent .
• Commissioning Test
• Check to ensure that appropriate diagrams have been received for every system. They should then be numbered,entered into an index and filed.
• Relay data (types,serial no.,Setting range etc.) Should be collected.
• Insulation resistance
These tests should be carried out with the help of a meggar.
• Turn ratio test
This test is done to verify the turns ratio of CT.
• Off load tripping test
• On load tests
• Mechanical test
This test includes opening and closing of circuit breaker several times
to check its mechanical strength.
Need For Testing of ACB

• When an overload or a short circuit occurs in the home, the usual result is a blown fuse or a tripped circuit breaker.
• Fortunately, few have the misfortune to see the results of a defective device, which may include burned wiring, fires, explosions, and
electrical shock.
• In the case of fuses, this may be a safe assumption, because a defective fuse usually blows too quickly, causing premature opening of
the circuit, and forcing replacement of the faulty component.
• Circuit breakers, however, are mechanical devices, which are subject to deterioration due to wear, corrosion, and environmental
contamination, any of which could cause the device to remain closed during a fault condition.
CHARACTERISTIC CURVE
INTERPHASE CLEARENCE
TROUBLE SHOOTING
(1. BREAKING IS NOT CLOSING)

PROBABLE CAUSE POSSIBLE SOLUTION

1. Under voltage release not connected with supply 1. Give rated voltage to under voltage release
2. Under voltage release, shunt release, connecting 2. Adjust the connecting linkage of releases correct
link not adjusted properly. 3. Lock the trip bar at given position
3. Trip bar of Magneto thermal releases is 4. Fix the spring correctly
disconnected
4. Latch of the mechanism spring not in proper 5. Replace the under voltage release.
position or misplaced. 6. Replace the magneto thermal release
5. Under voltage release coil burnt out or open 7. Reset the breaker by pressing OFF/RESET
circuited. BUTTON
6. Bimetal element of magneto thermal release bent 8. Clean the tripping mechanism & grease them.
permanently.
7. After overload or short circuit fault, breaker not
reset (ONLY FOR MANUALLY RESET TYPE
ACB.)
8. Sticking of tripping mechanism due to excess dust.
 2.BREAKER IS NOT TRIPPING WITH UNDER VOLTAGE OR SHUNT RELEASE

PROBABLE CAUSE POSSIBLE SOLUTION

1. Shunt release does not get supply. 1. Check control wiring of shunt
2. supply of under voltage release is release & ensure that shunt release
not proper. gets supply.
3. Link pins of under voltage or shunt 2. Check control wiring
release misplaced 3. Ensure that pins are in position
4. Due to dust release becomes sticky. 4. Remove the dust from the release &
clean it .
TROUBLE SHOOTING

• Problem 3: Breaker is not tripping by manual trip push button

• Trip push buttons connecting link is short.( Not adjusted properly)
• Adjust the push button link correctly.
• Latch of the mechanism Jammed because of dust.
• clean the latch of the mechanism.
• Problem 4: ACB is not tripping in case of overload or short circuit fault
• connection between C.T. and magneto thermal release is loose or open circuit.
• Tighten the terminals of C.T. in case of open circuit.
• Overload setting of magneto thermal release is more than actual load current.
• Make the overload setting of ACB as per actual current.
• Magneto thermal release linkage not adjusted properly.
• Connect the linkage of magneto thermal release to trip bar properly & ensure its tripping operation.
TROUBLE SHOOTING

• Problem 5: Main contacts of one of the pole of acb not closing

• Excessive dust accumulated in the pole assembly.
• Clean the pole assembly mechanism, remove grease and dust with brush & apply fresh grease.
• Nylon rollers of the pole assembly are not rotating smoothly.
• clean the nylon rollers and lubricate them.
• Pole connector setting disturbed.
• Consult the manufacturer of circuit breaker.
• Nylon rollers of the pole assembly are broken.
• Consult the manufacturer of circuit breaker.
• Problem 6: Pitting on main contacts
• Arcing contact gap is not adjusted properly.
• Adjust the gap of arcing contacts .
• Thickness of arcing contact is reduced below the specified limit. (> 0.5 mm)
• Replace both fixed and moving arcing contacts.
TROUBLE SHOOTING

7.EROSION ON ARCING CONTACTS

• A) Rough plates of arc chutes.
• a) Clean the plates and side insulating strips of arc chutes.
• b) Breaker is operated without arc chute in position.
• b) Always operate ACB with arc chute in position & keep the arc chutes clean.

8.BREAKER IS NOT RACKING IN THE CRADLE FREELY

• a) mechanical indicating assembly worn out.
• a) Replace the mechanical indicating assembly.
• b) shutter assembly is not properly set in the cradle.
• b) Fix the shutter assembly properly in the cradle.
• c) Secondary isolating contacts not matching properly.
• c) Match the fixed and moving isolation contacts properly .
• d) Dovel pin broken.
• d) Replace the dovel pin.
• e) Telescopic rail becomes jammed.
• e) Clean the telescopic rail . Remove dust, grease & relubricate it.
TROUBLE SHOOTING

9.OVERHEATING
• a) Poor termination ( High voltage drop across termination on ACB.)
• a) Clean the terminals and do proper retermination. Ensure that voltage drop within specified limits.
• b) Dusty atmosphere.
• b) Do periodic cleaning of circuit breaker.
• c) Use of undersized cable or bus bars.
• c) Use cables or bus bars of adequate rating.
• d) High ambient temperature.
• d) Reduce load current or select & install correct rating of ACB.

10.BREAKER IS NOT CHARGING WITH MOTOR

• a) Motor is not getting supply.
• a) Check the switch of motor. Replace it if it is damaged.
• b) Loose connections in isolating contacts.
• b) Fix the isolating contacts properly.
• c) Motor is burnt out.
• c) Replace the motor.
TROUBLE SHOOTING

• Problem 11: Breaker is not closing remotely

• Breaker is not in proper position
• Take the breaker in proper position.
• Closing coil is not getting supply.
• Check control circuit and ensure that coil gets supply.
• Closing coil burnt out or open circuited.
• Replace the closing coil.
QUESTIONS

• What is Air circuit breaker?

• An air circuit breaker is an electric protecting apparatus which is installed between an electric source and load units in
order to protect a load unit and a load line from an abnormal current generated on an electric circuit.
• Define Rupturing capacity, making capacity.
• Rupturing Capacity:- This expresses the current that the circuit breaker is capable of breaking at a given recovery
voltage under a certain set conditions of operation.
• Making Capacity:-It is the maximum fault current it can carry during closing of a breaker. It is always higher than the
breaking capacity. Breaking capacity for a three-phase circuit breaker = √3*I*V*10^-6 MVA
• What do you understand by commissioning?
• “Commissioning” is a collective term which basically means, to prove a system and verify that the system performs in a
manner consistent with the design intent .
 MAINTAINENCE & OPERATION

MAINTAINENCE
 Circuit breakers need periodic check up and maintenance for reliable .smooth
and trouble free operation .general recommendations are given below-
 Check main contacts,arcing contacts.look for any carbon deposits,metal beads
on surfaces or excessive roughness.dress up contacts with a file or replace as
necessary.
 Check oil level and its general condition. Replace if oil is carbonized or is not
of requisite strength.
 Remove dirt ,carbon etc. from insulators and other parts.presence of carbon and dirt
lowers the insulation resistance.
 Check and tighten all connections.
 Check operating mechanism.see that it is free and not sluggish
in operation.lubricate all bearings.look for signs of rust .
7. Check all relays for correct operation with a relay
testing set.
8. Look for signs of wear on the holding latches.replace
worn out parts.
Thank You