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Understanding Building Cladding Types

Building cladding serves both a decorative and functional purpose by covering the exterior of a structure and protecting it from outside elements while adding insulation. There are different types of cladding materials and installation systems. Common cladding materials include stone, metal, terracotta, glass, brick, timber, precast concrete, and mosaic tiles, each with their own unique properties and installation methods. The type of cladding used depends on factors like weather resistance, maintenance needs, aesthetic appeal, and building code requirements.

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894 views23 pages

Understanding Building Cladding Types

Building cladding serves both a decorative and functional purpose by covering the exterior of a structure and protecting it from outside elements while adding insulation. There are different types of cladding materials and installation systems. Common cladding materials include stone, metal, terracotta, glass, brick, timber, precast concrete, and mosaic tiles, each with their own unique properties and installation methods. The type of cladding used depends on factors like weather resistance, maintenance needs, aesthetic appeal, and building code requirements.

Uploaded by

Sampada Kumbhe
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
  • What is Cladding?
  • Installation Systems
  • Types of Cladding
  • Stone Cladding
  • Type of Fixings
  • Metal Cladding
  • Terracotta Cladding
  • Curtain Wall Cladding (Glass)
  • Brick Cladding
  • Timber Cladding
  • Pre-cast Concrete Cladding
  • Mosaic Cladding

WHAT IS CLADDING?

• Building cladding is the exterior skin, or envelope of a


building, and includes all moisture barriers and siding
materials used to cover the outside of the structure.

• Cladding can serve both a decorative and a functional


purpose. It is used to complement the architectural
style of the building while also offering protection from
rain, wind, snow, and other outside elements.

• Building cladding can also add insulation to the


structure while minimizing sound transmission through
the walls.
Installation systems
Attached System

• Has exterior cladding attached


directly to structural frame in
large panels which span one or
more stories or bays.
• Example: precast concrete or
steel-stud frames welded or
bolted to attachments built into
the structural frame.
• Primary advantage: ability to fully
insulate the exterior walls and
protect the structural frame from
deteriorating effects of weather.
Curtain Wall

• Similar to attached system


except it is attached to the
structural frame with clip
angles or sub-framing.
• Examples: metal or glass
walls which enclose most
modern skyscrapers. Also,
natural stones and light
weight precast panels.
• Primary advantage: standard
design requiring less time in
pre-construction and
manufacturing.
Infill system
• Cladding material is installed
between exterior floor slab edges
and the exposed exterior columns
of the structural frame being the
identifying feature.
• Example: pre-cast concrete,
masonry, glass or combination of
these.
• Primary advantage: installed from
the interiors without relying on
external scaffolding.
Types
Stone Cladding
• This helps to protect wall from being damaged.
• it is a strong product that does not need to get painted.
• It also provide an extra layer of insulation that makes it easier to keep a home cool or warm.
• Besides just sealing off a building from the weather, it can also keep water and humidity out of walls, and this is not always
true for a typical wood frame house with drywall on the inside. It may reduce the risk of having water seep through walls
• Brings a feel of natural style and elegance
• Uses thin layers of natural or stimulated stones
• Expensive, labour intensive and heavy.
Type of Fixings
Metal Cladding
Properties
1. Durability:
Aluminium building products are made from alloys, which are weather-proof, corrosion-
resistant and immune to the harmful effects of UV rays, ensuring optimal performance
over a very long serviceable lifetime.

2. Design flexibility:
The extrusion process offers an almost infinite range of forms and sections, allowing
designers to integrate numerous functions into one profile. Rolled products may be
manufactured flat, curved, shaped into cassettes, or sandwiched with other materials. In
addition, aluminium can be sawed, drilled, riveted, screwed, bent, welded and soldered in
the workshop or on the building site.

3. Hundreds of surface finishes:


Aluminium can be anodized or painted in any colour, to any optical effect, using any
number of surface touches, in order to meet a designer’s decorative needs. Such processes
also serve to enhance the material’s durability and corrosion resistance, as well as
providing an easy-to-clean surface.

4. Fire safety:
Aluminium does not burn and is therefore classed as a non-combustible construction
material. Aluminium alloys will nevertheless melt at around 650°C, but without releasing
harmful gases. Industrial roofs and external walls are increasingly made of thin aluminium
cladding panels, intended to melt during a major fire, allowing heat and smoke to escape
and thereby minimizing damage.
• Copper, another type of metal cladding
5. Strength to weight ratio: is used for its aesthetics alone.
They are light weight • Zinc is very expensive but aesthetically
eye-catching and durable. xxx
[Link]-corrosive and recyclable in nature
Aluminium composite panel (ACP), also
aluminium composite material (ACM), is a type of flat panel
that consists of two thin aluminium sheets bonded to a non-
aluminium core.. ACP is made from light weight aluminium
with hard insulation. Aluminum composite cladding is used
for exterior cladding, column covers, fascias and canopies,
interior wall and partition panels, parapets, louvers and
sunshades.

There are a wide range of possible infill panels


for curtain wall systems, including:
•Vision glass (which may be double or triple
glazed, may include low-e coatings, reflective
coatings and so on).
•Spandrel (non-vision) glass.
•Aluminium or other metals.
•Stone veneer.
•Fibre-reinforced plastic (FRP).
•Louvres or vents.
Terracotta Cladding
• It is 100% natural and recyclable
• It is durable
• It requires no maintenance
• It is frost-resistant
• It is non-combustible
• Because of its low-thermal diffusivity, it
contributes to a stable and comfortable
indoor temperature during summer
• It has natural sound absorption properties,
thus making it an effective noise attenuator.
• It comes in a wide variety of shades and
textures (sanded, glazed, grooved, etc.)
Curtain Wall Cladding (Glass)
Curtain wall systems are a non-
structural cladding systems for the external walls of
buildings.
Typically curtain wall systems comprise a lightweight
aluminium frame onto which glazed or opaque infill
panels can be fixed. These infill panels are often
described as 'glazing' whether or not they are made
of glass.
Brick Cladding
• For safety reasons, brick
cladding is not recommended
in seismically active areas,
where bricks could collapse
during an earthquake

• Brick cladding is designed to


shed and repel water so that
the water cannot reach the
internal framing of the
building. This reduces the risk
of damage to the framing
caused by mold and mildew. It
also keeps the interior dry and
pleasant.
Timber Cladding
Timber cladding is done in dry areas and hilly areas

Effective temperature insulator as it keeps the interior cool

Fitted by tongue and groove joints mostly

Requires thorough maintenance


Pre cast Concrete Cladding
GRC (GLASS FIBRE
REINFORCEMENT CEMENT
PANNELS)
• Inherent durability
• Chemical resistent
• Non combustible and will not corrode or rust
• Large thermal and moisture movement &
restricted ductility
Mosaic Cladding
• Small tiles plastered onto the
wall surface for aesthetic
appeal
• Has no insulation property
• Available in variety of colours

Common questions

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The choice of cladding material affects a building's structural requirements by influencing the weight loading and insulation needs. Heavier materials like stone or brick require stronger structural supports, whereas lighter materials like aluminum can reduce the load and offer more design flexibility. Aluminum allows for various forms and surface finishes, enabling designers to integrate multiple functions and aesthetics while maintaining performance .

Brick cladding enhances safety by shedding and repelling water to prevent mold and mildew, keeping the interior dry. Aesthetically, it offers a traditional and durable facade. However, brick cladding is unsuitable in seismically active areas because bricks can collapse during an earthquake, posing risks to building safety .

Timber cladding is environmentally sustainable due to its renewability, assuming it's sourced from managed forests. It effectively insulates against temperature variations when used in appropriate climates. Terracotta is 100% recyclable, requires no maintenance, and offers natural sound absorption, contributing to energy efficiency with low thermal diffusivity. Both materials are sustainable, but terracotta's durability and recyclability offer additional benefits .

Aluminum is suitable for building cladding due to its durability, design flexibility, and resistance to weather and corrosion. It is lightweight and has a high strength-to-weight ratio, making it ideal for tall structures. Aluminum can be manufactured in various forms and finished to enhance durability and aesthetics. However, during a major fire, aluminum cladding can melt to allow heat and smoke to escape, which might limit its use in fire-resistant applications .

Building cladding serves both a decorative and functional purpose. It complements a building’s architectural style and protects it from environmental factors such as rain, wind, and snow. Cladding can add insulation to a structure, reducing sound transmission through walls and minimizing water and humidity infiltration. These functions help in maintaining the structural integrity of the building and extending its lifespan by protecting the building from environmental damage .

Mosaic cladding is primarily used for its aesthetic appeal, offering a wide variety of colors to enhance a building's visual impact. Despite lacking insulation properties, mosaic tiles are chosen for decorative purposes, adding unique and customizable patterns that can elevate the architectural style of a building .

Terracotta cladding has low thermal diffusivity, which means it can resist changes in temperature and help keep indoor environments stable and comfortable during summer. This property allows terracotta to absorb less heat during the day and release it slowly, thereby preventing indoor temperatures from reaching uncomfortable levels .

Aluminum composite panels are non-combustible, as aluminum does not burn and only melts at high temperatures, releasing no harmful gases. This makes them suitable for high-rise building cladding. However, the melting of panels during a major fire is designed to allow heat and smoke to escape, which might not be ideal for fire containment and could impact evacuation strategies .

Infill systems install cladding material between exterior floor slab edges and expose exterior columns, allowing installation from within the building without scaffolding. Attached systems involve mounting cladding directly to the structural frame, providing full insulation to protect the frame. Curtain walls similarly attach cladding via sub-framing or clip angles but are prefabricated and installed as panels, requiring less planning .

Stone cladding provides excellent protection against environmental damage and offers additional insulation, contributing to energy efficiency. It presents a natural and elegant appearance and reduces the risk of water seepage through walls . However, stone cladding is expensive, labor-intensive, and heavy, which can increase the structural load and installation time, thus increasing the overall cost and resource requirements of the project .

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