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Microwave Heating: BY: Amit Singh

Microwave heating uses non-ionizing electromagnetic waves to generate heat within materials. It provides volumetric and uniform heating that is more efficient than conventional heating methods. Microwaves interact with polar molecules in materials through electric and magnetic fields, causing polarization and heat generation. The rate of heating depends on properties like dielectric constant and loss factor that are specific to each material. Microwave heating has applications in food processing, medical treatment, plastic welding, and more due to its rapid and uniform heating capabilities.

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Amit Singh
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225 views17 pages

Microwave Heating: BY: Amit Singh

Microwave heating uses non-ionizing electromagnetic waves to generate heat within materials. It provides volumetric and uniform heating that is more efficient than conventional heating methods. Microwaves interact with polar molecules in materials through electric and magnetic fields, causing polarization and heat generation. The rate of heating depends on properties like dielectric constant and loss factor that are specific to each material. Microwave heating has applications in food processing, medical treatment, plastic welding, and more due to its rapid and uniform heating capabilities.

Uploaded by

Amit Singh
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

MICROWAVE HEATING

BY:
AMIT SINGH
INTRODUCTION
 MW heating refers to use of non-ionizing electromagnetic
waves of certain frequencies to generate heat in material.

 The speed with which heating takes place contributes to


most to its rapid growth
Interaction of electromagnetic fields with materials

Food, oil,
water, wood
Absorption

Belts, trays,
Transmission dishes

Reflection
Applicators
waveguides
MECHANISM
• Microwave is comprised of electric and
magnetic fields oriented perpendicularly
• Due to electric field component in microwaves
the polarization in dielectric material takes
place.
MECHANISM CONT……
DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
•  Intrinsic electrical properties that affect behavior
of foods with EM fields:
• ε’ - The relative dielectric constant
• ε” - The dielectric loss factor
• ε”= ε’ Tan δ
• Tan δ is the phase shift between the
orientation of the molecules and the changing
electrical field
 The rate of heat generation per unit volume ( wm-3 )
Q=2Π f ε0 ε” E2

Where,
• E = Strength of electric field of the wave at that
location (volts / unit distance)
• F = is the frequency
• ε0 =The permittivity of free space (a physical constant)
• ε” = the dielectric loss factor .
PENETRATION EFFECT
CONVENTIONAL VS MICROWAVE HEATING..
 Surface heating  Volumetric heating
 Slow process
 Rapid heating
 Low thermal efficiency
 High thermal Efficiency
electric oven - 14%
mw oven-40%
gas oven - 7%
 Non-uniformity heating  Uniform Heating

 Moisture removal (80-90%)  Moisture removal (<20%)

 Low product quality (over heating,  Better quality product


case hardening)
APPLICATIONS
MICROWAVE OVEN
•Magnetron converts 50-60 Hz AC to higher frequency EMW
• Applicators waveguides, coaxial tube
Dielectric properties and penetration depth
(cm) of various foods @ 2,450 MHz
Material ε' ε” Tanδ Dp
Water (distilled, 25°C) 78.0 12.0 0.15 1.4
Ice (-12°C) 3.2 0.003 0.001 1160.0
Beef (cooked, 30°C) 30.5 9.6 0.31 1.1
Potato (raw, 25°C) 57.3 15.7 0.27 0.9
Potato (mashed, 30°C) 72.5 24.0 0.33 0.7
Wheat (20°C, 5% moisture) 3.3 0.50 0.15 7.1
Corn Oil (25°C) 2.5 0.14 0.06 21.9
Cottonseed Oil (20°C) 2.6 0.18 0.07 17.5
Butter (salted, 20°C) 4.6 0.60 0.13 6.9
Butter (unsalted, 20°C) 2.9 0.45 0.16 7.4
Bread Dough 22.0 9.00 0.41 1.0
Bread 4.6 1.20 0.26 3.5
APPLICATIONS CONT…..

• HYPERTHERMIA: MICROWAVES AS CANCER TREATMENT

Hyperthermia (or thermotherapy) is a cancer treatment


that involves heating tumor cells within the body

• PLASTIC WELDING

•VULCANIZATION OF RUBBER
APPLICATIONS CONT…..
• Drying system

Temperature profile
APPLICATIONS CONT…..

Sc h ema t ic o f t h e c o mb in ed mic r o w av e c o n v en t io n a l
d r y in g s ys t em

Air
Tuning screws
Blower
Power meters
Electrical Heaters

GENER
ATOR
Drying Mixing Fan
chamber

3-way circulator

Air Outlet
UNIQUENESS OF MICROWAVE HEATING TECHNOLOGY

 Speed: Processes taking hours by conventional means are

possible in few minutes by mw processing.


 Uniform volumetric heating: Heat is generated uniformly throughout

the entire substance

 Self regulating and differential heating

 Efficiency: Efficiency higher than 70%

 Instantaneous control

 Lower cost: Reduction in processing time thus saving energy and labour

 Compatibility with conventional heating: ( 100-300 % efficient )


LIMITATIONS OF MICROWAVE HEATING..

 High capital investment:


Initial cost of equipment is very high but has lower operating cost, and
increased output.

 More complex technology devices:


Requires skilled personnel for repair and operation.

 Mw radiation problem:
By proper shielding the radiation can be brought down to safer limit.
THANK YOU

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