REYES, JANELLA M.
• Some organizations give their managers
some discretion to choose which program to
use; other organizations mandate a
particular approach throughout the
company
• Participative management is used when a
company uses either an approach with
widespread application or a
sufficient number of programs
SELECTED TYPES OF
PARTICIPATIVE PROGRAMS
Suggestion
Quality Circles
Programs
Total Quality Self Managing
Management Teams
Employee
ownership
plans
Suggestion Programs
are formal plans to
invite individual
employees to
recommend work
improvements
(e.g. cost savings)
limited to individual
initiative instead of
group problem solving
SELECTED TYPES OF
PARTICIPATIVE PROGRAMS
Suggestion
Quality Circles
Programs
Total Quality Self Managing
Management Teams
Employee
ownership
plans
Quality Emphasis
Firms have organized group of workers
and their managers into committees to
consider and solve job problems
Popular approaches for this are Quality
Circles and Total Quality Management
Quality Emphasis:
Quality Circles
Voluntary groups that
receive training in statistical
techniques and problem
solving skills to improve
productivity and working
conditions
Meet regularly and
generate solutions
Key to Successful Quality
Circles
Use them for measurable, short tem
problems
Obtain continuous support from
management
Apply the group’s skills to problems
Train supervisors in facilitating skills
SELECTED TYPES OF
PARTICIPATIVE PROGRAMS
Suggestion
Quality Circles
Programs
Total Quality Self Managing
Management Teams
Employee
ownership
plans
Quality Emphasis: TQM
An approach which gets employee
involved in the process of searching for
continuous improvements
Employees are provided with extensive
training in problem solving, group
decision making, and statistical method
SELECTED TYPES OF
PARTICIPATIVE PROGRAMS
Suggestion
Quality Circles
Programs
Total Quality Self Managing
Management Teams
Employee
ownership
plans
Self-Managing Teams
Sometimes called semi-autonomous
work groups or sociotechnical teams
Natural work groups that are given a
large degree of decision-making autonomy
SELECTED TYPES OF
PARTICIPATIVE PROGRAMS
Suggestion
Quality Circles
Programs
Total Quality Self Managing
Management Teams
Employee
ownership
plans
Employee Ownership Plans
Employees provides the capital to
purchase control of an existing
operation
Important Considerations in
Participation
Labor Union Attitudes toward
Participation
These union leaders preferred to remain
aloof, having freedom to express
disagreement with management and to
challenge it anytime
Limitations of Participation
Theory X beliefs to managers
P
A
Lack of Support from Higher Levels R
T
Managerial fear of lost
Power I
Status C
Control I
Lack of adequate training for P
Employees A
Managers
T
Problems encountered in early I
stages
O
Substantial efforts needed to N
implement
Managerial Concerns about
Participation
Difficulty of some managers to adjust to
their new roles in a high involvement
system
Lack of preparation either managers or
employees
Shift manager’s role from judge and critic
to partners with employees
Essence of servant leadership places the
needs of others above one’s own self
Managerial Concerns about Participation
Servant Leader’s Key Behavior
They listen actively
They treat others with respect
They seek to engage in dialogue and often
paraphrase to ensure understanding
They affirm the worth and contributions
of each participant
They are willing to admit mistakes and ask
for help
THANK YOU!
