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Types and Design of Basements

Basements provide additional space without changing the appearance of the building above ground. There are several types of basements including semi, shallow, and deep, depending on how many walls and floors are underground. Factors like soil conditions, climate, drainage, and structural stability must be considered when designing a basement. Proper ventilation, insulation, waterproofing and lighting are also important to implement. Overall, basements can increase usable space but require careful planning and construction.

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Meshari Fahim
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273 views15 pages

Types and Design of Basements

Basements provide additional space without changing the appearance of the building above ground. There are several types of basements including semi, shallow, and deep, depending on how many walls and floors are underground. Factors like soil conditions, climate, drainage, and structural stability must be considered when designing a basement. Proper ventilation, insulation, waterproofing and lighting are also important to implement. Overall, basements can increase usable space but require careful planning and construction.

Uploaded by

Meshari Fahim
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
  • Introduction to Basements
  • Types of Basements
  • Placement Considerations
  • Choosing the Adequate Type of Basement
  • Uses of Basements
  • Designing Basements
  • Factors Affecting Basement Construction
  • Light and Ventilation
  • Basement Heights
  • Drainage Systems
  • Fire Safety and Stair Design
  • Ventilation Basics
  • Thermal Insulation and Waterproofing
  • Additional Notes

BASEMENTS

BASEMENT ?
It’s the best way to increase space capacity
without changing/impacting the
appearance or area of the building
BASEMENT IS A STOREY OR MULTIPLE STOREYS
CONSTRUCTED PARTIALLY OR ENTIRELY BELOW
GROUND
TYPES OF BASEMENTS
SEMI BASEMENTS – SINGLE STOREY UPTO 3 WALLS CONSTRUCTED PARTIALLY OR ENTIRELY UNDERGROUND
SHALLOW BASEMENT – ONE STOREY ENTIRELY BELOW GROUND
DEEP BASEMENT- MORE THAN ONE STOREY ENTIRELY BELOW GROUND
PLACEMENTS OF BASEMENTS

1) 1M AWAY FROM SITE BOUNDRIES


2) DEPENDS ON FOOTPRINT AND FAR
(FLOOR AREA RATIO )
3) COST AND SOIL CONDITION
CHOOSING ADEQUATE TYPE OF BASEMENTS
DEPENDS ON CONTEXT , PROJECT FUNCTION AND SPECIAL NEEDS
CHOOSING A USE FOR BASEMENT
MOST EFFECTIVE BASEMENT OPTION IS A SIMPLE UTILITY BASEMENT WITH NO WINDOWS ,DOORS OR
OPENINGS ,IDEAL FOR PLANT ROONS , WORKSHOPS WINE CELLAR ETC.

BUT MORE HABITABLE AND LIT UP BASEMENTS CAN BE USED WITH A LITTLE WITH OF EXESSIVE COST LIKE
BEDROOMS ,GAMEROOMS ETC.
DESIGNING BASEMENTS
ITS ALWAYS BEST TO DECEIDE IN THE INITIAL STAGE WEHTER OR NOT YOU ARE INCLUDING A BASEMENT
AND THINK ABOUT ITS FUNCTION AND PURPOSE BEFORE HAND TO GET BEST OUTCOME INTERMS OF
USUAGE AND STRUCTURAL STABILITY
FACTORS AFFECTING THE CONSTRUCTION OF BASEMENTS
CLIMATE

1) COLDER FREEZING CLIMATES THE WATER


LEVELS PLAY A BIG ROLE THE BUILDING
SHOULD BE BELOW THE FROST LINE OR
WATER TABLE OR WHEN IT FREEZES IT CAN
UPLIFT THE BUILDING OR CAUSE STRUCTURAL
DAMAGE , BASEMENTS ARE FEASIBLE
BECAUSE OF DEEPER FOUNDATIONS IN THIS
CLIMATE

2) IN WARMER CLIMATES DON’T MAKE SENSE


UNLESS FOR SPECIFIC FUNCTION OR SLOPING

1) WALKOUT BASEMENTS ARE BASEMENTS


PRESENT IN SLOPES AND ALSO WHICH CAN
ALLOW FOR EXTERNAL WINDOWS AND
DOORS
LIGHT
THE MAIN CHALLENGE IN BASEMENTS IS LIGHT AND VENTILATION ,
THEREFORE ONE MUST TRY T BRING MUCH LIGHT AS POSSIBLE

SOME METHODS CAN BE :


1) INCORPORATE LIGHT WELLS IN SOUTHERN ELEVATIONS
2)Consider a sunken courtyard garden, with glass doors accessing it
3)Design a large open plan stairwell through the entire building, lit
from above by a large rooflight
4)An open plan layout allows daylight to reach throughout the
basement
5)Glass partition walls, glazed or partially glazed doors, and glazed
toplights above doors allow light to permeate between spaces
6)Where a basement extends beneath the garden, flat rooflights are
a great way to bring in light
7) NEUTRAL COLOURS TO BE USED
BASEMENT HEIGHTS
REGULATIONS SPECIFY A MINIMUM HEIGHT OF 2400MM BUT WHEN YOU CONSTRUCT OR DESIGN A
BASEMENT IS ALWAYS BETTER TO HAVE A HIGHER CEILING HEIGHT OF CLEARANCE ATLEAST 3000MM TO
ENHANCE THE SPACE AND GIVE PROVISIONS FOR SERVICES
DRAINAGE
NORMALLY THIS RELIES ON GRAVITY BUT IN BASEMENTS SEWER LEVEL WILL BE ABOVE THE SLAB THUS THEY
NEED TO COLLECT FOUL WATER IN A SUMP , WHICH IS PARTIALLY WITHIN THE SLAB OR HOLE CASTED INTO
THE SLAB IN A GRADIENT 1:80
FIRE

ITS USED IN HABITABLE PURPOSED BASEMENTS , AN EXTERNAL DOOR OR WINDOWS NEEDS TO BE


AVAILABLE ALLOWING EASY EXIT OF PEOPLE OFF THE BASEMENT , ALTERNATIVELY A STAIRWAY CAN BE
PROVIDED

STAIRS
SHOULD HAVE A CLEARANCE OF 2M IN HEADROOM AND ANGLE NOTHING MORE THAN 42 DEGREES
VENTILATION
MOST COMMON SOLUTION USED IS MECHANICAL VENTILATION UNLESS SUFFICIENT EXTERNAL DOORS AND
WINDOWS ARE PROVIDED , TOP OPENINGS ETC
THERMAL INSULATION AND WATER PROOFING
SHOULD BE PROVIDED IN EXTERNAL WALLS IS MUST AND INTERNAL WALLS IF NECESSARY THIS CAN BE
ACHIVED ADDING WATERPROOFING MEMBRANES DPM DPC’S AND INSULATION SUCH AS FOAM , AND
OTHER POROUS MATERIALS

ADD A WATERPROOFING
IMAGE
RAVEENA ADD THE GRADIENTS OF CARPARKS
AND HUMAN THINGYS

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