Information technology
Infrastructure
Unit II
What is hardware?
What is software?
What are the evolution of
computers?
What are the different software u
know?
What are the different operating
system?
List out the current technologies?
Evolution of computer
What is called it infrastructure?
What is grid computing?
What is called virtualization?
What do u mean by virtual class
room?
What is cloud computing?
Grid computing
Connects geographically remote
computers into a single network to
combine processing power and create
virtual supercomputer
Provides cost savings, speed, agility
Virtualization
Allows single physical resource to
act as multiple resources (i.e., run
multiple instances of OS)
Reduces hardware and power
expenditures
Facilitates hardware centralization
Cloud computing
On-demand (utility) computing
services obtained over network
Infrastructure as a service
Platform as a service
Software as a service
Cloud can be public or private
Allows companies to minimize IT
investments
Drawbacks: Concerns of security,
reliability
What are the different server we have for
cloud?
Blade server
Tower server
Rack server
Operating system?
ZEROPC
JOLICLOUD
GLIDEOS
SILVEOS
Etc..
CLIENT SERVER
DATA STORAGE
REDUCTION IN INTERNET
COST
IT Infrastructure has 7 main
components
1. Computer hardware platforms
2. Operating system platforms
3. Enterprise software applications
4. Data management and storage
5. Networking/telecommunications
platforms
6. Internet platforms
7. Consulting system integration
services
IT INFRASTRUCTURE
COMPONENTS
Computer hardware platforms
Client machines
Desktop PCs, mobile devices PDAs,
laptops
Servers
Blade servers: ultrathin computers stored
in racks
Mainframes:
IBM mainframe equivalent to thousands of
blade servers
Top chip producers: AMD, Intel, IBM
Top firms: IBM, HP, Dell, Sun
Microsystems
Operating system platforms
Operating systems
Server level: 75% run Windows; 25% run
Unix or Linux
Client level:
90% run Microsoft Windows (XP, 2000, CE,
etc.)
Handheld device OSs (Android, iPhone OS)
Cloud computing OSs (Googles Chrome OS)
Data management and storage
Database software:
IBM (DB2), Oracle, Microsoft (SQL
Server), Sybase (Adaptive Server
Enterprise), MySQL
The emerging mobile digital platform
Cell phones, smart phones (BlackBerry,
iPhone)
Have assumed data transmission, Web
surfing, e-mail and IM duties
Net books:
Small, low-cost lightweight notebooks
optimized for wireless communication
and core computing tasks
Tablets (IPad)
Networked e-readers
Linux and open-source software
Open-source software: Produced by community
of programmers, free and modifiable by user
Linux: Open-source software OS
Software for the Web
Java:
Object-oriented programming language
Operating system, processor-independent
Ajax
Asynchronous JavaScript and XML
Allows client and server to exchange small
pieces of data without requiring the page to be
reloaded
Web Services
Software components that exchange
information using Web standards and
languages
XML: Extensible Markup Language
More powerful and flexible than HTML
Tagging allows computers to process data
automatically
SOAP: Simple Object Access Protocol
Rules for structuring messages enabling
applications to pass data and
instructions
WSDL: Web Services Description Language
Framework for describing Web service and
Software outsourcing and cloud
services
Three external sources for software:
1. Software packages and enterprise software
2. Software outsourcing (domestic or
offshore)
Domestic:
Primarily for middleware, integration
services, software support
Offshore:
Primarily for lower level maintenance,
data entry, call centers, although
outsourcing for new-program development
is increasing
3. Cloud-based software services
Software as a service (SaaS)
Accessed with Web browser over
Internet
Ranges from free or low-cost services
for individuals to business and
enterprise software
Users pay on subscription or pertransaction
E.g. [Link]
Service Level Agreements (SLAs):
formal agreement with service
providers
CHANGING
SOURCES OF FIRM
SOFTWARE
In 2010, U.S. firms will
spend over $265
billion on software.
About 40 percent of
that ($106 billion)
will originate
outside the firm,
either from
enterprise software
vendors selling firm
wide applications or
individual
application service
providers leasing or
selling software
modules.
Another 10 percent
($10 billion) will be
provided by SaaS
vendors as an
online cloud-based
service.
Software outsourcing and cloud
services (cont.)
Mashups
Combinations of two or more online
applications, such as combining mapping
software (Google Maps) with local content
Apps
Small pieces of software that run on the
Internet, on your computer, or on your
cell phone
iPhone, BlackBerry, Android
Generally delivered over the Internet
Dealing with platform and
infrastructure change
As firms shrink or grow, IT needs to be
flexible and scalable
Scalability:
Ability to expand to serve larger
numbers of users
For mobile computing and cloud computing
New policies and procedures for managing
these new platforms
Contractual agreements with firms
Making wise infrastructure
investments
Amount to spend on IT is complex question
Rent vs. buy, outsourcing
Total cost of ownership (TCO) model
Analyzes direct and indirect costs
Hardware, software account for only about 20%
of TCO
Other costs: Installation, training, support,
maintenance, infrastructure, downtime, space
and energy
TCO can be reduced through use of cloud
services, greater centralization and
standardization of hardware and software
resources
Competitive forces model for IT
infrastructure investment
1. Market demand for firms services
2. Firms business strategy
3. Firms IT strategy,
infrastructure, and cost
4. Information technology assessment
5. Competitor firm services
6. Competitor firm IT infrastructure
COMPETITIVE FORCES MODEL FOR IT
INFRASTRUCTURE
