A PRESENTATION ON
DOORS & WINDOWS
DOORS
Doors may be defined as an
openable barrier secured in a wall
opening. It is provided to give an
access to inside of a room.
It consists of two parts:1. Door frame
2. Door shutter
WINDOW
A WINDOW is also a vented barrier
secured in a wall opening. The
function of the window is to admit
light and air to the building and to
give a view to the outside.
WINDOW consists of two parts:1. Window frame
2. Window shutter
SOME TECHNICAL TERMS
FRAME:- It is an assembly of
horizontal and vertical
members, forming an
enclosure,to which the shutters
are fixed
SHUTERS:-These are the
openable parts of a door or
window.
HEAD:-This is the top or
uppermost horizontal part of
frame
SILL:-This is the lowest
or bottom horizontal part
of a window frame, not
provided in door frames.
HORN:- These are the
horizontal projections of
a frame..
REBATE :- It is the
depression or recess
made inside the door
frame to receive the
door shutter.
LOCATION OF DOORS &
WINDOWS
The number of should be kept minimum
The location of door & window should meet functional
requirements of the room.
The door should not be kept in the centre of the wall.
The window should be located in opposite wall, facing
a door or another window, to achieve cross ventilation.
From the point of view of fresh air, a window should be
located on the northern side of of a room.
The sill should be located about 70 t0 80 cm about
floor level of the room.
TYPES OF DOORS
Types of doors mainly classified on the basis ofArrangement of components
Method or menner of construction
Working operations
Metal doors
On the basis of arrangement of
components:This includes four types:1. Battened & ledged doors
2. Battened, ledged and braced doors
3. Battened, ledged and framed doors
4. Battened, ledged,braced and framed doors
Battened & ledged doors
These doors consist of
vertical boards called
battens which are
nailed or screwed to
the horizontal
members, called
ledges . Often the
battens are a-bout 15
to 18 cm wide and 2
to 3 cm thick. Doors
made with narrow
battens like these
have a better
appearance.
Battened, ledged and braced doors
This is a ledged and
battened door to which
braces have been added
to prevent sagging.
These braces must slope
upwards from the hinge
edge of the door, and
they are housed with a
skew notch into the
ledges.
Battened, Ledged & Framed
Doors
It is improved
version of battened
and ledged doors
with provision of
frame. Two vertical
members known as
styles are provided
Battened, Ledged ,
Braced & Framed Doors
Same as above with
extra braces.
Framed & Panelled Door
These doors consist of a
frame made up of stiles (a),
a top rail (b), a bottom rail
(c) and sometimes an
intermediate rail (d). into
this framework a plywood
panel (e) is fitted. This
panel may fit into a groove
or a rebate.
Glazed or Sash Doors
These are provided
where the visibility of
the interior of the
room is required.
Flush Doors
The flush door with a
framed core is a type of
door that we frequently
make in Rural Building.
This door consists of a
frame which has stiles, top
and bottom rails, and
narrow intermediate rails.
It is covered on each side
by a sheet of plywood
Plywood-covered flush
doors cannot be used
where they will be exposed
to rain and sun.
Louvered Doors
These permit free
ventilation through
them and at the same
time maintain the
privacy of the room.
Wire gauged doors
Wire gauge or fly proof
door shutters are fixed
to provide free air
circulation and
prevent mosquitoes,
flies, insects etc.
from entering into
the building.
Revolving Doors
These are
provided only at
public places to
provide entrance
to one and exit to
the other person.
Sliding Doors
A sliding door is a type
of door which opens
horizontally by sliding,
whereby the door is
either mounted on or
suspended from a track
Swing Doors
A door that swings on a
double hinge; opens in
either direction
Collapsible Steel Doors
Mainly provided in
godowns, workshop,
public windows and
etc.
Rolling Steel Shutter Door
A roller shutter, roller door
or sectional overhead door
is a type of door or
window shutter consisting of
many horizontal slat hinged
together. The door is raised to
open it and lowered to close
it. On large doors, the action
may be motorized. It provides
protection against wind and
rain.
Mild Steel Sheet Door
Mainly provided in
godowns, workshop,
public windows and etc.
It is quite strong.
Corrugated Steel Doors
Exactly same as the above
type, except that corrugated
steel sheets are welded to
shutter frame instead of MI
sheets.
Hollow Metal Doors
Appearance as
wooden door but have
more strength.
Metal Covered Plywood Door
These are composite doors
of plywood and mild steel
and are reasonably fire
proof.
Windows
A window is comprised of two parts:1. Window Frame
2. Sashes or Shutter Frame
Fixed windows
A window that cannot
be opened, whose
function is limited to
allowing light to enter.
This type of window is
used in situations
where light or vision
alone is needed as no
ventilation is possible
through fixed windows
Pivoted Window
A window having a
section which is pivoted
near the center so that
the top of the section
swings in and the
bottom swings out.
Double hung windows
A window with two
parts that overlap
slightly and slide up
and down inside the
frame. The two parts
are not necessarily the
same size.
Sliding Windows
Their shutters move
either horizontally or
vertically.
Casement Window
A casement window to
its frame by one or more
hinges.. They are used
singly or in pairs within
a common frame.
Sash Window
A sash window or
hung sash window
is made of one or
more movable panels
or "sashes" that form
a frame to hold panes
of glass, which are
often separated from
other panes (or
"lights") by narrow
muntins
Louvred Window
A louver is a window,
blind with horizontal
slats that are angled to
admit light and air, but
to keep out rain, direct
sunshine, and noise. The
angle of the slats may
be adjustable, usually in
blinds and windows, or
fixed.
Metal Windows
Metal windows, made up
of mild steel having
lesser cost and more
strength.
Bay Window
A multi-panel
window, with at least
three panels set at
different angles to
create a protrusion
from the wall line.
Clere Storey Window
These are provided in a
room which has greater
ceiling height than the
surrounding rooms
Corner Window
This type of window
has two faces in
perpendicular
directions and these
are provided in the
corner of room.
Dormer window
Dormer window is a
window provided on the
sloping roof as shown in
fig.
Gable Window
It is a vertical window
provided in the gable
end of a pitched roof.
Lantern Window
Such windows
are provided
over the flat roof,
to provide more
light and air to
the inner room.
The windows
project above
the roof level.
Ventilators
Ventilators are small
windows, fixed at a
greater height than the
window, generally about
30 t0 50 cm below roof
level.
INSTALLING DOOR FRAMES
Frames which are improperly built-in can
cause problems later, when the plastering is
done or the doors are hung. Therefore we
must give special attention to setting the
frames properly.
A door frame should be fixed in such a way
that the door can open flat to the wall.
Otherwise, the door will form a lever to the
frame, and the hinges will be forced out when
the door swings wide open suddenly.
Door frames can be fixed in position either
INSTALLING WINDOW
FRAMES
Installing window frames is similar to
installing door frames (see Door Frames
section). A window frame should be fixed in
such a way that the casement can open flat
to the wall, otherwise the casement will forui
a lever with the edge of the wall. This can
cause the hinges to be forced out when the
window is blown open by the wind.
Window frames can be installed either during
the construction of the walls, or after the
walling has been completed.
