CAREER POINT UNIVERSITY
KOTA(RAJ.)
TOPIC AC SARVO MOTOR BY USING
CONTROL SYSTEM
SUBMITTED BY
NAME Sunil kumar
dadarwal
BRANCH Civil (5th sem.)
UID - K10151
SUBMATTED TO
Ravindra Kumar meena sir
B. TECH, M. TECH FROM IIT
MUMBAI
Ass. Prof. Of CPU
CONTENTS :
INTRODUCTION
COMPONENTS
SERVO SYSTEM
SERVO MOTOR AND ITS TYPES
CONSTRACTION
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
Introduction of Control
Systems
Every activity in our day to day life is
influenced by some sort of control
system. Control systems are now
integral
parts
of
modern
industrialization, industrial processes
and home appliances. Hence the
control systems and its components
plays very important role in our daily
life. In this lecture we will study the
various control components.
A control system consisting of interconnected components is
designed to achieve a desired purpose. To understand the purpose
of a control system, it is useful to examine examples of control
systems through the course of history. These early systems
incorporated many of the same ideas of feedback that are in use
today.
Modern control engineering practice includes the use of control
design strategies for improving manufacturing processes, the
efficiency of energy use, advanced automobile control, including
rapid transit, among others.
We also discuss the notion of a design gap. The gap exists between
the complex physical system under investigation and the model
used in the control system synthesis.
The iterative nature of design allows us to handle the design gap
effectively while accomplishing necessary tradeoffs in complexity,
performance, and cost in order to meet the design specifications.
4
Control Components
There are various types of control
components
1. Error Detectors
2. Potentiometers
3. Synchros
4. AC & DC Techogenerators
5. AC & DC Servomotors
6. Stepper Motors
7. Magnetic Amplifiers
5
Servo System
A closed-loop motion system using a
current
amplifier,
servo
controller,
servomotor and a position feedback device
such as an encoder to precisely control
speed and position of a load.
The MOTOR can be electric, hydraulic,
pneumatic or even internal combustion.
The FEEDBACK sensor can be mechanical
or electronic, analog or digital and it can be
rotary or linear
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A Basic Servo System
The Feedback device can
be Relative or Absolute.
A servo controller
with external
input
Motor connected
to a feedback
device
Is a closed loop
system
How might this
system work?
7
Servomotors
The servo system is the one, in which
the output is some mechanical variable
such
as
position,
velocity
or
acceleration. The motors used in the
servo systems are called servomotors.
These motors are usually coupled to
the output shaft for power matching.
There are two types of servo motors
AC Servomotors
DC Servomotors
8
Wound Armature PM Motor
Armature contains wound coils
Current is supplied by brushes
Pole pieces are made of permanent
magnets
Typically 2 or 4-pole structure
Similar characteristics to a DC shunt
motor
Moving Coil Motor
The stator field is provided with 8
pairs of permanent magnets
Arranged to provide alternating
magnetic fields
The armature is made of thin disc of
fiberglass laminated with copper
conductors
10
Moving Coil Operation
11
AC Servo Motors
Controlled by AC command signals
applied to the coils
AC Brushless Servo Motor
Operates on the same principle as
single-phase induction motor
12
AC Brushless Servo Motor
Two windings
Main winding
Auxiliary winding
Electronic drive provides the necessary phase
shift for motor operation
13
Stepper Motors
Conventional servo motors are
classified as continuous rotation
motors
Stepper motors rotate through a
specific number of degrees, or steps,
then stop
Each incoming pulse results in the
shaft turning a specific angular
distance
Stepper motors can control velocity,
distance, and direction of mechanical
14
Stepper Motor Terminology
Stepping Rate - maximum number of
steps the motor can make in one
second
Step Angle - number of degrees per
arc the motor moves per step
Step angle is determined by the number
of rotor teeth and stator poles used
15
Stepper Motor Speed
Stepper motor speed depends
upon the step angle and stepping
rate
YxS
n =
6
n = Speed in RPM
Y = Step angles in
degrees
S = Steps per second
6 = Formula constant
16
Microstepping
Stepper motors tend to jerk at low
speeds
Stepper motors have limited
resolution
Microstepping overcomes these
problems
Uses simulated sine waves that
increment or decrement in small
steps called microsteps
17
Microstepper Operation
18
Rotor
Stator
Outside Casing
Coils
Stator
Rotor
1
N
2
Internal components of a Stepper Motor
19
Cross Section of a Stepper
Motor
Stators
S
N
2
S
N
Rotor
20
Winding number 1
1
a
N
6 pole rotor
N
2
Winding number 2
a
One
step
N
2
S
1
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Advantages / Disadvantages
Advantages -:
Low cost for control achieved
Ruggedness
Simplicity of construction
Can operate in an open loop control
system
Low maintenance
Less likely to stall or slip
Will work in any environment
22
Disadvantages:Require a dedicated control circuit
Use more current than D.C. motors
High torque output achieved at low speeds
23
THANK
YOU
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