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Understanding Pressure and Thermal Equilibrium

1) The document discusses the concepts of pressure, thermal equilibrium, heat transfer, resistance, and efficiency. It provides example calculations and explanations of these concepts. 2) Key points covered include the definitions of pressure and thermal equilibrium. Methods for calculating temperature given heat transfer are shown. Resistance increases with temperature, and characteristics that affect bulb filament resistance are outlined. 3) Example calculations determine pressure, temperature, resistance, heat loss, and efficiency. Suggested characteristics for different applications like vacuum cleaners and light bulbs are provided along with explanations.

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Simon Olson
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132 views10 pages

Understanding Pressure and Thermal Equilibrium

1) The document discusses the concepts of pressure, thermal equilibrium, heat transfer, resistance, and efficiency. It provides example calculations and explanations of these concepts. 2) Key points covered include the definitions of pressure and thermal equilibrium. Methods for calculating temperature given heat transfer are shown. Resistance increases with temperature, and characteristics that affect bulb filament resistance are outlined. 3) Example calculations determine pressure, temperature, resistance, heat loss, and efficiency. Suggested characteristics for different applications like vacuum cleaners and light bulbs are provided along with explanations.

Uploaded by

Simon Olson
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Paper 2 / section b

Suggested answer
9 (a) (i) 1 Pressure is defined as force per unit area
P=F/A, where F= force, A=area
(ii) 1
1
1
Depth of singking in Diagram 9.1 is deeper than in
Diagram 9.2
The weight/load of the man in Diagram 9.2 and
Diagram 9.1 is equal
Area of contact with the sand in Diagram 9.2 is
larger than in Diagram 9.1
(iii) 1
1
The depth of sinking increases, pressure increases
As the area of contact increases, the pressure
exerted decreases
5
Section B Problem Solving Qualitative (Question 9)
9 (b) 1

1

1

1

The fan blows /remove/push/force air out the
vents

Produce a partial vacuum area in the vacuum
cleaner/low pressure

Atmospheric pressure is higher than the pressure
inside the vacuum cleaner/Difference in pressure


Push the dirt into the vacuum
4
Question 9
Suggestion Rationale
1
Type of fluid
Oil
2 Incompressible/ No air
bubble/Cannot be
compress/water produce air
bubble

Any 5
correct
3
Characteristic of fluid
High boiling point/ Low
density/ High viscosity
4
Does not change to gases state
easily/lighter/Less
friction/Does not evaporate
easily
5
Size of the master piston
Small
6
To produce high pressure/small
force used
7
Size of slave piston
Big
8
To produce a big force on the
disc/ Force is directly
proportional to area
9
Material for fluid
transmission pipe
Plastic/ Aluminium / Steel
10 Strong/ Does not break
easily/Does not rust easily/
Non corrosive/withstand
temperature/prevent leakage
TOTAL 10
9 (c)
11 (a) (i) 1 Two bodies are said to be in thermal equilibrium
when
Both bodies are at the same temperature/ The net
heat flow between the two bodies is zero/
There is no net heat flow between them
(ii) 1
1
1

1
Heat flows from hot water to thermometer
Achieve thermal equilibrium
Temperature of water is the same as temperature
shown by thermometer
No more heat flows at 100
o
C
4
Section C (Decision Making Skill) ( Section C: Question 11 )
11 (b) 1

1
1

1

Heat released by M = Heat absorbed by water



Substitution:
(0.5) (800)(100-T)= (0.2)(4200)(T-30)



T= 52.58
o
C

Note: no e.c.f
4
(ii) 1 No heat is lost to the surrounding
Question 11
11 (c)
Characteristics Explanation
Hollow plastic stopper Bad conductor of heat /Reduce
heat loss/bad conductor/good
insulator/reduce heat escape to
the surrounding/Trapped air
Space X is vacuum Prevent heat lost from the sides
through convection/heat cannot
travel through vaccum
Double walled tube made of glass High specific heat capacity/
Becomes hot very slowly
Double walled tube coated by shiny
paint
Reflect heat from the wall of
thermos flask/not absorb heat
The most suitable is W Because
Hollow plastic stopper, space X
is vacuum, double walled tube
made of glass and coated by
shiny paint
12 (a) (i) 1
Work done in moving one coulomb of charge from
one point to another /

Energy dissipated per unit charge by the resistor /
V= E/Q, E= work done, Q= quantity of charge
(b) (ii) 1
1

1
When I increases, V increases

The resistance increases

Because temperature increases
(iii) 1 Decrease
Section C (Decision Making Skill) ( Section C: Question 12 )
12 (c)
Characteristics Explanation
Shape of filament wire
Coiled
So that a very long wire can be
fitted inside the glass bulb to
give out a bright light /
High resistance
Thickness of the filament wire
Thin
To give more resistance per unit
length/
More heat
Type of wire
Tungsten
Has high melting point/
Does not break easily
Pressure in the bulb
Low pressure
The bulb will not burst/explode
after for a long time
The most suitable is R Because
Coiled , thin wire, nitrogen at
low pressure
11 (d) (i)
1

1
Correct substitution
I= P/V
= 11/240
=0.046 A/ 0.05 A
(ii) 1

Heat loss= 11J -10 J=1J
(III)

1

1
Efficiency = Power output x 100%
Power input
= 10 x 100%
11
= 90.91%
5
Question 12 (d)

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