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Research Methods for Academics

This document discusses statistical tools for research methods. It identifies both descriptive and inferential statistics as necessary tools. Descriptive statistics include graphs, tables, and averages to summarize data, while inferential statistics such as t-tests, z-tests, ANOVA, correlation, and regression are used to test hypotheses. Both univariate and multivariate techniques are covered, including how to select the appropriate test based on the scale and independence of variables. Examples of software that can perform statistical analysis are also provided.

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Venkat GV
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111 views15 pages

Research Methods for Academics

This document discusses statistical tools for research methods. It identifies both descriptive and inferential statistics as necessary tools. Descriptive statistics include graphs, tables, and averages to summarize data, while inferential statistics such as t-tests, z-tests, ANOVA, correlation, and regression are used to test hypotheses. Both univariate and multivariate techniques are covered, including how to select the appropriate test based on the scale and independence of variables. Examples of software that can perform statistical analysis are also provided.

Uploaded by

Venkat GV
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

FDP on Research Methods

Statistical Tools
[Link],
PhD (Statistics), MPhil, MSc, MBA, PGDCA

PSG Institute of Management

jsekkizhar@[Link]

PSGIM [Link]

How many Tools are necessary for a good research?

PSGIM [Link]

Statistical tools?
Descriptive statistics

Graphs Tables Averages,etc Estimation Testing of hypothesis

Inferential statistics

PSGIM [Link]

Uni or Bi Variate Techniques

Metric Data One Sample * t test * Z test Two or More Samples

Non-numeric Data Two or More Samples

One Sample * * * * * Frequency Chi-Square K-S Runs Binomial Independent * * * * * Chi-Square Mann-Whitney Median K-S K-W ANOVA

Independent * Two- Group t test * Z test * One-Way ANOVA

Related * Paired t test *Correlati on *Regressi on

Related * Sign * Wilcoxon signed rank * McNemar * Chi-Square

PSGIM [Link]

Multivariate Techniques
Dependence Technique One Dependent Variable * CrossTabulation * Analysis of Variance and Covariance * Multiple Regression * Conjoint Analysis More Than One Dependent Variable * Multivariate Analysis of Variance and Covariance * Canonical Correlation * Multiple Discriminant Analysis Interdependence Technique Variable Interdependence * Factor Analysis Interobject Similarity * Cluster Analysis * Multidimensional Scaling

PSGIM [Link]

PSGIM [Link]

ANOVA/t
Nature of the

Regress/correl

Discriminant

Chi-sqr

dependent
variables

Metric

Metric

Categorical

Categorical

Nature of the

independent Categorical
variables

Metric

Metric

Categorical

PSGIM [Link]

Statistical hypotheses
Comparison Relationships

PSGIM [Link]

Comparison tools
One sample t test Paired sample t test Independent (Two) sample t test Levine's F test ANOVA (F) test etc

PSGIM [Link]

Relationship tools
Association of attributes Correlation Regression etc.

PSGIM [Link]

Parametric
Large Small sample sample Univariate
Z test t, Chisqr

Non-parametric
Large Small sample sample
Z test Run, KS, Sign, signed rank

Bivariate
Multivariate

--Do--

t, F, (one way)ANOVA, correlation, regression


Two way ANOVA, MANOVA,
PSGIM [Link]

--Do--

--Do Chisqr, McNemar,KS, Mann-Whitney, Krushkall wallis


Friedman

Factor, Cluster Analyses

Equivalent tests
Paired sample t test = Sign test Indep sample t test = Mann-Whitny U ANOVA = Kruskal Wallis Correlation = Chi-sqr associa

PSGIM [Link]

Dependent variable(s)

Scales
Independent variable(s)

Nominal/ Ordinal

Interval/ Ratio

Nominal

Ordinal

Interval/Ratio

Chi-square, Indep t, ANOVA, McNemar MANOVA, test ANOCOVA --Do---Do Factorial ANOVA, Response surface methodology Discriminant Regression, Analysis, Correlation Probit regression
PSGIM [Link]

Softwares for Statistical tools


SPSS MiniTab SAS Systat AMOS Medicalc Eviews Microfit Designexpert Splus

PSGIM [Link]

Free wares
PSPP Openstat Past Visual PLS Gpower 3.0 Analysis Toolpack of Excel

PSGIM [Link]

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