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Chapter 10

The document provides a comprehensive overview of percentages, including definitions, conversion methods between fractions, decimals, and percentages, and how to calculate percentages of amounts. It also explains how to increase or decrease values by a percentage and includes examples for clarity. Key concepts are summarized in a table for quick reference.

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shinnyeinmae1995
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35 views4 pages

Chapter 10

The document provides a comprehensive overview of percentages, including definitions, conversion methods between fractions, decimals, and percentages, and how to calculate percentages of amounts. It also explains how to increase or decrease values by a percentage and includes examples for clarity. Key concepts are summarized in a table for quick reference.

Uploaded by

shinnyeinmae1995
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

10.

Percentages — Notes
10.1 Fractions, Decimals and Percentages
What is a percentage?
A percentage (%) is a fraction out of 100.
part
percentage =
100
Examples:
• 25% means 25 out of 100
• 60% = 60/100
• 5% = 5/100
Converting between fractions, decimals and percentages
A. Fraction → Percentage
Multiply the fraction by 100%.
Examples:
!
•
"
× 100% = 25%
#
•
$
= 0.6 = 60%

B. Percentage → Fraction
Write the percentage over 100 and simplify.
Examples:
• 40% = 40/100 = 2/5
• 12% = 12/100 = 3/25
C. Decimal → Percentage
Multiply by 100%.
Examples:
• 0.5 = 50%
• 0.08 = 8%
• 1.25 = 125%
D. Percentage → Decimal
Divide by 100.
Examples:
• 25% = 0.25
• 150% = 1.5
• 2% = 0.02
E. Fraction → Decimal
Divide the numerator by the denominator.
Examples:
• 1/2 = 0.5
• 3/4 = 0.75
• 7/10 = 0.7
Key Quick Conversions
Fraction Decimal Percent

1/2 0.5 50%

1/4 0.25 25%

3/4 0.75 75%

1/5 0.2 20%

1/10 0.1 10%

10.2 Percentages Large and Small


Percentages greater than 100%
These represent values more than the whole.
Examples:
• 150% of a number
• 250% increase
• 120% of a price
Example:
120% of 50
= 1.2 × 50
= 60
Percentages less than 1%
Very small parts of a whole.
Examples:
• 0.5% = 0.005
• 0.2% = 0.002
Example:
0.5% of 200
= 0.005 × 200
=1
Finding a percentage of an amount
Method 1 — Multiply
percentage
amount ×
100
Examples:
• 20% of 60 = 0.2 × 60 = 12
• 75% of 40 = 0.75 × 40 = 30
Method 2 — Fraction method
• 25% = 1/4 → 1/4 of 80 = 20
• 10% = 1/10 → 1/10 of 90 = 9
Increasing and Decreasing by a Percentage
Increase by %
new amount = original × (1 + percentage as decimal)
Example:
Increase 50 by 20%
= 50 × 1.2
= 60
Decrease by %
new amount = original × (1 − percentage as decimal)
Example:
Decrease 80 by 25%
= 80 × 0.75
= 60
Working with Percentage Change
Percentage Increase
increase
× 100%
original
Percentage Decrease
decrease
× 100%
original
Example:
A price drops from 50 to 40
Decrease = 10
Percentage decrease = (10 ÷ 50) × 100% = 20%
Summary Table
Concept Key Idea

Percentage “Out of 100”

Convert between forms Use multiply/divide by 100

Large % (>100%) More than whole

Small % (<1%) Very small part

Find % of a number multiply by %/100

Increase/Decrease Multiply by (1 ± decimal)

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