BIOLOGY (CBSE)

X CLASS

COMPETENCY BASED
QUESTIONS
 Chapter 6 - LIFE PROCESSES

1. The process of filtering blood outside the human body to remove harmful wastes is called
Dialysis. Dialysis takes place in an enclosed chamber.
The given diagram shows how dialysis works.

(i) Which of the following must be true for a dialysis chamber?

Circle ‘Yes’ or ‘No’ to indicate your response.
Is this necessary for dialysis? Yes or No
Used dialysis solution is recycled back to the chamber as Yes/No
fresh dialysis solution.
The hollow pipes should have semi-permeable walls. Yes/No
The blood pressure inside the hollow pipes should be Yes/No
higher than that inside the human body
(ii) What type of blood vessel brings in the blood with wastes? [ ]
(a) Capillaries (b) Veins (c) Arteries (d) None of these
(iii) Which organ acts like a natural dialysis chamber in the human body? [ ]
(a) Heart (b) Brain (c) Kidneys (d) Pancreas
2. Prashanth wanted to check whether plant leaves release water vapour.
He took a potted plant and covered the plant with a plastic bag.
The picture below shows what he observed after 2 hours.

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(i) Prashanth compared the results of the activity with a new pot to confirm his findings.
Which of the following best represents the new pot? [ ]

(a) (b) (c) (d)

(ii) How does the loss of water by plant leaves help the plant? [ ]
(a) Photosynthesis (b) Respiration (c) Nutrition (d) Excretion
3. Blood transports oxygen and carbon dioxide to different parts of the human body.
The exchange of gases between blood and inhaled air takes place in the capillaries of
lungs.
The diagram below shows how blood circulates in the human body.

(i) What statement is supported by the diagram? [ ]

(a) All arteries carry oxygenated bloo(d) (b) Capillaries are permeable to gases.
(c) The wall between the left ventricle and the right ventricle is porous.
(d) Blood can flow back and forth between the right atrium and the right ventricle.
(ii) Which of these will be the immediate effect if gaseous exchange in the lung capillaries
reduces? [ ]
(a) Blood will flow in the reverse direction.
(b) Pulmonary veins will receive blood with less oxygen.
(c) The space inside the left and the right atrium will increase.
(d) The pressure of blood inside the capillaries will decrease.
4. The diagram below shows the human alimentary canal.
1, 2, 3 and 4 are four different organs that are parts of the canal.

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(i) Which of the labelled parts represents the liver? [ ]
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4
(ii) Pancreas secretes lipase enzyme. Mr. Ayub is suffering from malfunctioning of the
pancreas.
Which of the following will be adversely affected in Mr. Ayub’s body? [ ]
(a) Digestion of carbohydrates (b) Digestion of proteins
(c) Digestion of fats (d) Digestion of vitamins
5. Small hair-like structures line the upper part of the human respiratory tract.
These structures trap the dust particles, germs and chemicals entering the human body
during breathing.
Smoking is likely to cause infections in the respiratory tract. Which statement best explains
the fact? [ ]
(a) Smoking destroys the hair-like structures.
(b) Smoking causes excessive growth of the hair-like structures.
(c) Smoking stimulates the hair-like structures to release harmful chemicals.
(d) Smoking makes the hair-like structures wet and they fail to trap dust particles.
6. Given below is a schematic diagram to illustrate some aspects of photosynthesis.
(i) Fill up the gaps, in blank spaces (1-4), by writing the names of the correct items.

(ii) What phenomenon do the think arrows A and B indicate respectively? [ ]

(a) A - Transpiration; B - Translocation (b) A - Transpiration; B - Transcription
(c) A - Transportation; B - Excretion (d) A - Transportation; B - Respiration
7. Given below is the diagram of an experimental set-up:

(i) What is objective of this experiment? [ ]

(a) To describe the importance of carbon dioxide in photosynthesis.
(b) To describe the importance of heat in photosynthesis.
(c) To describe the importance of oxygen in photosynthesis.
(d) To describe the importance of water in photosynthesis.
(ii) Will it work satisfactorily? [ ]
(a) No (b) Yes (c) To some extent (d) None of these

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(iii) What alteration(s) will you make in it for obtaining expected result? [ ]
(a) Replace the lime water from KOH because it absorbs carbon dioxide.
(b) Replace the lime water from KOH because it absorbs oxygen.
(c) Replace the lime water from NaOH because it absorbs carbon dioxide.
(d) Replace the lime water from KOH because it absorbs water.
8. Identify the ‘Y’ in the below given stomatal appartus. [ ]

(a) Epidermal cells (b) Subsidiary cell (c) Guard cells (d) Nucleus
9. A potted plant was taken in order to prove a factor necessary for photosynthesis. The
potted plant was kept in the dark for 24 hours. One of the leaves was covered with black
paper in the centre. The potted plant was then placed in sunlight for a few hours.
(i) What aspect of photosynthesis was being tested? [ ]
(a) To study the effect of sunlight on the rate of photosynthesis
(b) To study the effect of heat on the rate of photosynthesis
(c) To study the effect of water on the rate of photosynthesis
(d) To study the effect of carbon dioxide on the rate of photosynthesis
(ii) During the starch test, why was the leaf boiled in water [ ]
(a) to kill the cells (b) to change the colour (c) to clean it (d) all the above
(iii) What is the balanced chemical equation to represent the process of photosynthesis.
Light energy
(a) 6 Co2 + 12 H2O C6H12O6 + 6H2O + 6O2↑
Chlorophyll
Light energy
(b) 6 Co2 + 12 H2O C6H12O6 + 6C2O + 6O2↑
Chlorophyll
Heat
(c) 6 Co2 + 12 H2O C6H12O6 + 6C2O + 6O2↑
Chlorophyll
Water
(d) 6 Co2 + 12 H2O C6H12O6 + 6C2O + 6O2↑
Chlorophyll
(iv) Identify the labelled number ‘5’ in the below given chloroplast. [ ]

(a) Thylakoid (b) Granum (c) Lamella (d) stroma

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10. The diagram below shows two test-tubes A and B. Test-tube A contains a green water
plant. Test-tube B contains both a green water plant and a snail. Both test-tubes are kept
in sunlight. Answer the questions that follow:

(i) Name the physiological process that releases the bubbles of oxygen. [ ]
(a) Photosynthesis (b) Respiration (c) Transportation (d) Excretion
(ii) What is the purpose of keeping a snail in test-tube B? [ ]
(a) To increase the rate of photosynthesis by increasing the concentration of carbon dioxide
(b) To decrease the rate of photosynthesis by increasing the concentration of carbon dioxide
(c) To increase the rate of respiration by increasing the concentration of carbon dioxide
(d) To increase the rate of excretion by increasing the concentration of carbon dioxide
(iii) Why does test-tube B have more bubbles of oxygen? [ ]
(a) Because the snail releases carbon dioxide during respiration
(b) Because the snail releases oxygen during respiration
(c) Because the snail releases water during respiration
(d) Because the snail releases light during respiration
(iv) Give an example of a water plant that can be used in the above experiment. [ ]
(a) Elodea (b) Hydrilla (c) both (a) and (b) (d) None of these
11. Given below is a highly schematic diagram of the human blood circulatory system.

(i) Which part (state the number) represents the heart? Give reason in support of your
answer. [ ]
(a) Part 3 (b) Part 4 (c) Part 10 (d) Part 2
(ii) Which numbers represent ‘Aorta’ the following respectively? [ ]
(a) Number 5 (b) Number 2 (c) Number 1 (d) Number 8

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12. The diagram below shows part of the capillary bed in an organ of the human body. Some of
the blood arriving at the capillaries at points labeled A, moves out into the spaces between
the tissue cells. Study the diagram and answer the questions that follow: [ ]

(i) When the liquid from the blood surrounds the cells, what is it called? [ ]
(a) Tissue fluid (b) Fluid (c) Cell fluid (d) All the above
(ii) Name any one important component of the blood which remains inside the capillaries and
fails to move out into the spaces. [ ]
(a) RBC (b) Platelets (c) WBC (d) Lymph
(iii) Some of the liquid surrounding the cells does not pass directly back into the blood but
eventually reaches it by another route through vessel X. name the fluid present in vessel
X. [ ]
(a) Lymph (b) RBC (c) WBC (d) Plasma
13. Study the diagram and write the number and name of the blood vessel in each case as
mentioned ahead.

(i) Several hours after a meal containing a lot of protein, which vessel will contain the highest
concentration of urea?
(a) Number 4 Hepatics portal vein (b) Number 1 Heart to lungs
(c) Number 4 Liver to feet (d) None of these
(ii) Which vessel would contain the highest concentration of amino acids and glucose soon
after a meal?
(a) Hepatic portal vein (b) Hepatic renal vein
(c) Hepatic artery (d) Hepatic portal artery
14. The figures given below show diagrammatic cross-sections of three kinds of blood vessels.

(i) Name the part labelled 4. [ ]

(a) Endothelium (b) Lumen (c) Smooth muscles (d) Connective tissue

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(ii) Identify the blood vessels A, B and (c) [ ]
(a) A - Artery, B -Vein, C - Capillaries (b) A -Vein, B - Artery, C - Capillaries
(c) A - Capillaries, B -Vein, C - Artery (d) A -Vein, B - Capillaries, C - Artery
(iii) Name the kinds of blood that flow through A respectively. [ ]
(a) Oxygenated blood (b) De-oxygenated blood
(c) Both (a) and (b) (d) None of these
(iv) In which one of the above vessels referred to in (a) above does the exchanges of gases
actually take place? [ ]
(a) At the capillary level (b) At the arteries level
(c) At the veins level (d) At the valves level
15. The diagram given below represents the human heart in one phase of its activity. Study the
same and then answer the questions that follow:

(i) Name the phase [ ]

(a) Ventricular systole and atrial diastole (b) Auricular systole and atrial diastole
(c) Ventricular diastole and atrial systole (d) Ventricular systole and atrial systole
(ii) Which part of the heart is contracting in this phase? [ ]
(a) Ventricular muscles (b) Auricular muscles
(c) Auriculo ventricular muscles (d) All of these
(iii) Name the part numbered 6. [ ]
(a) Right ventricle (b) Left atrium (c) Left ventricle (d)Aorta
(iv) What type of blood flows through the parts marked ‘1’ and ‘2’? [ ]
(a) Pulmonary artery (b) Pulmonary vein (c) Coronary artery (d) Coronary vein
16. Study the following diagram carefully and then answer the questions that follow:

(i) Name the cell labelled 1. [ ]

(a) Red blood cells (b) White blood cells (c) Platelets (d) Lymph
(ii) Name the process occurring in B and C and state the importance of this process in the
human body. [ ]
(a) Phagocytosis (b) Lymphosis (c) Photolysis (d) Hydrolysis

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17. Given below is the figure of certain organs and associated parts in the human body. Study
the same and answer the questions that follow:

(i) Name all the organ-systems shown completely. [ ]

(a) Excretory system (b) Nervous system (c) Circular system (d) Digestive system
(ii) Name the part numbered 5. [ ]
(a) Urethra (b) Renal artery (c) Ureter (d) Urinary bladder
(iii) Name the structural and functional unit of the part marked ‘1’. [ ]
(a) Nephron (b) Neuron (c) Nerve cell (d) Both (b) and (c)
(iv) Name the two main organic constituents of the fluid that flows down the part labelled ‘3’.
[ ]
(a) Urea and Ammonia (b) Ammonia and uric acid
(c) Nitrogen and urea (d) Uric acid and hydrogen
18. Given below is a diagrammatic representation of certain types of blood vessels in human
body.

(i) Identify the types of blood vessels numbered 1 to 5. [ ]

(a) Vein (b) Artery (c) Venule (d) Arteriole
(ii) Where can such an arrangement be found as an example ? [ ]
(a) In lungs (b) In heart walls (c) both (a) and (b) (d) None of these

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19. Look at the figure given below. It is a section of human kidney as seen from the front.

(i) Name the part numbered 5. [ ]

(a) Pelvis (b) Renal vein (c) Ureter (d) Cortex
(ii) Which area/part (give its name and number given on the diagram) which contains the
following: [ ]
(a) Number 4 cortex contains the Malpighian capsule
(b) Number 4 cortex contains the Renal vein
(c) Number 4 cortex contains the Pelvis (d) Number 4 cortex contains the Ureter
20. The following diagram represents a mammalian kidney tubule (nephron) and its blood
supply.

Parts indicated by the guidelines 1 to 8 are as follows:

1. Afferent arteriole from renal artery;
2. Efferent arteriole
3. Bowman’s capsule,
4. Glomerulus;
5. Proximal convoluted tubule with blood capillaries;
6. Distal convoluted tubule with blood capillaries;
7. Collecting tubule;
8. U-shaped loop of Henle.
Study the diagram and answer the questions that follow:
(i) Where does ultra filtration take place? [ ]
(a) Glomerulus (b) Bowmans capsule
(c) Efferent arteriole (d) Distal convoluted tubule

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(ii) Which structure contains the lowest concentration of urea? [ ]
(a) Efferent arteriole (b) Proximal convoluted tubule
(c) Distal convoluted tubule (d) Collecting tubule
(iii) Which structure contains the highest concentration of urea? [ ]
(a) Afferent arteriole (b) Proximal convoluted tubule
(c) Efferent arteriole (d) Distal convoluted tubule
(iv) Which structure (normally) contains the lowest concentration of glucose? [ ]
(a) Collecting tubule (b) Proximal convoluted tubule
(c) Distal convoluted tubule (d) Glomerulus
(v) Where is most water reabsorbed? [ ]
(a) Proximal convoluted tubule (b) Distal convoluted tubule
(c) Collecting tubule (d) None of these
21. Given below is a highly simplified diagram of the human kidney cut open longitudinally.
Answer the questions that follow:

(i) Name the functional units of the kidneys. [ ]

(a) Nephrons (b) Bowman’s capsule (c) Glomerulus (d) Pelvis
(ii) Why does the cortex of the kidney show a dotted appearance? [ ]
(a) Because it contains numerous nephrons (or) kidney tubules
(b) Because it contains numerous pelvis
(c) Because it contains numerous Bowman’s capsules
(d) Because it contains numerous Glomerulus
22. Study the diagram given below and then answer the questions that follow:

(i) Name the region in the kidney where the above structure is present? [ ]
(a) Bowman’s capsules (b) Glomerulus
(c) Afferent arteriole (d) Efferent arteriole
(ii) Name the part labelled 4. [ ]
(a) Efferent arteriole (b) Afferent arteriole (c) Glomerulus (d) Bowman’s capsules
(iii) What is the technical term given to the process occurring in 2 and 3? [ ]
(a) Ultra filtration (b) Ultra absorption (c) Ultra purification (d) Ultra magnification

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23. The given diagram represents a nephron and its blood supply. Study the diagram and
answer the following questions:

(i) Label part 2 represents. [ ]

(a) Distal convoluted tubule (b) Proximal convoluted tubule
(c) Collecting tubule (d) Bowman’s capsules
(ii) Name the blood vessel which contains the least amount of urea in this diagram. [ ]
(a) Afferent arteriole (b) Afferent veins (c) Afferent arteriole (d) None of these
(iii) Name the part of the nephron which lies in the renal medull(a) [ ]
(a) Henle’s loop (b) Collecting tubule (c) Both (a) and (b) (d) None of these
24. What is the aim of the below shown experiment (variegated leaf exposed to sunlight) :
[ ]

(a) to determine that CO2 was essential for photosynthesis

(b) to determine that sunlight was essential for photosynthesis
(c) to determine that water was necessary for photosynthesis
(d) to determine that chlorophyll was essential for photosynthesis
25. An apparatus as shown below was set up to investigate a physiological process in plants.
The setup was kept in sunlight for two hours. Droplets of water were then seen inside the
bell jar. Answer the questions that follow:

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(i) Name the process being studie(d) [ ]
(a) Transpiration (b) Respiration (c) Translocation (d) Transcription
(ii) Why was the pot covered with a plastic sheet? [ ]
(a) To prevent evaporation of water from the soil
(b) To prevent evaporation of minerals from the soil
(c) To prevent evaporation of salts from the soil
(d) All of these
(iii) Suggest a suitable control for this experiment. [ ]
(a) An empty polythene bag (b) Soil
(c) Water (d) Plant

Chapter 7 - CONTROL AND COORDINATION

1. The figure shows the movement of a stem. X is a part of the stem.

The movement of plant hormone auxin in cells regulates cell elongation and growth of
plants in a particular direction.

(i) What would the size of cells and the distribution of auxin at part X of the stem look like?
[ ]

(a) (b) (c) (d)

(ii) How can the movement of the stem in a particular direction be described? [ ]
(a) Against gravity (b) Away from touch
(c) Away from chemicals (d) Towards a source of water
(iii) Cell division in plants is promoted by _______________________. [ ]
(a) Auxin (b) Abscisic acid (c) Cytokinins (d) Gibberellins
2. The figure shows a reflex arc formed in response to heat.

(i) Which of these is the correct sequence of the flow of information in the reflex arc?[ ]
(a) Sensory Neurone → Receptor → Motor Neurone → Relay Neurone → Effector
(b) Receptor → Sensory Neurone → Relay Neurone → Motor Neurone → Effector
(c) Sensory Neurone → Receptor → Motor Neurone → Relay Neurone → Effector
(d) Effector → Motor Neurone → Relay Neurone → Sensory Neurone → Receptor
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(ii) What is labelled as ‘X’ in the figure? [ ]
(a) Cerebrum (b) Spinal cord (c) Pituitary gland (d) Hypothalamus
3. The graph shows the average height of boys and girls in a population.

What does the graph indicate? [ ]

(a) The average height of boys is always greater than that of girls.
(b) The average height of girls is greater than that of boys in adulthood.
(c) The average height of girls during puberty is greater than that of boys.
(d) The average heights of girls and boys are the same between 4 and 20 years.
4. Which of the following statements are correct? Circle ‘Yes’ or ‘No’ to mark your
response. [ ]
Statement Yes or No
Hormones are released directly into the bloodstream. Yes/No
Endocrine glands use electrical impulses. Yes/No
Sex hormones regulate changes associated with puberty. Yes/No
(i) The cerebellum in the brain controls voluntary actions of the body. [ ]
Which of these actions is controlled by the cerebellum?
(a) Beating of the heart (b) Blinking of the eyes
(c) Watering of the mouth (d) Jumping from a height
(ii) Which of these health conditions is caused by a hormonal imbalance in the body? [ ]
(a) Scurvy (b) Typhoid (c) Diabetes (d) Common cold
5. Study the diagram given below and then answer the questions that follow:

(i) Name the cells of the pancreas that produce insulin. [ ]

(a) Beta cells of the islets of Langerhans
(b) Alpha cells of the islets of Langerhans
(c) Beta cells of liver
(d) Alpha cells of liver

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(ii) State the main function of insulin. [ ]
(a) It maintains the levels of glucose (sugar) in the blood.
(b) It raises the blood glucose levels by stimulating the breakdown of glycogen to glucose in the
liver.
(c) It maintains the levels of water in the blood.
(d) It maintains the levels of sodium in the blood.
(iv) Why is insulin not given orally but is injected into the body? [ ]
(a) because the digestive juices degrade insulin
(b) because the digestive juices increase insulin
(c) because the Salivary juices degrade insulin
(d) because the enzymes degrade insulin
(v) What is the technical term for the cells of the pancreas that produce endocrine hormones?
(a) Islets of Langerhans (b) Adams Apple (c) Langerhans (d) None of these
(vi) Where in the body is the pancreas located? [ ]
(a) abdomen behind the stomach (b) abdomen behind the kidney
(c) abdomen behind the liver (d) abdomen behind the small intestine
6. Given below is a portion from the human body showing some important structure in
ventral (front) view.

(i) Where is this portion located in the body? [ ]

(a) Neck region (b) Stomach region (c) Liver region (d) Mouth region
(ii) Name the structure numbered 2. [ ]
(a) Thyroid gland (b) Larynx (c) Trachea (d) Pharynx
7. Given below is an outline diagram of human body showing position of certain organs.

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(i) Name the part numbered 4. [ ]
(a) Thyroid gland (b) Adrenal gland (c) Pancreatic gland (d) Testis
(ii) What is common to all these parts in regard to the nature of their functions? [ ]
(a) Endocrine glands (b) Exocrine glands (c) Salivary glands (d) Pancreatic glands
(iii) Name the nutrient element which is essential for the normal working of part 2. [ ]
(a) Iodine (b) Sodium (c) Potassium (d) Iron
8. Given below are two diagrams (one is correct, the other one is somewhat incorrect) showing
the transport of a hormone from its source gland/cell to the target organ/cell.

(i) Which one has the error- A or B?

(a) B has error (b) A has error
(c) Both A and B have error (d) None of these
(ii) What is the error?
(a) Gap between gland and blood vessel (b) Gap between target cell and blood vessel
(c) Gap between gland and blood stream (b) Gap between target cell and hormone
9. Identify the ‘X’ in the below given myelinated neuron.

(a) Cell body (b) Dendrites (c) Axon (d) Nerve terminals
10. Two hungry boys (A and B) enter a restaurant and find a table decorated as shown
alongside:

Boys starts salivating this is an example of:

(a) Conditioned reflex (b) Unconditioned reflex
(c) Spinal reflex (d) brain reflex

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11. During a while watching a scary movie, mention the effects on the following organs by the
autonomous nervous system, in the table given below: (one has been done for you as an
example).
Organ Sympathetic System Parasympathetic System
e.g. Lungs Dilates bronchi and Constricts bronchi and bronchioles
bronchioles
1. Heart
2. Pupil of the eye
3. Salivary gland
12. A potted plant is kept horizontally for a considerable time. The three positions of the parts
A and B of the potted plant are shown in the following figures: [ ]

What type of phenomenon is exhibited by the figure chosen in (a) above?

(a) Roots - Positive geotropism & Stem - Negative geo tropism
(b) Roots - Negative Geotropism & Stem - Positive geotropism
(c) Roots - Phototropism & Stem - Thermotropism
(d) Roots - Chemotropism & Stem - Thermotropism
13. The figure given below shows the stages of ripening in a banana. Answer the questions that
follow:

Name the plant hormone responsible for the above changes. [ ]

(a) Auxins (b) Gibberillins (c) Ethylene (d) Cytokinins
14.
The below given dandelion flowers open the petals in bright light during the daytime but
close the petals in dark at night. This response of dandelion flowers to light is called:
[ ]

(a) Phototropism (b) Thigmonasty (c) Chemotropism (d) Photonasty [ ]

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15. The growth of tendrils in the below given pea plant is due to the: [ ]

(a) Effect of sunlight on the tendril cells facing the sun

(b) Effect of gravity on the part of tendril hanging down towards the earth
(c) Rapid cell division and elongation in tendril cells that are away from the support
(d) Rapid cell division and elongation in tendril cells in contact with the support
16. Study the diagrams given below and answer the following questions. [ ]

(a) name the structures shown in X and Y in the figures (A) and (B), respectively.
(b) write the functions performed by The structures X and Y.
(c) name the phenomenon depicted and define it.
(d) how do the structures X and Y differ from each other.
(e) give examples of the plant which show the said phenomenon.
17. The tea plants are never allowed to grow lengthwise. This is done by cutting their apical
buds, a process known as pruning. In this way, tea plants get a dense growth and easy
yield. Answer the following questions:
(i) Name the scientific phenomenon that is being overcome by pruning. [ ]
(a) Apical dominance (b) Seed dormancy (c) Parthenocarpy (d) Leaf senescence
(ii) What plant hormone is responsible for the scientific phenomenon mentioned in (a).[ ]
(a) Auxins (b) Gibberillins (c) Ethylene (d) Cytokinins
(iii) Name one plant hormone which inhibits the said phenomenon.(c) [ ]
(a) Cytokinins (b) Gibberillins (c) Ethylene (d) Auxins

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18. What will happen if part P is injured? [c ]

(a) Breathing will be affected.

(b) The person will not be able to think rationally.
(c) Coordination and stability of the body will be adversely affected.
(d) The person will not be able to move.
19. What is the immediate effect on a person if the gland shown below is removed? [ ]

(a) The metabolic rate increases.

(b) The blood sugar levels in blood are disturbed.
(c) The heartbeat rate decreases.
(d) The blood pressure increases.
20. The diagram given below shows a type of tropism. Study the some and answer the questions
that follow:

(i) Name the type of tropism shown in the diagram [ ]

(a) Phototropism (b) Chemotropism (c) Thigmotropism (d) Geo-tropism
(ii) Identify the labelled part-4. [ ]
(a) Ovule (b) Ovary (c) Pollen tube (d) Pollen grain
(iii) Name an effective stimulant that help in the growth of part 2.
(a) Sugars (b) Peptones (c) Both (a) and (b) (d) None of these
(iv) Name the groups of plants where part (2) grows towards gametophyte with the help of the
stimulants mentioned in (iii) [ ]
(a) Gymnosperms and angiosperms (b) Bryophytes
(c) Pteridophytes (d) Spermatophyte
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 Chapter 8 - HOW DO ORGANISMS REPRODUCE?
1. The diagram shows four different populations of a freshwater fish. All fish belong to the
same species but with two different adaptations.

Population 1 Population 2

Population 3 Population 4

= can survive in both freshwater and slightly saline water, cannot tolerate
temperatures beyond 25 ℃
= can survive only in freshwater, can tolerate temperatures up to 35 ℃

(i) Which population is most likely to survive a small increase in water salinity in its
habitat? [ ]
(a) Population 1 (b) Population 2 (c) Population 3 (d) Population 4
(ii) Which of these is responsible for the difference in adaptation within the fish species? Circle
‘Yes’ or ‘No’ to mark your response.
Is this responsible for the difference in adaptation? Yes or No
Difference in food source Yes/No
Variations in DNA Yes/No
Difference in age Yes/No
2. The fish with different adaptations were put in two separate tanks of water.

Tank 1 Tank 2
The water in both tanks was saline and maintained at 35 ℃. [ ]
Will the fish in each tank survive after a week?
(a) The fish in both the tanks will not survive (b) The conditions are unfavorable for all fishes
(c) Both (a) and (b) (d) None of these
3. The table lists the development of few characteristics in the human body.
Characteristics
growth of thick hair in the armpits of both males and females
development of breasts in females
cracking of voice in males

(i) At which stage of human development do the above characteristics appear?

(a) Puberty (b) Adolescence (c) Both (a) and (b) (d) None of these
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4. Medha cut a celery plant into two pieces.
She placed the lower part of the cut celery in a jar of water. The pictures show what
Medha observed after a week.

(i) What can Medha conclude from her activity? [ ]

(a) Some plants can regenerate.
(b) Some plants grow best indoors.
(c) Some plants can grow without sunlight.
(d) Some plants need both male and female organs to reproduce.
(ii) Scientists grow new plants from groups of cells in laboratories. [ ]
What is the technique known as?
(a) Tissue culture (b) Horticulture (c) Aqaculture (d) Pisculture
5. Which of these statements is true for the characteristics listed in the table above?
Circle ‘Yes’ or ‘No’ to mark your response.
Is this statement true? Yes or No
The characteristics generally develop earlier in girls than boys. Yes/No
The characteristics develop over a span of few years. Yes/No
The characteristics last for a short time. Yes/No
6. The diagram shows the reproductive system of a human female. 1, 2, 3 and 4 are four
different parts of the system.

(i) Fertilisation is the union of a sperm with a mature egg. [ ]

In which part of the female reproductive system does fertilisation take place?
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4
(ii) What is the number of sperm(s) that fertilise one egg?
(iii) Which of the following diseases is caused by a sexually transmissible bacterium?[ ]
(a) Wart (b) Cholera (c) In fluenza (d) Gonorrhoea

21
7. Given below is a diagram of two systems together in the human body.

(i) Name the systems represented in the above diagram : [ ]

(a) Excretory system and Female Reproductive system
(b) Circulatory system and Male Reproductive system
(c) Digestive system and Female Reproductive system
(d) Endocrine system and Female Reproductive system
(ii) Name the part numbered 3. [ ]
(a) Fallopian Tube (b) Ovary (c) Urinary Bladder (d) Uterus
8. The following diagram represents the vertical sectional view of the human female
reproductive system.

(i) Name the part indicated part 8. [ ]

(a) Urethra (b)Vagina (c) Ovary (d)Uterus
(ii) What happens to the uterus, if fertilization fails to take place? [ ]
(a) Menstrual cycle flow (b) Ready for delivery of a baby
(c) Abortion takes place (d) None of these
9. Given below is the schematic diagram of the sectional view of the human male reproductive
system.

(i) Name the part numbered 6. [ ]

(a) Scrotum (b) Urinary bladder (c) Vas deferens (d) Erectile tissue

22
(ii) State the functions of the part numbered 2. [ ]
(a) It produces an alkaline secretion which mixes with the semen and helps neutralise the
vaginal acids
(b) It produces a secretion which serves as a lubricant for the semen to pass through the urethra.
(c) It produces the male gamete sperm and the male sex hormone testosterone.
(d) They carry the sperms from the epididymis to the urethra.
10. The diagram below represents two reproductive cells A and B. Study the same and then
answer the questions that follow:

(i) Identify the reproductive cell “B” [ ]

(a) Ovum (b) Sperm (c) Semen (d) Blood
(ii) Name the specific part of the reproductive system where the above cells are produced.
(a) Sperms are produced in the testis. The ovum is produced in the ovary. [ ]
(b) Sperms are produced in the Scrotum The ovum is produced in the uterus
(c) Sperms are produced in the Penis The ovum is produced in the Vagina
(d) Sperms are produced in the Vas deference. The ovum is produced in the Vulva
(iii) Where in the female reproductive system do these cells unite? [ ]
(a) Fallopian tubes (b) Uterus (c) Vagina (d) Ovum
(iv) Name the main hormone secreted by the testes. [ ]
(a) Oestrogen (b) progesterone (c)Testosterone (d) Insulin
11. The model shows the process of budding in Hydra. [ ]

What is the likely purpose of this division in Hydra? [ ]

a) to increase the body size b) to recover lost body parts
c) to induce variation in body d) to develop new independent individual
12. The figure given below represents the female reproductive system of a mammal.

(i) Name the part labelled “B”. [ ]

(a) uterus (b) Oviduct (c) Ovary (d) Cervix
23
(ii) What will happen if the part B on both sides gets blocked? [ ]
(a) ovum released from the ovary will not get fertilized by the sperm and hence pregnancy will
be prevented.
(b) Fertilization takes place
(c) Abortion occurs
(d) All of these
13. Given below is the outline of the male reproductive system. Name the parts labelled 1 to 8
and state their functions. Also name the corresponding structure of part (2) in the Female
reproductive system. [ ]

(a) Urinary bladder – It stores the urine.

(b) Ureter – it Carries urine from the urinary bladder to the urethra.
(c) Bulbo-urethral glands – Secretion serves as a lubricant.
(d) Sperm duct/Vas deferens – Allows the transit of sperms from the testicles to the outside of
the body
14. The model shows the process of budding in Hydr(a) [ ]

What is the likely purpose of this division in Hydra?

a) to increase the body size b) to recover lost body parts
c) to induce variation in body d) to develop new independent individual
15. The image shows the process of vegetative propagation in a plant. [ ]

The shoot of the parent plant is pushed below the soil that results in growth of a new plant.
What is the advantage of this process?
(a) this results in plant of different flowers
(b) this helps grow plants without adding extra manure
(c) this eliminates the need of producing plant using seeds
(d) this allows growth of plants with new genetic composition

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16. A student takes a planaria in the lab and cuts into three parts as shown. [ ]

What will likely happen?

a) the cells around the cut start to divide to form lost part
b) the cells around the cut enlarge to take the shape of lost part
c) the cells around the cut start to divide to form a complete organism
d) the cells around the cut attracts other planarians to fuse with the separated part
17. The image shows the production of a new sugarcane from an existing sugarcane plant.
[ ]

The method is called vegetative propagation. Which option supports the name of this
process?
(a) It is a sexual method of producing new plants.
(b) It is an asexual method of producing new plants.
(c) It does not require a parent plant for reproduction.
(d) It involves fusion two parts of a single parent for reproduction.
18. The image shows the male reproductive system outside abdominal cavity. [ ]

What will likely happen if testes are located inside the abdominal cavity?
a) delayed puberty b) sperm formation
c) increase in body temperature d) change in genetic composition of sperms

25
19. The image shows the model of a family of dogs. It can be observed that the offspring is
similar to the parent but not identical. What is the likely reason for this? [ ]

(a) variation in the genetic material (b) fast multiplication of body cells
(c) asexual mode of reproduction (d) effect of environment on the offspring
20. The image shows the structure of a flower. [ ]

Which process will likely be disturbed or not occur, if labelled part is removed from the
flower?
a) formation of fruit b) transport of pollen
c) formation of pollen d) development of pollen tube

Chapter 9 - HEREDITY AND EVOLUTION

1. A plant with red flower (Rw) is cross bred with a plant with white flower (ww). There are
two variations of the gene controlling the colour of the flower.
The gene for red flower (R) is dominant over that for white flower (w).

The Punnett square shows the result of the cross.

W W
R Rw Rw
W ww ww
(i) What percentage of the plants is likely to produce white flowers? [ ]
(a) 25% (b) 50% (c) 75% (d) 100%

26
(ii) A red flower plant (RR) was cross bred with a white flower plant (ww).
What will be the colour of the flower of the next generation plants?
(a) Pink flowers (b) Red flowers (c) White flowers (d) Orange flowers
(iii) What would have caused the variation in the gene for flower colour? [ ]
(a) Mutation (b) Pollination (c) Speciation (d) Adaption
2. The picture shows different layers of rocks with fossils dug out from two different places.

(i) Which layer of rocks contains the youngest fossil? [ ]

(a) Layer 1 (b) Layer 5 (c) Layer 6 (d) Layer 10
(ii) Which layers of rocks must have formed during the same time period? [ ]
(a) Layer 1 and Layer 6 (b) Layer 3 and Layer 9
(c) Layer 4 and Layer 8 (d) Layer 5 and Layer 10
3. The picture shows the inheritance of an X chromosome-linked trait in a family.
There are two variations of the trait - X and x. The trait is recessive, and affected
individuals carry two copies of the recessive gene.

(i) Which of the following is the correct genotype of the mother and the father? [ ]
Mother Father
A. XX XY
B. Xx XY
C. Xx xY
D. Xx xY
(ii) Which of these traits is acquired by a human population in response to the environment?
[ ]
(a) Short hair (b) Body mass (c) Tall height (d) Brown eyes

27
4. The picture shows two species of birds living in different regions.

Which of the following is the correct genotype of the mother and the father? [ ]
(a) They cannot interbree(d)
(b) They are not similar in shape.
(c) They live in different geographical areas.
(d) They have different mutations in their genes.
5. The two birds once belonged to the same species.
The following sequence of events is likely to have caused the origin of the two different
species.

What is the biological event X? [ ]

(a) Evolution (b) Speciation (c) Changes in DNA (d) Sexual reproduction
6. Which of the following statements is correct? [ ]
Circle ‘Yes’ or ‘No’ to mark your responses.
Is this statement correct? Yes or No
Natural selection provides an advantage to organisms. Yes/No
Genes mix with each other to produce new traits Yes/No
All chromosomes in human cells are found in pairs. Yes/No
7. In a certain species of animals, black fur (B) is dominant over brown fur (b). Predict the
genotype of the offspring, when both parents are ‘Bb’ or have heterozygous black fur.
[ ]
(a) BB (b) Bb (c) bb (d) bB
8. Two pairs (A and B) of rabbits were crossed as given below:

28
(i) Can you tell which coat colour is dominant? [ ]
(a) Black (b) White (c) Both (a) and (b) (d) None of these
(ii) Is the coat colour sex-linked? [ ]
(a) Yes (b) No (c) Can not predict (d) None of these
9. A family consists of two parents and their five children and the pedigree chart shown
below shows the inheritance of the trait colour blindness in them.

(i) Who is colour blind in the parents – the Father or the Mother? [ ]
(a) Father (b) Mother (c) Son (d) Daughter
(ii) How many daughters and how many sons have been born in the family? [ ]
(a) Three sons and three daughters (b) Two sons and three daughters
(c) Two sons and Four daughters (d) Four sons and three daughters
(iii) What does the child 1 indicate about this trait? [ ]
(a) The child 1 (daughter) is colour blind (b) The child 1 (Son) is colour blind
(b) No child is colour blind (d) Can not Predict
(iv) On which chromosome is the gene of this trait located? [ ]
(a) X chromosome (b) Y chromosome (c) X Y chromosome (d) Y Y chromosome
(v) Name one other trait in humans which follows a similar pattern of inheritance. [ ]
(a) Haemophilia (b) Thallasemmia
(c) Erythro blastolysis (d) All of these
10. The inheritance of colour trait in flower is as shown. [ ]

R and r denote two different genes for colour. Which law of Mendel can be explained using
the image?
a) Only Law of segregation
b) Only Law of independent assortment
c) Law of segregation and Law of dominance
d) Law of segregation and Law of independent assortment

29
 Chapter 15 - OUR ENVIRONMENT

1. The table shows some organisms and their food sources in an ecosystem.
Organism Food source
Frog Cricket, Grasshopper
Cricket Grass
Snake Frog, Shrew
Shrew Cricket, Grasshopper
Grasshopper Grass
Eagle Snake, Shrew

(i) Identify the primary consumer(s) in the ecosystem. [ ]

(a) Snake (b) Shrew
(c) Frog and Shrew (d) Cricket and Grasshopper
(ii) A snake eats a frog. [ ]
What percentage of energy of the frog is transferred to the snake?
(a) 1% (b) 2% (c) 10% (d) 90%
2. Which of these represents the correct food web of the ecosystem? [ ]

(a) (b)

(c) (d)

(i) Which organism has the largest biomass in the ecosystem? [ ]

(a) Grass (b) Snake (c) Eagle (d) Grasshopper
3. The picture shows the different trophic levels of an ecosystem.

30
(i) Which level consists of herbivores? [ ]
(a) Level 1 (b) Level 2 (c) Level 3 (d) Level 4
4. The pair of reactions show the formation of ozone (O3).
UV
O2 O+O
O + O2 O3
(i) What is the role of ultraviolet (UV) rays in the reaction? [ ]
(a) it frees electrons from atoms or molecules, causing chemical reactions.
(b) it frees neutrons from atoms or molecules, causing chemical reactions.
(c) it frees protons from atoms or molecules, causing chemical reactions.
(d) it frees electrons from atoms or molecules, causing physical reactions.
(ii) The ozone layer of the atmosphere shields the Earth’s surface from the ultraviolet
radiations of the Sun.
Which of these is likely to increase in humans with depletion of the ozone layer? [ ]
(a) AIDS (b) COVID (c) Jaundice (d) Skin Cancer
5. Keerthana dug two pits, A and B, in her garden. In pit A, she put a polythene bag packed
with some agricultural waste. In pit B, she dumped the same kind of waste but without
packing it in a polythene bag. She then covered both the pits with soil.
(i) What did she observe after a month? [ ]
(a) Waste in pit A degraded faster than that in pit B.
(b) Waste in pit B degraded faster than that in pit A.
(c) Waste in both pits degraded almost equally.
(d) Waste in both pits did not degrade at all.
6. Composting is the process where organic wastes are degraded into compost. The diagram
shows the details of the process.

What can be concluded from the diagram? [ ]

(a) Composting helps in recycling plastic scraps.
(b) Composting absorbs heat from the environment.
(c) Composting takes place only in the presence of oxygen.
(d) Composting takes place in the presence of either oxygen or carbon dioxide.
7. Which of these will reduce if compost is used in place of inorganic fertilizer in farms?
Circle ‘Yes’ or ‘No’ for the correct response.
Will this reduce? Yes or No
Moisture in the farm soil Yes/No
Microorganisms in the farm soil Yes/No
Chemical residue in the farm soil Yes/No

31
8. Given below is the representation of a certain phenomenon in nature. With four organisms
1 – 4.

(i) Name the phenomenon represented. [ ]

(a) Food chain (b) Food web (c) Linear chain (d) food train
(ii) Name any one organism that could be shown at No.5. [ ]
(a) Hawk. (b) Grass hopper (c) Snake (d) Grass
(iii) Name one natural element which all the organisms 2-4 and even 5 are getting from No. 1
for their survival. [ ]
(a) Oxygen (b) Carbon dioxide (c) Ozone (d) Carbon monoxide
9. Look at the cartoonist’s presentation of a kind of pollution given below and

(i) Name the kind of pollution. [ ]

(a) Noise Pollution (b) Air Pollution
(c) Water Pollution (d) Soil Pollution
(ii) List the sources of pollution. [ ]
(a) Industrial machines (b) workshops
(c) trains, loud conversation, loudspeakers (d) All of these
10. The following picture depicts a certain phenomenon.

(i) Name the phenomenon. [ ]

(a) Green house effect (b) Ozone layer depletion
(c) Natural calamity (d) Earthquake
(ii) Enlist the sources that are responsible for the above mentioned phenomenon. [ ]
(a) chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) (b) Refrigerators
(c) Aerosol spray cans (d) All of these

32
(iii) List out the effects of the above phenomenon on humans. [ ]
(a) Sun burn (b) Genetic disorders (c) Skin cancer (d) All of these
11. The picture below shows a campaign recently started by the Indian Government.

(i) Mention some chief objectives of this campaign. [ ]

(a) To clean the streets, roads and infrastructure of the country’s cities and towns.
(b) To eliminate open defecation through the construction of individual, cluster and community
toilets.
(c) To establish accountable mechanisms of monitoring latrine use.
(d) All of these
12. The figure given below shows a kind of pollution. Study the figure and answer the following
questions.

(i) Define the kind of pollution shown here. [ ]

(a) Air pollution (b) Soil pollution (c) Water pollution (d) Sound pollution
(ii) Name two types of the kind of pollution shown here. [ ]
(a) Air and sound pollution (b) Air and soil pollution
(c) Water and air pollution (d) Water and soil pollution
13. Study the figure shown here and answer the following questions.

(i) Identify the kind of pollution and define it.

(a) Acid rain (b) Gases such as CO2, SO2
(c) Oxides of nitrogen (d) All of these
33
(ii) Mention main sources of the pollution.
(a) Exhaust from vehicles contains CO2, SO2 and CO.
(b) Smoke released by factory chimneys contain CO2, SO2 and oxides of nitrogen.
(c) Burning of garbage releases CO2 and other harmful gases.
(d) All of these
14. Given below is the representation of type of pollution. Study the picture and answer the
question.

(i) Name the type of pollution shown in the picture. [ ]

(a) Air pollution (b) Sound pollution (c) Water pollution (d) All of these
(ii) Name one source of this pollution. [ ]
(a) Smoke from vehicles (b) harmful gases from industries
(c) Both (a) and (b) (d) None of these
(iii) How does this pollution affect human health? [ ]
(a) So2 causes bronchitis (b) Lead causes blood cell shortage
(c) Smog leads to asthma and poor visibility, Oxides of nitrogen decreases oxygen carrying
capacity of blood.
(d) All of these
(iv) Write one measures to reduce this pollution. [ ]
(a) Use of lead free petrol (b) CNG
(c) Both (a) and (b) (d) All of these
(v) State the gaseous compound that leads to the depletion of the ozone layer and create ‘ozone
holes’. [ ]
(a) Chloroflourocarbon (b) Carbon monoxide
(c) Carbon dioxide (d) Oxygen
15. Study the picture given below and comment on the encircled organisms with respect to:

34
(i) The category according to the food they eat.
(a) Both are herbivorous (b) Both are Carnivorous
(c) Both are Omnivorous (d) None of these
(ii) Trophic level to which they belong.
(a) Primary consumer - second trophic level (b) Secondary consumer - third trophic level
(c) Decomposer - third trophic level (d) None of these
(iii) Percentage of energy available at their trophic level.
(a) Amount of energy available 1% (b) Amount of energy available 10%
(c) Amount of energy available 100% (d) Amount of energy available 1000%
(iv) Two abiotic components of the ecosystem inhabited by them.
(a) Water and Air (b) Humans and plants
(c) Animals and microorganisms (d) Bacteria and fungi
(v) Energy used for food production by the producers.
(a) Solar energy (b) Wind energy (c) Potential energy (d) Thermal energy
16. Observe the diagrams given below and answer the questions given:

(i) Label the food chain properly as per the trophic levels. [ ]
(a) Plant → Grass hopper → Frog → Snake → Eagle → Microorganisms
(b) Plant → Grass hopper → Eagle → Snake → Frog → Microorganisms
(c) Plant → Frog → Eagle → Snake → Grass hopper → Microorganisms
(d) Plant → Snake → Eagle → Frog → Grass hopper → Microorganisms
(ii) If number frogs shown in above food chain, is suddenly reduced, then what can be different
effects on the food chain? [ ]
(a) The tertiary and final consumers will be reduced
(b) The secondary and final consumers will be reduced
(c) The primary and final consumers will be reduced
(d) None of these
17. Study the image of the food web given below and identify the correct option? [ ]

(a) Secondary consumer : Tiger, Producer : Grass

(b) Primary consumer : Sun, Tertiary consumer : Grass
(c) Tertiary consumer : Eagle, Primary consumer : Grass
(d) Producer : Rabbit, Primary consumer : Sun
35
18. Carefully observe the diagram(s) given below: [ ]

Which type of waste is represented by following figure ?

(a) Non-biodegradable (b) Bio-degradable (c) Both a and b (d) None
19. Carefully observe the diagram(s) given below : [ ]

Cause of following effects is

(a) global warming (b) ozone depletion (c) acid rain (d) None
20. Carefully observe the diagram(s) given below : [ ]

Which type of air pollutants is released from the chimney ?

(a) CO2 (b) CH4 (c) Smoke (d) NO2

36