Lesson 5 – Unit 2 – Reading – Keys & Explanations
Finance and business
PRE-CLASS EXERCISES
Exercise 1: Read the information. Then use the context to work out the
meaning of the words in bold in the sentences. Match the definitions
with the words.
No. Key Translation
1 people who start new kinds of businesses, entrepreneurs (n): Doanh nhân
especially if this involves financial risk
2 become successful quickly take off (v): khởi sắc, thành công
3 early designs of something, from which prototypes (n): Nguyên mẫu
improved designs are developed
4 people who are very successful in their high-flyers (n): Người thành đạt, người nổi
work tiếng
5 symbols or words legally registered to trademarks (n): Nhãn hiệu
identify a company or corporation
6 skill and expertise know-how (n): Kiến thức chuyên môn, bí
quyết
7 profitable lucrative (adj): Lợi nhuận cao
8 achieve something, succeed in doing accomplish (v): Hoàn thành, đạt được
something
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Exercise 2: Read the information. Then read the first three paragraphs
of the article. Choose the correct summary of the main ideas of the
paragraphs.
No. Key Explanation
1 C Option C: There is a great deal of interest in entrepreneurs.
→ Paragraph A focuses on the interest in entrepreneurs, mentioning the
attraction people have toward the idea of becoming an entrepreneur and
highlighting examples like Richard Branson and Ben Towers. Therefore, the
correct summary is that there is indeed a great deal of interest in
entrepreneurs, aligning with Option C.
2 C Option C: Some entrepreneurs achieve success quickly, while others require
more time and determination.
→ Paragraph B contrasts the experiences of different entrepreneurs,
highlighting how some, like Ben Towers, achieve rapid success, while others,
like James Dyson, face challenges and setbacks before succeeding. This
indicates that some entrepreneurs achieve success quickly, while others
require more time and determination.
3 B Option B: It’s not always easy to predict which entrepreneurs are going to be
successful.
→ Paragraph C discusses the surprising success of certain entrepreneurs,
such as Richard Branson, despite their academic performance. This suggests
that it's not always easy to predict which entrepreneurs will be successful, as
illustrated by the example of Branson's underwhelming academic performance
contrasting with his remarkable business success.
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Exercise 3: Read the information. You are going to read the rest of the
article about entrepreneurs. Before you read the full article, read the
sentences taken from the article. Choose the correct paraphrases of
the sentences.
No. Key Explanation
1 B The market was dominated by one firm.
One company had a large share of the market.
2 B A long list of qualifications certainly doesn’t seem to be a prerequisite for
entrepreneurial success.
People don’t necessarily need to have lots of academic qualifications to do well
in business.
3 A Richard Branson set up Virgin Trains, which was described at the time as a
disaster waiting to happen.
Many people thought Virgin Trains would not succeed.
4 B Connections and financial know-how aren’t just an asset, but a must-have.
Knowing the right people and having the right money skills are absolutely
essential.
5 A Few entrepreneurs are given an easy ride by their rivals.
Entrepreneurs often face stiff competition from other businesses.
POST-CLASS EXERCISES
Exercise 1: Complete the sentences about IELTS Reading matching
features tasks. Use the words and phrases in the box.
No. Key Translation
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1 things, people The matching features tasks in the IELTS Reading test ask you to
or places match statements with a list of things, people or places mentioned in
the text.
→ Các bài Matching features trong bài thi IELTS Reading yêu cầu bạn
ghép các câu trả lời với danh sách các đối tượng, người hoặc địa điểm
được đề cập trong văn bản.
2 numbered The statements will be numbered, and the features will have a letter
(e.g. A–E).
→ Các câu trả lời sẽ được đánh số, và các đối tượng sẽ có một chữ
cái (ví dụ: A–E).
3 used more than There are usually more statements than features, so the features can
once be used more than once.
→ Thường có nhiều câu trả lời hơn là đối tượng, vì vậy các tính năng
có thể được sử dụng nhiều lần.
4 write on the Feel free to write on the question paper; although it will be collected at
question paper the end of the test, it won’t be marked, so you can write whatever you
want on it.
→ Hãy viết tự do trên giấy câu hỏi; mặc dù nó sẽ được thu lại vào cuối
bài thi, nhưng không được chấm, vì vậy bạn có thể viết bất cứ điều gì
bạn muốn.
5 find and One of the first things you should do is scan the whole text to find and
underline underline the features (e.g. people) in the matching features task.
→ Một trong những việc đầu tiên bạn nên làm là đọc quét toàn bộ văn
bản để tìm và gạch chân các đối tượng (ví dụ: người) trong bài
Matching features.
6 be paraphrased When matching the statements with the features, remember that the
in the text ideas in the statements will usually be paraphrased in the text, so don’t
assume that because words in the statement are the same as words in
the text, this is the correct answer.
→ Khi ghép các câu trả lời với đối tượng, hãy nhớ rằng ý trong các câu
trả lời thường được diễn đạt lại bằng cách khác trong văn bản, vì vậy
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không nên giả định rằng vì từ trong câu trả lời giống với từ trong văn
bản, đó là câu trả lời đúng.
7 prepared to The statements will probably not be in the order that they appear in the
scan forwards text, so be prepared to scan forwards or backwards from the previous
or backwards answer to find the next one.
→ Các câu trả lời có thể không theo thứ tự xuất hiện trong văn bản, vì
vậy hãy chuẩn bị quét tiến hoặc lùi từ câu trả lời trước để tìm câu trả lời
tiếp theo.
8 return to this If you think more than one statement matches a feature, note the
statement possible options, but then move on to the next question. Then when
you finish, return to this statement, look at the options you noted again
and choose the one you think best fits.
→ Nếu bạn nghĩ rằng nhiều hơn một câu trả lời phù hợp với một đối
tượng, hãy ghi chú các lựa chọn khả thi, sau đó chuyển sang câu hỏi
tiếp theo. Sau đó, khi bạn hoàn thành, quay lại câu trả lời này, xem lại
các lựa chọn bạn đã ghi chú và chọn lựa chọn bạn nghĩ phù hợp nhất.
9 make an If you really can’t find the answer to a question, just make an educated
educated guess guess, as you won’t lose any marks if you’re wrong.
→ Nếu bạn thực sự không tìm thấy câu trả lời cho một câu hỏi, hãy
đoán dựa trên kiến thức, vì bạn sẽ không bị mất điểm nếu bạn sai.
Exercise 2: Read the information. Then match the entrepreneurs with
the statements. Write the correct letter, A–E, for each answer.
No. Key Explanation
1 B He established his business at a young age.
“The businesses of many entrepreneurs seem to take off in no time at all – a
case in point here is Ben Towers, whose marketing agency, Towers Design,
employs 22 people, even though Towers himself is still in his teens.”
→ This matches with Ben Towers from the passage, who started his business,
Towers Design, while still in his teens.
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2 E He secured finance for his business very quickly.
"Tom Blomfeld demonstrated this when raising funds for Monzo, his
smartphone banking app. He set a new crowdfunding record by raising £1
million of venture capital in just 96 seconds."
→ This matches with Tom Blomfeld, who set a crowdfunding record by raising
£1 million of venture capital for his smartphone banking app Monzo in just 96
seconds.
3 A He has been prepared to take risks, often against people’s advice.
"One of Branson’s trademarks has been his willingness to try new things, even
when they ran counter to the wisdom of so-called experts."
→ This matches with Richard Branson, who is known for his willingness to try
new things even when they went against the advice of experts, such as setting
up Virgin Trains despite scepticism from others.
4 C His competitors illegally used part of his design.
"Arguably, he did the equivalent of someone today setting up an online search
engine and hoping it would challenge Google. And yet by 1999, Dyson
products had enjoyed such success that a High Court ruled that Hoover had
infringed patent law by copying an essential component of Dyson’s design."
→ This matches with James Dyson, whose designs were infringed upon by
Hoover, leading to a legal ruling that Hoover had copied an essential
component of Dyson's vacuum cleaner design.
5 A He benefited from a workforce problem within another company.
"Branson’s Virgin Atlantic has been in competition with British Airways,
particularly for dominance of the lucrative London to New York route. Industrial
disputes within BA have caused many of their customers to defect to Virgin,
something Branson is pleased about..."
→ This also matches with Richard Branson, whose Virgin Atlantic benefited
from industrial disputes within British Airways, causing many customers to
switch to Virgin.
6 D He viewed his past failures positively.
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"One of Dyson’s heroes, the American inventor of the electric light bulb,
Thomas Edison, famously said: ‘I have not failed. I have just found 10,000
ways that did not work.’"
→ This matches with Thomas Edison, who famously said, "I have not failed. I
have just found 10,000 ways that did not work."
Exercise 3: Read the sentences, paying attention to the words in bold.
Then choose the correct answers to complete the summaries of what
the writer is suggesting.
No. Key Explanation
1 didn’t do Hydron Ltd opened four regional offices in the 1990s. In hindsight, one
enough may argue that they could have opened considerably more.
(Hydron Ltd đã mở bốn văn phòng khu vực vào những năm 1990. Nhìn
lại, ai đó có thể tranh cãi rằng họ có thể đã mở nhiều văn phòng khu
vực hơn.)
The writer is suggesting that Hydron didn’t do enough.
(Người viết đang gợi ý rằng Hydron không làm đủ.)
2 an error was When Royal Mail shares were made available to the British public in
made 2013, the government charged just a little over £3 per share. They
should have charged substantially more.
(Khi cổ phiếu Royal Mail được cung cấp cho công chúng Anh vào năm
2013, chính phủ chỉ tính phí hơn 3 bảng Anh cho mỗi cổ phiếu. Họ nên
tính phí nhiều hơn nhiều.)
The writer is suggesting an error was made.
(Người viết đang gợi ý rằng đã xảy ra một lỗi.)
3 did something Priceright Supermarkets carried out an extensive and expensive
that was refurbishment of their central Leeds store in 2017. In fact, they needn’t
unnecessary have bothered, as the chain went bankrupt just two months later.
(Priceright Supermarkets đã thực hiện một quá trình tái trang trí toàn
diện và tốn kém cho cửa hàng trung tâm ở Leeds vào năm 2017. Trên
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thực tế, họ không cần phải lo lắng, vì chuỗi cửa hàng phá sản chỉ hai
tháng sau đó.)
The writer is suggesting that Priceright did something that was
unnecessary.
(Người viết đang gợi ý rằng Priceright đã làm điều không cần thiết.)
4 Lambert had a At this point in his career, Richard Lambert could have retired at the
choice age of just 39. Instead, he chose to set up yet another business.
(Tại thời điểm này trong sự nghiệp của mình, Richard Lambert đã có
thể nghỉ hưu ở tuổi 39. Thay vào đó, anh ấy đã chọn lập ra một doanh
nghiệp khác.)
The writer is suggesting that Lambert had a choice.
(Người viết đang gợi ý rằng Lambert đã có sự lựa chọn.)
5 did something In hindsight, I realise that I shouldn’t have charged so much when I
wrong first opened my business.
(Nhìn lại, tôi nhận ra rằng tôi không nên tính giá quá cao khi tôi lần đầu
tiên mở doanh nghiệp của mình.)
The writer is suggesting that they did something wrong.
(Người viết đang gợi ý rằng họ đã làm điều sai.)
Exercise 4: Read the information. Then read the article again and
choose the correct answers to the questions.
No. Key Explanation
1 D – D is correct: Throughout the article, the author portrays entrepreneurs in a
positive light, highlighting their successes, innovations, and perseverance. The
author discusses their achievements, challenges, and approaches to business
with admiration and respect, suggesting a positive attitude towards
entrepreneurs.
– A is incorrect because the author's attitude towards entrepreneurs in the
article is generally positive. The author highlights their achievements,
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innovations, and resilience, showing admiration and respect for their
endeavours rather than criticism.
– B is incorrect because there is no indication in the article that the author is
envious of the financial success of the entrepreneurs mentioned. Instead, the
author discusses their accomplishments with admiration and respect, focusing
on their innovative ideas and determination rather than their financial gains.
– C is incorrect because while the author does discuss the motivations and
characteristics of entrepreneurs, the primary focus of the article is not on
exploring their motivations. The article primarily highlights the achievements,
experiences, and strategies of successful entrepreneurs rather than delving
deeply into their motivations.
2 C – C is correct: The article discusses various aspects of entrepreneurship,
including the characteristics, experiences, and strategies of successful
entrepreneurs such as Richard Branson, James Dyson, and Ben Towers. It
explores the qualities and actions that contribute to their success, providing
insights into what it takes to be a successful entrepreneur. Therefore, the main
purpose of the article is to identify the attributes of successful entrepreneurs.
– A is incorrect because while the article does provide insights into the qualities
and actions that contribute to entrepreneurial success, its main focus is not on
providing explicit advice to readers on how to succeed in business. Instead, it
primarily aims to highlight the attributes and experiences of successful
entrepreneurs.
– B is incorrect because while the article mentions young entrepreneurs like
Ben Towers, it does not focus solely on examining why entrepreneurs are
young. The article discusses a wide range of topics related to
entrepreneurship, including the characteristics, experiences, and strategies of
successful entrepreneurs, rather than specifically addressing the age of
entrepreneurs.
– D is incorrect because while the article briefly mentions the interest in
becoming entrepreneurs, it is not the main focus or purpose of the article. The
primary emphasis of the article is on discussing the attributes, experiences,
and strategies of successful entrepreneurs like Richard Branson, James
Dyson, and Ben Towers. The article delves into their achievements,
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innovations, and challenges, providing insights into what it takes to be a
successful entrepreneur. While the article mentions the interest in
entrepreneurship, it does not extensively investigate or analyze why people are
interested in becoming entrepreneurs.
Exercise 5:
No. Key Explanation
1 C C (paragraph 5: Furthermore, although younger people are traditionally thought
to be more willing to try any number of routes into work before deciding on an
industry in which they want to develop, such an approach to employment no
longer excludes workers of a more advanced age.)
2 B B (paragraph 3: 'Older people are taking opportunities away from their
grandchildren. Post-education, those new to the world of work are not able to
earn any sort of living wage, nor are they getting the opportunity to develop the
'soft skills', e.g. social intelligence, that will enable them to flourish in the job
market.')
3 B B (paragraph 4: The 'zero-hours' worker ... can be instantly dismissed without
any hope of recourse. Employment laws [. . .] do not protect the new breed of
worker from being unfairly dismissed at
a moment's notice by their manager.)
4 A A (paragraph 2: This has a number of debilitating long-term effects, not feast
because this assurance of a growing economy is based more in myth than fact.
Thomas explains, 'Withouttax income, the economy cannot grow; if the
economy stays weak, new jobs will not be created.')
5 A A (paragraph 3: ... created a problem for a huge number of retired workers,
who are starting to find that the sum of money they have saved for their
retirement does not stretch far enough to provide the financial security that
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they had expected.[. ..] there has been a widespread return of these workers to
the job market)
6 A A(paragraph 5: Thomas agrees: 'Most of today's self-starters believe that the
job market offers a vast array of potential opportunities from which they can
learn and gain experience. Whether they have a wide range of existing
experience, or none at off, is irrelevant to them.')
7 C C(paragraph 5: A 2015 study by William Haroldson, How the Market Adjusts to
Opportunity, advocated a definition of a new type of mufti-skilled worker: the
model employee who not only refuses to age, but also does not want to work in
the same office every day, or even to be an employee in the first place. In such
a progressive, forward-looking environment ... )
8 C – C The Changing Face of Working Life
– A is incorrect because the conflict between younger and older people looking
for the same work is used as an example to support Lawrence's point that
younger people are becoming worse off because of older people's return to the
workplace. Furthermore, in paragraph 5 the writer quotes Haroldson, who
actively encourages cooperation between young and old.
– B is incorrect because, although modern workers' adaptability is praised, it is
also suggested that exploitation in the workplace is widespread, and even the
most adaptable could suffer.
– D is incorrect because, if anything, the passage discusses the type of
qualities that today's workforce needs, rather than wants.
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