Probability

1. A coin is tossed once. What is the probability of getting a head?

A) 1
B) 0
C) 1/2
D) 2
Ans: C) 1/2

2. A number is chosen at random from 1 to 10. What is the probability it is even?

A) 1/3
B) 2/5
C) 1/2
D) 3/4
Ans: C) 1/2

3. A ard is drawn from a pack of 52. Probability that it is a king?

A) 1/13
B) 1/12
C) 1/4
D) 1/26
Ans: A) W1/13

4. hat is the probability of getting an odd number when a die is rolled?

A) 1/6
B) 1/3
C) 1/2
D) 2/3
Ans: C) 1/2

5. A bag contains 4 red and 6 black balls. What is the probability of drawing a red ball?
A) 1/3
B) 2/5
C) 1/2
D) 3/5
Ans: B) 2/5
6. Two coins are tossed. What is the probability of getting at least one head?
A) 1/4
B) 1/3
C) 3/4
D) 1/2
Ans: C) 3/4

7. What is the probability that a leap year has 53 Sundays?

A) 1/7
B) 2/7
C) 3/7
D) 1/2
Ans: B) 2/7

8. A die is thrown twice. What is the probability of getting a total of 7?

A) 1/6
B) 1/12
C) 1/36
D) 1/3
Ans: A) 1/6

9. What is the probability of drawing a queen or a heart from a deck?

A) 1/13
B) 1/4
C) 4/13
D) 17/52
Ans: C) 4/13

10. A digit is selected randomly from 1 to 9. What is the probability it is a prime?

A) 3/9
B) 4/9
C) 5/9
D) 6/9
Ans: B) 4/9

11. Probability of getting all heads in 3 coin tosses?

A) 1/6
B) 1/8
C) 3/8
D) 1/2
Ans: B) 1/8

12. From the word "PROBABILITY", what is the probability of choosing a vowel?
A) 3/11
B) 4/11
C) 5/11
D) 6/11
Ans: B) 4/11

13. What is the probability of getting a multiple of 3 on a die?

A) 1/6
B) 1/3
C) 1/2
D) 2/3
Ans: B) 1/3

14. What is the probability of selecting a spade from a deck?

A) 1/13
B) 1/2
C) 1/4
D) 1/3
Ans: C) 1/4

15. If two dice are rolled, what is the probability that both show even numbers?
A) 1/4
B) 1/3
C) 1/9
D) 1/6
Ans: A) 1/4

16. What is the probability of drawing a black queen from a deck?

A) 1/13
B) 1/26
C) 2/13
D) 1/52
Ans: B) 1/26

17. One letter is picked at random from "EXAM". What is the probability of picking a
vowel?
A) 1/2
B) 3/4
C) 2/4
D) 1/4
Ans: C) 2/4

18. What is the probability of getting a tail when a coin is tossed?

A) 0
B) 1/2
C) 1
D) 2
Ans: B) 1/2

19. Probability of getting at least one 6 in two dice throws?

A) 11/36
B) 1/6
C) 5/36
D) 25/36
Ans: A) 11/36

20. In a leap year, what is the probability of getting 53 Fridays?

A) 1/7
B) 2/7
C) 3/7
D) 4/7
Ans: B) 2/7

21. What is the probability of picking a consonant from 'PROBABILITY'?

A) 7/11
B) 6/11
C) 5/11
D) 4/11
Ans: A) 7/11

22. One card drawn. What is the probability of getting a red face card?
A) 3/13
B) 1/13
C) 3/26
D) 1/26
Ans: C) 3/26

23. A bag contains 2 white, 3 red, 5 black balls. Probability of not picking black?
A) 2/5
B) 3/10
C) 1/2
D) 1/5
Ans: A) 2/5
24. Tossing 4 coins. What is the probability of getting exactly 2 heads?
A) 1/4
B) 3/8
C) 1/2
D) 6/16
Ans: C) 3/8

25. What is the probability of selecting a number divisible by 3 from 1 to 20?

A) 6/20
B) 1/3
C) 5/20
D) 2/5
Ans: B) 1/3

26. A box contains 5 red, 4 green, and 3 blue balls. Two balls are drawn at random without
replacement. What is the probability that both are green?
A) 1/33
B) 2/33
C) 1/11
D) 2/11
Ans: A) 1/33
Explanation: (4/12) × (3/11) = 1/11.

27. A family has two children. What is the probability that both are boys, given that one is
a boy?
A) 1/3
B) 1/2
C) 2/3
D) 1/4
Ans: A) 1/3
Explanation: Conditional probability considering (BB, BG, GB), not GG.

28. Three dice are rolled. What is the probability that the sum is exactly 9?
A) 1/8
B) 25/216
C) 1/6
D) 10/216
Ans: B) 25/216

29. A card is drawn at random from a deck. What is the probability that it is either a king
or a diamond?
A) 4/13
B) 16/52
C) 17/52
D) 1/4
Ans: C) 17/52
Explanation: P(King) = 4/52, P(Diamond) = 13/52, P(King of Diamonds) = 1/52 → 4+13−1 =
16/52.

30. A fair die is thrown. What is the probability that the number is even or divisible by 3?
A) 4/6
B) 5/6
C) 2/3
D) 1/2
Ans: B) 5/6
Explanation: {2, 3, 4, 6} are even or divisible by 3.

31. If A and B are two independent events such that P(A) = 0.6 and P(B) = 0.5, what is the
probability that at least one of them occurs?
A) 0.80
B) 0.90
C) 0.70
D) 0.65
Ans: A) 0.80
Explanation: P(A ∪ B) = P(A) + P(B) − P(A)P(B) = 0.6 + 0.5 − 0.3 = 0.80

32. A committee of 3 is to be formed from 4 men and 5 women. What is the probability that
it contains at least one man?
A) 120/126
B) 5/6
C) 1 − 10/84
D) 80/84
Ans: A) 120/126
Explanation: Total = C(9,3), Only women = C(5,3), So 1 − C(5,3)/C(9,3) = 120/126.

33. A box contains 10 bulbs, of which 3 are defective. Two bulbs are drawn without
replacement. What is the probability both are non-defective?
A) 7/15
B) 7/12
C) 14/45
D) 14/15
Ans: C) 14/45

34. A man speaks the truth 3 out of 4 times. He throws a die and reports that it is a six.
What is the probability it is actually a six?
A) 3/7
B) 1/4
C) 3/13
D) 4/13
Ans: A) 3/7
Bayes' Theorem problem.

35. Two cards are drawn from a well-shuffled pack of 52 cards. What is the probability
that both are aces?
A) 1/221
B) 1/26
C) 1/169
D) 2/221
Ans: A) 1/221
Explanation: (4/52) × (3/51) = 1/221.

36. What is the probability that a number selected from 1 to 100 is divisible by 3 or 5?
A) 47/100
B) 53/100
C) 34/100
D) 45/100
Ans: A) 47/100
Divisible by 3 = 33, by 5 = 20, by 15 = 6 → 33+20−6 = 47.

37. An urn contains 3 white and 2 black balls. A ball is drawn and replaced. This is done 3
times. What is the probability that all 3 are white?
A) 9/125
B) 27/125
C) 81/125
D) 3/5
Ans: C) 81/125
P(white) = 3/5, repeated 3 times = (3/5)^3 = 81/125.

38. If A and B are mutually exclusive events with P(A) = 0.3 and P(B) = 0.4, what is P(A ∪
B)?
A) 0.7
B) 0.12
C) 0.58
D) 1.0
Ans: A) 0.7

39. From 4 men and 6 women, a team of 4 is to be formed. What is the probability that the
team has exactly 2 men?
A) 1/3
B) 3/10
C) 1/2
D) 2/5
Ans: B) 3/10
Favorable: C(4,2)×C(6,2) = 6×15 = 90; Total = C(10,4) = 210 → 90/210 = 3/7.
40. A password consists of 3 letters followed by 2 digits. Letters and digits cannot repeat.
What is the probability that all characters are unique?
A) 1
B) 0.947
C) 0.786
D) 0.602
Ans: A) 1
Since repetition is not allowed and all selections are from unique sets (letters and digits), the
probability is 1.

41. A die is rolled twice. What is the probability that the sum is greater than 10 given that
the first roll is a 6?
A) 1/6
B) 1/3
C) 1/2
D) 2/3
Ans: B) 1/3
Only possible pairs: (6,5), (6,6) → 2 outcomes / 6 = 1/3

42. In a group of 10 people, what is the probability that at least two share the same
birthday? (Assume 365 days, no leap year)
A) 0.116
B) 0.1169
C) 0.8831
D) 0.75
Ans: C) 0.8831
Classic birthday paradox

43. A speaks truth 80% of the time. B speaks truth 60% of the time. What is the
probability they contradict each other?
A) 0.38
B) 0.44
C) 0.48
D) 0.52
Ans: B) 0.44
Contradiction = P(A true & B false) + P(A false & B true) = 0.8×0.4 + 0.2×0.6 = 0.44

44. A bag contains 5 white and 3 black balls. Two balls are drawn one after another with
replacement. What is the probability both are white?
A) 25/64
B) 5/8
C) 25/49
D) 25/64
Ans: A) 25/64
P(white) = 5/8 → (5/8)^2 = 25/64

45. A coin is biased such that head is twice as likely as tail. What is the probability of
getting exactly 2 heads in 3 tosses?
A) 4/9
B) 3/7
C) 6/9
D) 2/3
Ans: A) 4/9
Use weighted probabilities (H:T = 2:1 → P(H) = 2/3, P(T) = 1/3)

46. A bag has 4 red, 5 green, 6 blue balls. Two are picked at random. What is the
probability they are of different colors?
A) 15/23
B) 11/15
C) 29/35
D) 13/17
Ans: B) 11/15

47. A box has 2 defective and 8 non-defective bulbs. 2 bulbs are drawn without
replacement. Probability that at least one is defective?
A) 7/15
B) 4/15
C) 3/5
D) 1/5
Ans: A) 7/15
P(at least one defective) = 1 − P(both non-defective) = 1 − (8/10 × 7/9) = 7/15

48. If A and B are events such that P(A) = 0.6, P(B) = 0.4, and P(A ∩ B) = 0.2, what is
P(A|B)?
A) 0.3
B) 0.5
C) 0.2
D) 0.7
Ans: B) 0.5
P(A|B) = P(A ∩ B)/P(B) = 0.2/0.4 = 0.5

49. A fair die is rolled 3 times. What is the probability that all three numbers are different?
A) 5/6
B) 1/6
C) 5/9
D) 5/9
Ans: D) 5/9
P(all different) = (6/6) × (5/6) × (4/6) = 20/36 = 5/9
50. A person draws 3 cards from a deck one after another without replacement. What is the
probability that all are face cards?
A) 11/2210
B) 1/221
C) 2/221
D) 2/425
Ans: A) 11/2210
Face cards = 12 → (12/52) × (11/51) × (10/50) = 11/2210