1
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of Study
Sindhuli, is a place of historical importance, a place rich with diversities in terms of culture
and agriculture, has the ability to enrapture travellers. Looking at the green trees on the hills,
the rolling terrace farming, serpentine road and a warm weather- all make the journey a
memorable one. The hospitality of the people there made the journey even more meaningful.
For those who love citrus fruits, this is the time to visit Sindhuli; trees laden with oranges
seem to bow down to welcome you. The bountiful trees are not only eye pleasing but the
cultivation of oranges has been the bread and butter for the people living in this area.
However, one needs to walk carefully on the roads leading to the areas where the fruit is
cultivated as the construction of the roads leading to the cultivated land has just begun.
Sindhuli Gadhi is a historical fort and tourism place and also it is famous for orange and
Junar(kinnow). Junar and orange farming has changed the believes of as many as 7500
farmers in Sindhuli. When this citrus fruits also known as sweet orange was cultivated and
produced at the individual level, there were many who believed that Junar trees won't bear
fruits of prosperity. But around one and a half decades later, same people now own vehicles
and also educated their children with the earnings made by selling Junar. About 8000 to
12000 metric tonnes of Junar is produced annually in Sindhuli. And farmers make an annual
transaction of rs. 400 million in the district. With the rise in income and profitability of
farming Junar, youths in Sindhuli don not prefer going abroad as migrant workers. A
household at least makes rs. 50000 to 60000 from Junar is a year. There are families who
earn up to rs. 1.2 to 1.3 million in a year just by selling [Link] regenerative farming
methods aim to produce the healthiest fruits. At the same time we foster living soil and
functioning ecosystems that work to retain water and provide plants with the nutrients they
need.
Farming group plans to concentrate on fruits as its primary product. This includes fruits like
growing oranges, junars(kinnow), lemons, pears etc. The farm will have a capacity sufficient
to produce in excess of 200000 lbs of fruits per year. The farm plans to utilize traditional and
more advanced plant technologies to produce new cultivars. This strategies will allow
farmers group to produce crops during most of the year and will allow double cultivation of
the greenhouses with almost no additional heating necessary in the winter months.
There was both joint and nucleus family found in Junar growers. The active family members
2
were found less in number that was due to movement of active member toward cities.
• Healthy soils produce healthy fruits
• A vibrant ecosystem makes our farms more successful
• The regeneration of the earth natural resources is our responsibility
Farmers group is being formed from the acquisition of successful fruit farms. The latter has
long researched horticulture and agronomic techniques as well as compost and soil blending
technology now being promoted by the government agencies of Nepal. The farm is a
combination of cutting edge, highest quality and efficient fruits technology and production. It
is committed to the improvement of fruits taste and nutritional quality. It is being founded to
build upon an extensive array of biological and horticultural education, experience and
research of it's founders.
1.2 Statement of Problem
A recently emerged problem has been a growing concern for people of the area. The fruit
seems to be fresh and good, but inside one can see small flies. The fruits are infected with
fruit fly. Past years it was seen in 10 per cent of the fruits, while 25 per cent of the fruits are
affected this year. This is why farmers sold the fruits even before they ripened.
1.3 Objectives of the Study
• To identify the income range of fruit farmers.
• To identify the fruits produced in Sindhuli.
• To explore the problem of fruit farmers in Sindhuli.
1.4 Rationale of the Study
In the todays era the growth of agriculture is very bigh but the market condition is not
satisfactory, so the study try to address the condition and suggest policy makers to address the
situation and for he researchers it will work out as the base to conduct the research
1.5 Review of Literature
This technique can be recommended to growers so that they can carry out their own field
disease monitoring. A high level of expertise in carrying out the test is not required, thus
enabling growers to carry out the tests themselves. However, they should be taught the
technique properly to ensure the accuracy of the fruit farming. In the areas of uncertainty,fruit
can be tatsed. The technique is cheap and rapid, without a need for sophisticated equipment.
3
It can be used widely and can hasten the detection of HLB. (DADO, 2010.)
This result revealed that there is absence of citrus greening disease in the fruit collected
orchards of the Jalkanya, Ratanchaur, Basheshwor, Bhubaneshwori and Tinkanya VDCs at
Sindhuli district. PCR has been considered as the most effective, quick and correct
methodology of Huanglongbin detection in Vietnam (Taba et. al., 2006).
Sindhuli district lies between the latitude 26°55"- 27°22" north and longitude 85°25"-
86°15"east. Altitude varies from 168 to 2797 masl. In Sindhuli district, hill area (800-1400
masl elevation) has suitable climate for sweet orange (DADO, 2010). There are 53 VDCs and
one Kamalamai municipalit (DDC, 2008). Junar is being cultivated in 45 VDCs of Sindhuli
district. The Junar farming in Sindhuli is semi-intensive. The area under Junar cultivation is
1100 ha. Among them, 623 ha land has productive Junar trees and produced 7127 mt. in 2069
B.S.
The public sector, under the GON, is the major extension service provider in Nepal. Under
the MOAC, the Departments of Agriculture and that of Livestock Services are the responsible
institutions for extension services provision. In all 77 districts of the country, 15 District
Agriculture Development Offices (DADOs) and District Livestock Services Offices (DLSOs)
are respectively designated for agriculture and livestock extension services. The strength of
the manpower varies between those located in mountains, hills and Terai districts. In the
agriculture subsector, the number of Agriculture Service Centers (ASCs) located at the
subdistrict level are fixed—4 each in Terai and mountains, and six in the midhill districts-
irrespective of the number of farm households, scale of commercialization, agricultural area
covered, the types of crops grown, the level of poverty faced, access to information
and connectivity, existence of rural infrastructures, and so forth. Farmers can visit the ASCs
to seek advice, and extension workers do not have to make regular schedule to visit them,
except for a definite purpose of their own. The total number of ASCs is 378 throughout the
country while in the livestock subsector, there are 999 Livestock Service (Sub-) Centers
(LS(S) Cs) varying in number from one district to [Link] visit agriculture and
livestock service centers, often located in different places, separately to seek advice they
require. The attempt to provide a unified service from the same center failed as merger of
DOA and DLS did not last long.
At the local level, funding for extension support is very limited that the staff find no
resources for their full time engagement without forging partnerships with the Village
Development Committees (VDCs), or the District Development Committees (DDCs), (I)
NGOs, farmers groups, Community Based Organizations (CBOs), and other government and
4
private sector stakeholders. Local priorities funded from DDC sources ( which. 17 are mostly
from Central Government grants) are not, however, earmarked for agriculture purposes but
are meant to be used for infrastructures (roads, drinking water, telephones, etc) and for the
social sector (such as for education and health services). There is generally difficulty in
finding partners having the resources to address in needs in agriculture. In the absence of
having elected local bodies, JTs/JTAs have the added responsibility to represent as members
of the VDCs pursuant to the government decision.
Nepalese Horticulture has special interest on publishing research and development articles
related to horticultural issues in the country and likely environment outside. It also provides
space for such reviews, experiences, success stories, news and other communications. The
manuscript must be an original work written in English and published elsewhere.
1.6 Research Methodology
To conduct resources survey of Junar in Sindhuli district major orange and Junar growing
VDCs were chosen. The survey was carried out within two weeks. Discussion on different
issues have been given by a thorough review of literature available within and outside of the
country. Samples were taken by simple random sampling techniques. Among selected
VDCs at least 20 households from each VDC were selected for study. Semi structured
questionnaire was used for information collection.
Overall this chapter presents the research design and methodology used to select the sample
and population, sources of data, data collection techniques like development of the survey
questionnaire.
Moreover, this paper was prepared on the basis of review from different printed materials,
books, research papers, reports of different organizations like District Agriculture
Development Office (DADO), Sindhuli, Neopal and District Development Office (DDC),
Sindhuli, Nepal. The information provided was thoroughly read and important points were
noted. All information collected from various sources was entered into here.
1.7 Limitations of the Study
It is always better to identify and acknowledge shortcomings of research rather that to
leavethem pointed out. There were certain conditions that couldn't controlled by us.
• There is time constraint for the research study
• Non-availability of the various references of sources acts as constraints for the study
5
CHAPTER II
DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS
This chapter is based on the analyzing and interpretation of data collected during the study.
Here the data are analyzed with the objective of drawing valuable conclusion and inferences.
The main objectives of this research will be fulfilled with the outcome derived from analysis
of the data.
2.1 Data presentation and Analysis
The analysis is based on primary data which were collected through the questionnaire.
Further, this section is sub-divided into two parts. The first part deals with the respondent's
age, gender, marital status and the second part analyzes and the data collected through
descriptive analysis which deals with the perception of farmers regarding their fruit farming
in Sindhuli. To identify the respondent's knowledge regarding fruit farming in Sindhuli,
frequency and percentage were calculated and hypothesis was tested. From this calculation
the conclusion can be derived about the study of fruit farmers in Sindhuli.
2.1.1 Demographic Profile of Respondents
This section deals with the detail analysis and interpretation of primary data collected through
the questionnaire distributed to different farmers in Sindhuli. This section incorporates the
respondent's profile.
Age
Table no. 1
Age
Age Frequency Percentage
Below-25 7 14
25-35 21 42
35-Above 22 44
Total. 50 100
Source: Field Survey
6
25
20
15
Frequency
Percentage
10
0
Below-25 25-35 35- Above
Figure 1-Age
The age of the respondents consists of below-25, 25-35 and 35-above. The percentage of
below-25, 25-35 and 35-above are 14%, 42% and 44% respectively which is depicted below
intable 1.1
Gender
Table no. 2
Gender
Gender Frequency Percentage
Male 36 72
Female 14 28
Other 0 0
Total 50 100
Source: Field Survey
7
Frequency
Male
Female
Other
Figure 2-Gender
Among the 50 respondents participated in this survey 14 were females and 36 were males.
The percentage of male and female participants in the survey were 72% and 28% respectively
which are shown in table 2.
Marital Status
Table no. 3
Marital Status
Marital Status Frequency Percentage
Married 44 88
Unmarried 6 12
Other 0 0
Total 50 100
Source: Field Survey
8
Frequency
0%
12%
Married
Unmarried
Other
88%
Figure 3-Marital Status
Among the 50 respondents participated in the survey 44 were married and 6 were unmarried.
The percentage of married and unmarried participants in the survey were 88% and 12%
respectively which are shown in table 3.
Education Level of Respondents
Table no. 4
Level of Education
Level of Education Frequency Percentage
Lower secondary 17 34
Upper secondary 22 44
Bachelors 10 20
Masters & above 1 2
Total 50 100
Source: Field Survey
9
25
20
15
Frequency
Percentage
10
0
Lower Secondary Upper Secondary Bachelors Masters & Above
Figure 4-Education Level
Among the 50 respondents participated in the survey 17 people have completed lower
secondary level, 22 people have completed upper secondary level, 10 people have completed
bachelors and 1 has completed masters or above. The percentage of lower secondary, upper
secondary, bachelors and masters or above of respondents have found 34%, 44%, 20% and
2%respectively which are shown in table 4.
Satisfaction towards Income
Table no. 5
Satisfaction Level
Satisfaction Level Frequency Percentage
Yes 50 100
No 0 0
Total 50 100
Source: Field Survey
10
Frequency
60
50
40
30
Frequency
20
10
0
Yes No Total
Figure:5 Satisfaction level
Among the 50 respondents participated in the survey all of the 50 respondents have found
satisfied with their income. The percentage of all respondents have found 100%
Annual Income
Table no. 6
Annual Income
Annual Income Frequency Percentage
Below 1 Lakh 4 8
1-2 Lakhs 18 36
2Lakhs-above 28 56
Total 50 100
Source: Field Survey
11
30
25
20
15 Frequency
Percentage
10
0
Below 1 Lakh 1-2 Lakhs 2 Lakhs- Above
Figure 6-Annual Income
Among the 50 respondents participated in the survey 4 were found below 1 lakh
earning capacity, 18 were found 1-2 lakhs, and 28 were found above 2 lakhs earning
capacity. Thepercentage of below 1 lakh, 1-2 lakhs and 2lakhs- above havefound 8%, 36%
and 56% respectively which are shown in table 6.
Type of Family
Table no. 7
Type of Family
Type of Family Frequency Percentage
Nuclear 3 6
Single parent 41 82
Extended 6 12
Total 50 100
Source: Field Survey
12
45
40
35
30
25
Frequency
20 Percentage
15
10
0
Nuclear Single Parent Extended
Figure 7-Type of Family
Among the 50 respondents participated in the survey 3 were from nuclear family, 41 were
from single parent and 6 were from extended. The percentage of the nuclear, single parent
andextended were 6%, 41% and 12% respectively which are shown in table 7.
Experience of Farming
Table no. 8
Experience of Farming
Experience of Farming Frequency Percentage
Less than a year 0 0
1-2 year 16 32
3 years or more 34 68
Total 50 100
Source: Field Survey
13
40
35
30
25
20 Frequency
Percentage
15
10
0
Less Than a Year 1-2 Year 3 Years or More
Figure 8-Experience of Farming
Among the 50 respondents participated in the survey 16 were found 1-2 years of experience
in farming and other 34 were found more than 3 years of experience in farming. The
percentage of less than a year, 1-2 years and 3 years or more were 0%, 32% and 68%
respectively which are shown in table 8.
Rated Experience with their Job
Table no. 9
Rated Experience with Their Job
Rated Experience With Their Job Frequency Percentage
Very satisfied 0 0
Dissatisfied 0 0
Satisfied 48 96
Very dissatisfied 2 4
Total 50 100
Source: Field Survey
14
60
50
40
30 Frequency
Percentage
20
10
0
Very Satisfied Dissatisfied Satisfied Very Dissatisfied
Figure 9-Rated Experience with Their Job
Among the 50 respondents participated in the survey 48 were found satisfied and 2 were
found very satisfied. The percentage of satisfied and very satisfied were 96% and 4%
respectively which are shown in table 9.
Seasonal Changes and Income Affect
Table no. 10
Income Affect
Income Affect Frequency Percentage
Yes 47 94
No 3 6
Total 50 100
Source: Field Survey
15
50
45
40
35
30
25 Frequency
Percentage
20
15
10
0
yes no
Figure 10-Income Affect
Among the 50 respondents participated in the survey 94 were found that seasonal changes
affect the income of farmers and 3 were found that seasonal changes don’t affect the income.
The percentage of their opinions yes and no are 94% and 6% respectively which are shown in
table10.
Information about Fruit Farming
Table no. 11
Information about Fruit Farming
Information About Fruit Farming Frequency Percentage
Not at all informed 0 0
Only little 17 34
Well informed 33 66
Very well 0 0
Total 50 100
Source: Field Survey
16
35
30
25
20
Frequency
15 Percentage
10
0
Not At All Only Little Well Informed Very Well
Informed
Figure 11- Information About Fruit Farming
Among 50 respondents participated in the survey 17 were found only little informed about
fruit farming and 33 were found well informed. The percentages of only little informed and
well informed are 34% and 66% respectively which are shown in table 11.
Probability to Produce Organic Fruit within the Next 5 Years
Table no. 12
Probability to Produce Organic Fruit
Probability to Produce Organic Fruits Frequency Percentage
Definitely no 0 0
Probably no 0 0
Probably yes 46 92
Definitely yes 4 8
Total 50 100
Source: Field Survey
17
50
45
40
35
30
25 Frequency
Percentage
20
15
10
0
definitely no probably no probably yes definitely yes
Figure 12- Probability to Produce Organic Fruit
Among the 50 respondents participated in the survey 46 were found probably yes to
produce organic fruits within the next 5 years and 4 were found definitely yes to produce
organic fruits within the next 5 years. The percentages of probably yes and definitely yes
are 92% and 8%respectively which are shown in table 12.
Share of Household Income
Table no. 13
Share of Household Income
Share of Household Frequency Percentage
Up to 25% 4 8
26-50% 0 0
51-75% 40 80
76-100% 6 12
Total 50 100
Source: Field Surve
18
45
40
35
30
25
Frequency
20 Percentage
15
10
0
Up to 25% 26-50% 51-75% 76-100%
Figure 13- Share of Household Income
Among the 50 respondents participated in the survey 4 were found up to 25%, 40 were found
51-75% and 6 were found 76-100% share of household income. The percentages of the up to
25%, 51-75% and 76-100% are 8%, 80% and 12% respectively which are shown in table 13.
Selling Products
Table no. 14
Selling Products
Selling Products Frequency Percentage
Directly to consumers 0 0
Retailers 29 58
Wholesalers 20 40
Government corporation 0 0
Other 1 2
Total 50 100
Source: Field Survey
19
35
30
25
20
Frequency
15 Percentage
10
0
Directly to Retailers Wholesalers Government Other
Consumers Corporation
Figure 14- Selling Products
Among the 50 respondents participated in the survey 29 were found who sell products
to retailers, 20 were found who sell products to wholesalers and 1 were found who sell
products from another way. The percentage of retailers, wholesalers and other are 58%,
40% and 2%respectively which are shown in table 14.
Future Imagination
Table no. 15
Future Imagination
Future Imagination Frequency Percentage
Will continue as usual 0 0
Will continue and expand 49 98
Will sell it for ag. purpose 1 2
Other 0 0
Total 50 100
Source: Field Survey
20
60
50
40
30 Frequency
Percentage
20
10
0
Will Continue As Will Continue And Will Sell It For Other
Usual Expand Ag. purpose
Figure 15- Future Imagination
Among the 50 respondents participated in the surbey 49 were found that they will
continueand expand business in the next 10 years and 1 were found that he/she will sell
it for agricultural purpose. The percentage of will continue and expand farming business and
willsell it for agricultural purpose are 98% and 2 % respectively which are shown in table 15.
Conversion to Organic Farming within the Next 5 Years
Table no. 16
Conversion to Organic Farming
Conversion to Organic Farming Frequency Percentage
Definitely impossible 0 0
Impossible 0 0
Possible 33 66
Definitely possible 17 34
Total 50 100
Source: Field Survey
21
35
30
25
20
Frequency
15 Percentage
10
0
Definitely Impossible Possible Definitely Possible
Impossible
Figure 16- Conversion to Organic Farming
Among the 50 respondents participated in the survey 33 were found that they have
possibilityof conversion to organic farming in the next 5 years and 17 were found
definitely [Link] percentages of possible and definitely possible are 66% and 34%
respectively which areshown in table16.
Importance of Fruit Farming
Table no. 17
Importance of Fruit Farming
Importance of Fruit Farming Frequency Percentage
Very unimportant 0 0
Unimportant 0 0
Important 14 28
Very important 36 72
Total 50 100
Source: Field Survey
22
40
35
30
25
20 Frequency
Percentage
15
10
0
Very Unimportant Unimportant Important Very Important
Figure 17- Importance of Fruit F
Among the 50 respondents participated in the survey 14 were found called important and 36
found called very important. The percentage of important and very important are 28% and
72% respectively which are shown in table 17.
2.2 Major Findings
The descriptive study was conducted on 50 respondents to give an overview of Study of Fruit
Farmers in Sindhuli. The main purpose was to identify the various factors like income,
experience, products etc of the fruit farmers and perception of them which help to identify
their fruit farming.
For the purpose of conducting the study, a 20-item questionnaire was using convenience
sampling including respondents with different gender and age. There were 50 respondents in
total.
The results obtained from descriptive analysis are summarized below:
• There are 36 males (72% of total) respondents and 14 females (28% of total)
respondents.
• The highest number of the respondents are at age 35-above i.e. 22 respondents each
(44% of total) and the lowest number of respondents are at age below 25 groups i.e. 7
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respondents (14% of total).
• The highest number of respondents are from upper secondary i.e. 22 (44% of total)
and the lowest number of respondents are from masters and above i.e. 1 (2% of total).
• There are 50 on 50 people who are satisfied with their income.
• There are 28 (56% of total) respondents whose income at 2 lakhs- above and this is
the highest rank and 4 (8% of total) respondents whose income at below 1 lakh and
this is the lowest rank.
• The highest number of the respondents are from single parent i.e. 41 (82% of total)
and the lowest number of the respondents from nuclear i.e. 3 (6% of total).
• The highest number of the respondents of experience in farming 3 years or more i.e.
34 (68% of total) and the lowest number of the respondents of experience in farming
1-2 year i.e. 16 (32% of total).
• The highest number of the respondents from rated experience with their job is
satisfied i.e. 48 (96% of total) and the lowest number of the respondents from rated
experience with their job is very satisfied i.e. 2 (4% of total).
• The highest number of the respondents who said that seasonal changes can affect their
income i.e. 47 (94% of total) said yes and left i.e. 3 (6% of total) are the lowest
number of the respondents who said no.
• There are 33 (66% of total) are well informed about fruit farming and 17 (34% of
total) are only little.
• There are 46 (92% of total) respondents who said probably yes to produce organic
fruit within the next 5 years and 4 (8% of total) respondents who said definitely yes to
produce organic fruit within the next 5 years.
• There are 40 (80% of total) respondents who use share of the income from fruit in
their household income at 51-75% and 4 (8% of total) respondents are at up to 25%.
• There are 29 (58% of total) who do sell their products to retailers and this is the
highest rank and 1 (2% of total) who do sell products to others and this is the lowest
rank.
• There are 49 (98% of total) who do imagine the future of their farm in the next 10
years which is the highest rank and 1 (2% of total) who will sell it for agricultural
purpose and this the lowest rank.
• From descriptive and inferential analysis it is found that study of fruit farming in
Sindhuli. The descriptive analysis of the data collected from the survey is used to
24
measure the dependent andindependent variables under study.
From the research process, 50 respondents were taken. From the respondents view, data was
analyzed with the help of excel and various statistical tools was used. At the same time,
survey has included that all the respondents has satisfied with their fruit farming. From the
research most of the respondents has been found 3 years or more experience in farming. This
suggestedthat respondents used in the survey have experience and knowledge of fruit farming
in their life.
Further the study of fruit farming shows that respondents prefer more to produce organic
fruits. Whereas further research shows that they will continue their business in the next 10
year and will possible of the conversion to organic farming within the next 5 years. Similarly,
the response collected from the respondents are reliable as for all the statements.
After analyzing and interpreting the results of the research, the researcher comes up with
significant relationship findings. This findings will be worthy for making conclusion about
the study of fruit farmers in Sindhuli. Results indicate that their income is more that 3 lakhs
andmost of the respondents are relate with the fruit farming. It provides guideline for the
study of fruit farmers in Sindhuli.
As from the comparisons done with the past research DADO (2010) defined the fruit farming
and agriculture as: their way of getting income, experience producing organic fruit etc, it
literally means that their performance defines positive and dynamic process regarding fruit
farming. Likewise, the people who tend to have proper process and knowledge tend to get
success in getting profit and other activities as well. They are more into technical skills with
farming process and cultivating.
Similarly, the public sector, under the GON and under the MOAC found that specially Junar
was found cultivated in the range of 800 to 1300 meter along the Mahabharat range (DADO,
2011). It is believe and evidences that the Junar fruit was originated in Sindhuli district
(OVOP, 2008). These days the farmers of Sindhuli have special identity and highly valued as
Sindhuli ko junar ( Junar of Sindhuli) in Nepali market.
As observed by the Village Development Committee (VDCs) and District Development
Committee (DDCs) that Junar is being cultivated in 45 VDCS of Sindhuli district. One
Village One Product (OVOP) program was launched in four VDCs for production, promotion
and marketing management. It was noted that Junar trees in Sindhuli start flowering in March
and fruit is ready for harvest from Nov to Feb.
25
CHAPTER III
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION
This chapter summarizes the research process and result of the study. This chapter will
discuss the key responses to the research questions, the implications of these results. The first
section includes the summary of the findings & the second section includes the conclusion of
the study.
3.1 Summary
The study was started with the major objective of the study of fruit farmers and conducted to
know the fruit farming in Sindhuli. The collected data were analyzed and interpreted by using
statistical tools and charts like frequency, percentage and different tables.
The variables under study were measured with the help of 50 respondents. Respondents are
constituted with 72% male and 28% female. Different age group starting from below 25 was
taken an interval of 10 years. Most of the respondents were from the age group 35- above
years which included 44% of total respondents and remaining 7% and 42% were below 25
and 25-35 respectively. The respondents under this study belonged from three categorizes
family
i.e. Nuclear, Single parent and extended. Among these entire categorized family most of the
respondents were from single parent which included 82% and least from nuclear which
included 6% of total respondents. Among all respondents 44 i.e. (88% of total) were married
and 6 i.e. (12% of total) were unmarried.
Overall analyzed data has identified the study of fruit farmers in Sindhuli. Most of the
respondents agreed that they are satisfied with their annual income which constitutes 100%
and overall experience in fruit farming which constitutes 68%.
Similarly from descriptive analysis of the survey, the following results have been obtained.
Most of the respondents has positive attitude towards producing organic fruits. They also has
cleared that local consumers would be willing to pay higher prices for organic products.
Overall mean and standard deviation are shown above table. Overall mean has calculated
4.69 and standard has calculated 0.61.
From these outcomes we can say that respondents were clear about the study of fruit
[Link] total number of the respondents were 50 and they responded effectively as per
theset of questionnaire made. In order to find out the result of data analysis, SPSS was used.
26
3.2 Conclusion
The main goal of conducting this research design was to carry out the prime objectives about
the study itself. The main objectives were
• To identify the income range of fruit farmers
• To identify the fruits produced in Sindhuli
• To explore the problem of fruit farmers in Sindhuli
The research is conducted in order to find the study of fruit farmers in Sindhuli. As
mentioned the objectives above this survey has done to find out the income range, fruit
producedcapacity, problem identification of the fruit farmers in Sindhuli.
Fruits and Sindhuli have synonymous identity. Specially Junar is one of the major source of
income in Sindhuli. Productive junar trees over 565.5 ha. among 1077.5 ha. junar growing
area. The fruit farming in Sindhuli is semi intensive. There should be focus on more
commercialization and increase area under fruit cultivation in feasible locations. Most of the
fruit found used for fresh consumption and organic.
It was found that fruit farming is one of the major source of income in fruit growing area in
Sindhuli. The majority of farmers of Sindhuli district were found cultivating fruit since 3
years or more but some have inherited the profession from their ancestor. Although fruit
cultivation in Sindhuli district is an age old practice its use for sell and income generation
instead of homeconsumption is rather recent development.
There was both joint and nucleus family found in fruit farming. The active family members
were found less in number that was due to movement of active members towards cities and
foreign countries to earn money. The literacy level of fruit farmers were found very less as
shown above graph.
27
References
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(Junar) by Scratch Method at Sindhuli District. Journal of the Plant Protection
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Citrus greening test on Sweet orange (Junar) by scratch method at Sindhul District.
DADO (2010),District Agriculture Development Office, Sindhuli EK JHALAK. Folders
inNepali language.
DADO (2011), Annual Progress Report. District Agriculture Development Office, Sindhuli.
DDC (2008),JILLA PARSWA CHITRA, 2065 Sindhuli. District Development Office,
Sindhuli.
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