Pronouns: Definition and Types
A pronoun is a word that takes the place of a noun in a sentence to avoid repetition. Pronouns
help make sentences shorter and clearer by replacing nouns.
1. Personal Pronouns ()ضمیر شخصی
Definition: Personal pronouns refer to specific people or things. They represent the person
speaking (first person), the person being spoken to (second person), and the person or thing
being spoken about (third person).
Examples:
First Person: I (singular), we (plural)
Second Person: you (singular/plural)
Third Person: he, she, it (singular); they (plural)
Persian Meaning: ضمیرهایی که به اشخاص یا چیزهای خاص اشاره دارند.
Examples in sentences:
I like to read. (من دوست دارم بخوانم.)
They are going to the market. (آنها به بازار میروند.)
2. Possessive Pronouns ()ضمیر ملکی
Definition: Possessive pronouns show ownership or possession. They replace nouns to indicate
who owns something.
Examples:
Singular: mine, yours, his, hers, its
Plural: ours, yours, theirs
Persian Meaning: ضمیرهایی که مالکیت چیزی را نشان میدهند.
Examples in sentences:
This book is mine. (این کتاب مال من است.)
The house is theirs. (آن خانه مال آنها است.)
3. Reflexive Pronouns ()ضمیر بازتابی
Definition: Reflexive pronouns refer back to the subject of the sentence. They are used when
the subject and the object of the sentence are the same person or thing.
Examples:
Singular: myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself
Plural: ourselves, yourselves, themselves
Persian Meaning: ضمیرهایی که به فاعل جمله اشاره دارند و معموًال فاعل و مفعول یکسان
هستند.
Examples in sentences:
She looked at herself in the mirror. (او در آینه به خود نگاه کرد.)
We did it ourselves. (ما آن را خودمان انجام دادیم.)
4. Relative Pronouns ()ضمیر موصولی
Definition: Relative pronouns are used to connect a clause or phrase to a noun or pronoun.
They introduce relative clauses and provide more information about a noun.
Examples:
who, whom, whose, which, that
Persian Meaning: ضمیرهایی که برای وصل کردن جملهها و اطالعات اضافی به اسم یا ضمیر به
کار میروند.
Examples in sentences:
The girl who is singing is my sister. (دختری که در حال خواندن است خواهر من است.)
The book that you gave me is interesting. (کتابی که به من دادی جالب است.)
5. Demonstrative Pronouns ()ضمیر اشارهای
Definition: Demonstrative pronouns point to and identify a specific person, place, or thing. They
are used to indicate something in relation to the speaker.
Examples:
Singular: this, that
Plural: these, those
Persian Meaning: یا شیء خاص اشاره میکنند، مکان،ضمیرهایی که به یک شخص.
Examples in sentences:
This is my pen. (این قلم من است.)
Those are beautiful flowers. (آنها گلهای زیبایی هستند.)
6. Interrogative Pronouns ()ضمیر پرسشی
Definition: Interrogative pronouns are used to ask questions. They replace the noun that is
being asked about.
Examples:
who, whom, whose, which, what
Persian Meaning: ضمیرهایی که برای پرسیدن سواالت به کار میروند.
Examples in sentences:
Who is coming to the party? ()کی به مهمانی میآید؟
What is your favorite color? ()رنگ مورد عالقه شما چیست؟
7. Indefinite Pronouns ()ضمیر نامعین
Definition: Indefinite pronouns refer to non-specific people or things. They do not point to any
specific noun but are used to refer to some or all members of a group.
Examples:
anyone, everyone, someone, nobody, something, everything, all, few, many
Persian Meaning: ضمیرهایی که به افراد یا اشیاء نامشخص اشاره دارند.
Examples in sentences:
Everyone is welcome to join. (هر کسی میتواند بپیوندد.)
There is something on the table. (چیزی روی میز است.)
8. Intensive Pronouns ()ضمیر تأکیدی
Definition: Intensive pronouns are similar to reflexive pronouns but are used for emphasis. They
emphasize the noun or pronoun they refer to.
Examples:
myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves
Persian Meaning: ضمیرهایی که برای تأکید بر اسم یا ضمیر به کار میروند.
Examples in sentences:
I did the work myself. (من خودم کار را انجام دادم.)
You yourself must apologize. (خودت باید عذرخواهی کنی.)
Summary of Pronoun Types with Examples:
Pronoun Type Definition Examples
Personal Pronouns Refers to specific people or things I, we, you, he, she, it, they
(first, second, third person).
Possessive Shows ownership or possession. mine, yours, his, hers, theirs
Pronouns
Reflexive Pronouns Refers back to the subject of the myself, yourself, himself,
sentence. herself, ourselves
Relative Pronouns Connects clauses and provides more who, whom, whose, which,
information about a noun. that
Demonstrative Points to and identifies specific this, that, these, those
Pronouns persons or things.
Interrogative Used to ask questions. who, whom, whose, which,
Pronouns what
Indefinite Pronouns Refers to non-specific people or anyone, everyone, someone,
things. something, all, few
Intensive Pronouns Used for emphasis on a noun or myself, yourself, himself,
pronoun. herself, themselves
