Unit 4: Urbanisation

PART I. VOCABULARY
a. Vocabulary
Word Part of Pronunciation Meaning
speech
1. high-rise adj /ˈhaɪ raɪz/ cao tầng
2. urban adj /ˈɜːbən/ thuộc về đô thị
3. urban sprawl n.p /ˈɜːbən sprɔːl/ sự bành trướng đô thị
4. urbanisation n /ˌɜːbənaɪˈzeɪʃn/ đô thị hoá
5. leisure n /ˈleʒə(r)/ sự giải trí, sự thư giãn
6. convenience store n /kənˈviːniəns stɔː(r)/ cửa hàng tiện lợi
7. convenient adj /kənˈviːniənt/ thuận tiện
8. crowded adj /ˈkraʊdɪd/ đông đúc
9. rush hour n.p /ˈrʌʃ aʊə(r)/ giờ cao điểm
10. afford v /əˈfɔːd/ có đủ khả năng chi trả
11. housing n /ˈhaʊzɪŋ/ nhà ở
12. expand v / ɪkˈspænd/ mở rộng
13. seek v / siːk/ tìm kiếm
14. unemployment n /ˌʌnɪmˈplɔɪmənt / tình trạng thất nghiệp
15. affordable adj /əˈfɔːdəbl/ (giá cả) rẻ, phải chăng
16. infrastructure n /ˈɪnfrəstrʌktʃə(r)/ cơ sở hạ tầng
17. resident n /ˈrezɪdənt/ người dân
18. colonial adj /kəˈləʊniəl/ thuộc địa, thuộc dân
19. gradually adv /ˈɡrædʒuəli/ dần dần
20. modernise v /ˈmɒdənaɪz/ hiện đại hoá
21. concern n /kənˈsɜːn/ mối lo ngại
22. rapidly adv /ˈræpɪdli/ rất nhanh, với tốc độ cao
23. reliable adj /rɪˈlaɪəbl/ đáng tin cậy
PART II. GRAMMAR
a. Present perfect
Cách dùng Công thức/ dấu hiệu
- Nhấn mạnh đến kết quả của hành động (+) S + has/ have + V3/ed
I have done my homework. I have read this (-) S + has/ have + not +
book three times. V3/ed
- Kết quả mong muốn (?) Has/ Have + S + V3/ed
I have washed the car. (The car is clean now). ***DHND: ever, never, just, already, recently,
since, for twice, many times, ...
 KẾT HỢP THÌ
HTHT since QKD The workers of this factory have stopped working since the pandemic
Since QKD, HTHT broke out.
b. Double comparison
 SS LŨY TIẾN She is getting fatter and
a. Càng ngày... càng; mỗi lúc một HƠN fatter.
Adj/adv ngắn: S + V + Adj/Adv_ER + AND + She becomes more and

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 Adj/Adv_ER more beautiful.
Adj/adv dài OR noun: S + V + MORE AND Children spend more
MORE + Adj/Adv/noun and more time watching
TV.
b. Càng ngày càng ít …; càng ngày càng KÉM My father becomes less
Any adj/adv: S + V + LESS AND LESS + and less strong.
Adj/Adv Less and less money is
Noun: LESS AND LESS + Noun + V… spent on this project.
 SO SÁNH ĐỒNGTIẾN The darker it gets, the
Càng ………, thì càng……. colder it is.
Adj/adv ngắn: THE + Adj/Adv_ER + S1 + V1, THE The less money you
+ Adj/Adv_ER + S2 + V2 spent, the more you can
Adj/adv dài: THE MORE + Adj/Adv/N S1 + V1, THE save.
MORE + Adj/Adv/N + S2 + V2 The more beautiful she
is, the more
THE + LESS + Adj/Adv/N ,THE + LESS + miserable her husband
Adj/Adv/N is.
*CHÚ Ý:
 Tính từ một âm tiết tận cùng là 1 phụ âm đơn (trừ: w, x, z) đứng trước một nguyên âm
đơn thì gấp đôi phụ âm cuối rồi mới thêm -ER/ EST
big - bigger - biggest hot - hotter - hottest
 Tính từ 2 âm tiết, tận cùng là: y, le, et, ow, er, biến đổi như tính từ ngắn:
clever - cleverer - cleverest happy - happier - happiest
quiet - quieter - quietest
 Các trường hợp đặc biệt:
No Equal degree Comparative Superlative
1. bad/ badly/ ill worse worst
2. good/ well better best
3. much more most
4. little less least
farther (khoảng cách) farthest
5. far
further (thời gian/...) furthest
PART III. PRACTICE
Exercise 1: Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the
following questions.
1. The city's _________ struggled to keep up with the growing population.
A. leisure B. convenience C. infrastructure D. unemployment
2. Urbanization is occurring so _________ that it's hard for public services to maintain
pace.
A. reliably B. affordably C. conveniently D. rapidly
3. Environmental _________ are increasing as urban areas continue to expand.
A. concerns B. residents C. unemployment D. Infrastructure
4. The urban _________ has led to the loss of green spaces in many cities.
A. unemployment B. housing C. leisure D. sprawl

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5. Urbanization often attracts _________ looking for better employment opportunities and
improved living conditions.
A. housings B. displays C. stores D. residents
6. The rapid growth of cities can lead to _________, with wealthier areas receiving more
resources than poorer ones.
A. migrant B. sanitation C. inequality D. slum
7. Environmental _________ is growing as urban areas struggle to manage waste and
pollution effectively.
A. unemployment B. concern C. trend D. grid
8. Living in the city is often more _________, with easy access to shops, services, and
entertainment.
A. high-rise B. sharp C. steady D. convenient
9. A _________ is essential in urban areas, where the cost of living is typically higher than
in rural regions.
A. population density B. living wage C. convenience store D. urban sprawl
10. Despite the prosperity of cities, _________ remains a significant challenge, affecting
millions of urban dwellers.
A. fine B. poverty C. density D. leisure
11. Many _________ move to cities in search of a better life, but they can face challenges
such as discrimination and social isolation.
A. migrants B. slums C. stores D. concerns
12. _________ rates can soar in cities when there is a mismatch between the skills of workers
and the jobs available.
A. Infrastructure B. Resident C. Unemployment D. Sanitation
13. The city's _________ of public transportation systems has made commuting much easier
for its growing population.
A. fluctuate B. upgrade C. seek D. afford
14. As urbanization continues, the skyline is increasingly dominated by _________
apartment buildings to accommodate more residents.
A. urban B. convenient C. high-rise D. colonial
15. One of the challenges of urbanization is ensuring that housing remains _________ for all
income levels.
A. gradual B. affordable C. crowded D. sharp
16. A_________ network of services, including electricity and water supply, is essential for
the functioning of densely populated urban areas.
A. colonial B. crowded C. urban D. reliable
17. He has gone to the UK for further education since he ______ upper secondary school.
A. finished B. is finishing C. will finish D. finish
18. Peter has played football ________ he was a child.
A. for B. so C. since D. because
19. She _________ two miles and a half, and now she feels exhausted.
A. has run B. was running C. will have run D. has been running
20. I can’t find my eraser. Have you seen it ________?
A. never B. before C. recently D. just
21. My father ____.

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 A. has never smoked B. will never smoke C. did never smoke D. have never
smoked
22. We ____ Lisa recently.
A. won’t see B. haven't seen C. didn’t see D. are going to see
23. I ____ fifteen phone calls this morning.
A. am being made B. have been made C. was making D. have made
24. ____ anything so strange in your life?
A. Did you ever hear B. Was you ever hearing C. Have you ever heard D. Do you
ever heard
25. My job gets ____ every year.
A. harder and harder B. harder and more harder C. more harder and harder D. more
and more harder
26. She's getting over her operation. She feels ____.
A. gooder and gooder B. better and better C. more better and better D. more and
more better
27. The market for tablets is becoming ____ all the time.
A. competitiver and competitiver B. more and more competitive
C. more competitiver and competitiver D. more competitive and competitive
28. My dad's eyesight is getting ____. He can hardly see anything these days.
A. more worser and worser B. more and more worse
C. worse and worse D. worser and worser
29. Thanks to the progress of science and technology, our lives have become ____.
A. more and more good B. better and better
C. the more and more good D. gooder and gooder
30. Unfortunately, her illness was ____ than we thought at first.
A. serious B. serious and serious C. more and more serious D. the most
serious
31. It gets ____ when the winter is coming.
A. cold and cold B. the coldest and coldest C. colder and colder D. more and more
cold
32. There were a lot of people on the bus. It was ____ than usual.
A. crowded B. more and more crowed C. a bit crowded D. the most crowded
33. The more tasks I need to finish, ______ stressed I become.
A. the most B. more than C. the more than D. the more
34. It’s believed that ______ young people choose not to attend college.
A. more and more B. more and most C. the more and more D. the most and the
most
35. The more expensive a product is, ______ high-quality it seems.
A. the most B. the more C. more than D. most of
Exercise 2: Complete each of the following sentences, using the structure comparative +
and + comparative with the word in brackets.
1. It is becoming __________________ to find a job. (hard)
2. His visit to New York seemed to get __________________ because he was very busy at work.
(short)
3. Eating and travelling in this city is getting __________________. (expensive)
4. As the day went to the weather got __________________. (bad)

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5. We had to shop the discussion because the question we becoming
__________________. (complicated)
6. Your English is Ok now, your pronunciation has got __________________. (good)
7. Little John is becoming __________________. (active)
Exercise 3: Combine the sentences, using DOUBLE COMPARATIVE
1. She studies hard, she will get good grades.
→
2. You rest much, you will feel better.
→
3. The weather is warmer, I feel better.
→
4. We leave early, we will arrive soon.
→
5. We have much knowledge, we become wise.
→
6. You are young, you learn easily.
→
7. The hotel is expensive, the services are good.
→
8. You use much electricity, your bill will be high.
→
9. I thought about the plan, I like it little.
→
10. He is old, he learns slowly.
→
11. She eats much, she will become fat.
→
12. She is older, she becomes more beautiful.
→
13. You have much, you want more.
→
14. I waited long. I got angry.
→
15. I live far. I feel homesick.
→
Exercise 4: Read the following advertisement / announcement and mark the letter A, B, C
or D to indicate the correct option that best fits each of the numbered blanks
①
EXPLORE CITY EVOLUTION!
Join us for (1) _______ journey through time at our exhibition. Witness the transformation of
urban landscapes and lifestyles. From ancient (2) _______ to modern metropolises, see how city
life has evolved.
Date: December 29, 2024
Location: Hall, area A, Nha Be exhibition area
🕘 Time: 8 AM - 5 PM
Don't miss this chance (3) _______ see history come to life!

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#CityEvolution #Exhibition #DiscoverHistory
1. A. a B. an C. the D. no article
2. A. leisures B. concerns C. settlements D. unemployments
3. A. for B. with C. to D. in
②
VISIT THE USA!
Discover the wonders of (1) _______United States with affordable travel options. On average, a
(2) _______trip costs between $1,258 and $2,511. Daily expenses range from $48 to $98,
covering food, sightseeing, and local travel. Economy flights average $412 to $871. (3)
_______varies, with hotel rooms costing $85 to $112 per night or vacation rentals at $130 to
$159 per night. Experience the beauty, culture, and excitement of the U.S. without breaking the
bank. Start planning your American adventure today!
1. A. no article B. an C. a D. the
2. A. one-week trip B. week one trip C. trip one week D. one-weeks trip
3. A. Convenience B. Infrastructure C. Accommodation D. Urbanisation
Exercise 5: Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct arrangement of the
sentences to make a meaningful paragraph/letter in each of the following questions.
1.
a. Moreover, the potential for personal and professional development seems boundless.
b. The urban lifestyle is truly a vibrant one.
c. Eagerly awaiting our next meeting! Best wishes.
d. Dear Sam, I trust this letter finds you in good spirits.
e. In essence, this journey has been a profound one, broadening my horizons and instilling in me
the importance of flexibility.
f. Yet, the rapid rhythm of city life can sometimes be quite daunting.
g. To begin with, the cultural richness is remarkable; every day brings a new interaction with
individuals from diverse backgrounds.
A. d – b – a – g – f – e – c B. d – a – b – g – f – e – c
C. d – b – g – a – f – e – c D. d – b – g – f – a – e – c
2.
a. In addition, urbanization has spurred improvements in infrastructure, such as better roads and
public transportation, which enhance the quality of life for city dwellers.
b. Last but not least, the growth of cities has fostered cultural exchange and innovation,
contributing to a more dynamic and diverse society.
c. Urbanization in Vietnam has brought numerous benefits to the country's socio-economic
development.
d. In conclusion, while urbanization presents challenges, its advantages are pivotal in propelling
Vietnam towards a more prosperous future.
e. To begin with, the concentration of services and industries in urban areas has created more job
opportunities, leading to a reduction in poverty.
A. c – e – a – b – d B. c – e – a – b – d C. c – e – a – b – d D. c – a – e – b – d
Exercise 6: Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to choose the
word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 1 to 5.
①
Rapid urbanization can hold long-term economic, social and environmental promise for
developing if investments made now in infrastructure, housing and public services are efficient

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and sustainable, the World Bank says in a new report. In the next two decades, cities are (1)
__________ to expand by another two billion residents, as people move in unprecedented
numbers from rural areas to pursue hopes and aspirations in cities. More than 90 per cent of this
urban population growth is expected to occur in the developing world, (2) __________ many
cities are already struggling to provide basic (3) ___________ such as water, electricity,
transport, health services and education. Report authors note that (4) ___________ new urban
growth will not take place in the “megacities” of the world e.g. Rio de Janeiro, Jakarta or New
Delhi (5) __________ rather in less commonly recognized “secondary” cities - places like
Fushun in China, and Surat in India. To help policymakers prepare for and manage growth, the
report distills lessons learned from 12 countries across all geographic regions and stages of
urbanization. It then translates these global lessons into practical policy advice.
1. A. predictable B. predicted C. predicting D. predictions
2. A. where B. what C. which D. why
3. A. demands B. orders C. needs D. uses
4. A. almost B. most C. mostly D. nearly
5. A. but B. nor C. or D. yet
②
SUSTAINABLE CITIES: A CLEANER FUTURE
For the past few decades, there has been an urbanization trend around the world, where more and
more people are moving to cities. Since 2009, the UN Habitat (1) ______ that over 3 million
people are moving into cities every week. Urban areas have been an (2) ______ destination for
migrants in anticipation of finding a better job and a higher standard of living.
While migrants contribute immensely to the economies of cities, ever-increasing populations
raise issues of congestion, distribution of resources, and increased pressure on waste
management infrastructure, healthcare, and education. By 2050, it is estimated that 70% of the
world's population will live in cities (3) ______ makes the concept of Sustainable Cities an
efficient resolution to the growing population.
(4) ______, Sustainable Cities have an essential role in the urbanization trend to improve
residents lives by focusing on environmental initiatives and projects such as limiting CO2 gas
emissions in the air, using renewable energy sources, or bringing awareness to environmental
issues. With outdoor pollution killing over 3 million lives yearly, (5) _______ in cities, it is
evident that urbanization can increase the environmental effect upon cities. Many cities around
the world have redesigned their city planning strategies and commenced initiatives to target these
issues directly.
1. A. estimates B. expects C. claims D. counts
2. A. attraction B. attracts C. attractive D. attractively
3. A. whom B. when C. who D. which
4. A. Moreover B. Therefore C. As regards D. However
5. A. the most B. almost C. equally D. mostly
Exercise 7: Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct
option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 1 to 5.
①
AN URBANISING WORLD
More than two thirds of the world's urban population is now in Africa, Asia and Latin America.
Since 1950, (1) _______. Rapid urban growth has also brought a huge increase in the number of
large cities, including many that have reached sizes that are historically unprecedented. Just two

7
centuries ago, there were only two "million cities" worldwide (that is, cities with one million or
more inhabitants) - London and Beijing (Peking). (2) ______ Most of these million cities are in
Africa, Asia, and Latin America, and many have populations that have grown more than tenfold
since 1950. Brasilia, the federal capital of Brazil, did not exist in 1950 and now has more than 2
million inhabitants.
"Mega-cities," with ten or more million inhabitants are a new phenomenon. The first city (3)
______ was New York in around 1940. There were 12 mega-cities by 1990 (the latest year for
which there are relatively accurate statistics as data for 2000 censuses are not available or
censuses are scheduled for 2001); seven were in Asia, three in Latin America, and two in the
United States. In 1800, the (4) ______ was fewer than 200 000 inhabitants but now it is over 5
million. These statistics give the impression of rapid urbanization that is primarily (5) ______
large cities. But this is not the case.
1. A. the urban population of these regions has grown more than fivefold.
B. the urban population of these regions has decreased more than fivefold.
C. the urban population of these regions has grown most than fivefold.
D. the urban population of these regions has decreased less than fivefold.
2. A. By 1950, there were 80; today there were over 300. B. By 1950, there is
80; today there are over 300.
C. By 1950, there were 80; today there are over 300. D. By 1950, there were 80; today
there are an over 300.
3. A. reach this revenue B. to reach this size
C. reaching this size D. to be reached this revenue
4. high-rise size of the world's 100 tallest cities
B. crowded size of the world's 100 largest cities
C. affordable size of the world's 100 most comfortable cities
D. average size of the world's 100 largest cities
5. A. focused on B. amazed at C. independent of D. impressive on
②
Urbanisation is the rapid expansion of cities, characterised by urban sprawl and a large number
of migrants (1) ______. As cities expand, so does (2) ______ to support growing populations.
Many migrants move to urban areas to make a living, contributing to the urbanisation trend.
However, with this expansion comes concern about the strain on resources and services.
Urbanisation transforms landscapes and societies, reshaping (3) ______. While it offers
economic prospects, urbanisation also poses challenges in managing resources and (4) ______.
Thus, urbanisation's impacts on communities and environments (5) ______.
1. A. who seeks better opportunities B. seeking better opportunities
C. that seeking better opportunities D. where they are seeking better opportunities
2. A. the infrastructure for demand B. demanding infrastructure
C. infrastructure demanding D. the demand for infrastructure
3. A. the way people live and work B. people live and work
C. when people live and work D. to live and work
4. A. ensuring fair access to opportunities B. to ensure fair access to
opportunities
C. that ensures fair access to opportunities D. ensured fair access to opportunities
5. A. remain a concern pressing worldwide B. remain a worldwide concern
pressing

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 C. remain a pressing concern worldwide D. remains a pressing concern worldwide
Exercise 8: Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the
correct answer to each of the questions from 1 to 5.
①
Where the significance of migration to cities is recognised, it is widely seen as a problem. In
2013, a UN study of all 193 UN member states found that 80 per cent had policies to reduce rural
to urban migration. This figure has risen substantially in recent decades, up from only 38 per cent
in 1996. It is also more pronounced in poorer countries: 88 per cent of the least developed
countries reported policies to reduce migration to urban areas.
But this negative attitude towards migration to cities may well be mistaken. The WMR argues
that problems of access to services – such as housing, sanitation, education or employment – that
result from rural to urban migration, are not inevitable. Rather, they are caused by poor planning.
Although all socio- economic classes are reflected in migration to cities, migrants from rural
areas are disproportionately poor, and inadequate planning is often a result of a weak political
will to support them.
In this way, migrants who come to cities can help diversify the networks that the city can draw
upon – for instance, by linking cities to broader global networks. Perhaps the most famous
example of this is Eastleigh in Nairobi. Known as “Little Mogadishu”, this neighbourhood has
become a vibrant, global commercial hub, powered by enterprising members of the Somali,
Ethiopian and Kenyan diasporas.
(Adapted from [Link])
1. What could be the passage mainly about?
A. Migrants coming to urban areas from rural areas
B. Migrants coming to urban areas to find jobs
C. The effects of rising migrant numbers in urban areas
D. The analysis on why rural migrants migrate to urban areas
2. The word “pronounced” in the first paragraph is closet in meaning to____________.
A. ambiguous B. stable C. evident D. vague
3. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a consequence of increasing number of rural
residents moving to cities?
A. Poor access to services such as housing B. Problems with sanitation
C. Difficulties to find employment D. Overcrowding in the cities
4. The word “them” in paragraph 2 refers to ____________.
A. politicians B. migrants C. citizens D. poor people
5. Which of the following is TRUE, according to the passage?
A. 80 UN members states had policies aimed at reducing rural to urban migration.
B. Problems resulting from rural to urban migration linked to access to services are unavoidable.
C. Migrants who come to cities will help diversify the networks from which the city can depend
on.
D. Eastleigh in Nairobi is considered the poorest city in the world.
② The increase in urbanization causes different problems. Air and water pollution are
amongst the major issue we have to tackle.
In the first place, cars, factories and burning waste emit dangerous gases that change the air
quality in our cities and pose threats to our health. Dangerous gases such as carbon dioxide and
nitrogen oxides cause respiratory diseases, for instant, bronchitis and asthma those are also
proved to have long-term effects on the environment.

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 Furthermore, with the increased population, it becomes difficult to manage the waste
generated in cities. Most of the waste is discharged or dumped into rivers or onto streets. The
waste pollutes water and makes it unfit for human consumption. Subsequently, it becomes more
and more difficult for city dwellers to get clean water. Some cities in Africa are unable to
provide adequate water supply because most of the water is lost in pipe leakages. In fact, most
city dwellers in developing countries are forced to boil their water or to buy bottled water, which
is very expensive.
There are several actions that could be taken to eradicate the problems described above.
Firstly, a simple solution would be joining community efforts to address problems affecting your
city. Ask your parents, friends and relatives to join in as well. These efforts might include clean-
up campaigns, recycling projects and a signature campaign to ask the government to do
something about the situation. A second measure would be encouraging your teacher to talk
about these problems and to discuss how young people can help to solve them. Finally, writing to
local organizations working on these issues for ideas on how you can contribute to solve them.
1. The word tackle in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to ______.
A. deal with B. make up C. try on D. turn down
2. The word those in paragraph 2 refers to ______.
A. bronchitis and asthma B. carbon dioxide and nitrogen oxides
C. dangerous gases D. respiratory diseases
3. According to the passage, in some cities in Africa ______.
A. people are allowed to dump waste into rivers and on streets
B. people aren't provided enough water due to leaking pipes
C. people have found some solutions to the problems
D. people would rather use boiling water and bottled water
4. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?
A. City problems should be taught and be topic for students to discuss at school.
B. Children must ask for their parent's permission before joining community efforts.
C. Participators might take part in different kinds of projects and campaigns.
D. People can contribute in solving the problems by writing to local organizations working
on these issues.
5. Which of the following would serve as the best title for the passage?
A. Environment degradation: Air and water pollution
B. Environmental pollution: Problems and actions
C. Increasing urbanization: Causes and effects
D. Increasing urbanization: Effects and solutions
Exercise 9: Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the
correct answer to each of the questions from 1 to 7.
① Tokyo, with a population of 33 million people, is by far the largest city in world. It’s also
the most technologically advanced, and the city runs like digital clockwork. The automated
subway, for example, is so efficient that it is able to transport almost eight million commuters
every day and on the rare occasions that it goes wrong, nobody believes it. If you are late for
work in Tokyo and, as an excuse, you say that your train was late, you need to provide written
proof from the train company. The idea of late trains is almost unthinkable. There is very little
crime, violence, or vandalism in Tokyo and the streets are safe to walk by day or night. There is
also relatively low unemployment compared to other big cities in the world.

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But such a huge population creates serious problems of space, and as Marr flew over Tokyo in a
helicopter he saw football pitches, playgrounds, even driving schools constructed on top of
buildings. Streets, parks, and subways are extremely crammed. Property prices are so high and
space is so short that a family of six people may live in a tiny flat of only 25 square metres.
There are other problems too, of alienation and loneliness. The Hikikomori are inhabitants of
Tokyo who cannot cope with ‘the mechanical coldness and robotic uniformity’ of a megacity and
have become recluses, rarely or never leaving their homes. There is also a new business that has
grown up in Tokyo which allows friendless people to ‘rent a friend’ to accompany them to a
wedding or just to sit and chat to them in a bar after work.
Another strange group of people are the Hashiriya, Tokyo’s street racers who risk their lives
driving at ridiculous speeds along the city streets. During the week these men have ordinary jobs
and they’re model citizens. But on Saturday nights they spend the evening driving though the
city as fast as they possibly can. It’s a deadly game, but it’s just one way of escaping the daily
pressures of life in the metropolis.
(Adapted from New English File by Clive Oxenden and Christina Latham-Koenig)
1. What best serves as the title for the passage?
A. Tokyo: A city of alienation and loneliness B. Tokyo: A prime example of a megacity
C. Tokyo: How to avoid missing trains? D. Tokyo: The most developed city in the
world
2. The word “it” in the first paragraph refers to ____________.
A. automated subway B. Tokyo C. digital clockwork D. train company
3. According to paragraph 1, why does the idea of late trains seem implausible in Tokyo?
A. because the trains are automated
B. because it is capable of transporting nearly eight million commuters every day
C. because it is sponspored by train companies
D. because it is so effective that it just goes wrong on rare occasions
4. The word “crammed” in the second paragraph is closet in meaning to____________.
A. spacious B. occupied C. packed D. busy
5. The word “recluses” in paragraph 3 mostly means____________.
A. hermits B. introverts C. monks D. ascetics
6. Which of the following is NOT mentioned about Tokyo in the passage?
A. Due to the severe space shortage, property prices are so high.
B. In Tokyo, a new business has been growing, allowing single people to rent a boyfriend or
a girlfriend.
C. Some individuals tend to avoid going outside due to isolation and loneliness.
D. During the week, the Hashiriya are model cirizens and Tokyo’s street races on Saturday
nights.
7. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?
A. Japanese government is planning to invest more in constructing schools on top of
buildings.
B. People in Tokyo are too busy to even make friends.
C. Tokyo is a wealthy city, but it may be difficult to live there because of overcrowding and
busy lifestyles.
D. Living in Tokyo would make you solitary and stressed because of the busy environment.
② Buying a house is the single largest financial investment an individual makes. Yet, in
India this act is fraught with risk and individuals depend on weak laws for justice. Occasionally,

11
deviant promoters are called to account as was the case in the detention of Unitech's promoters.
This incident shows up the fallout of an absence of proper regulation to cover contracts between
buyers and real estate promoters. A real estate bill, which is presently pending in Rajya Sabha,
seeks to fill this gap. It has been debated for over two years and should be passed by Parliament
in the budget session.
India is in the midst of rapid urbanization and urban population is expected to more than
double to about 900 million over the next three decades. Unfortunately, even the current
population does not have adequate housing. A government estimate in 2012 put the shortage at
nearly 19 million units. If this shortage is to be alleviated quickly, India's messy real estate
sector needs reforms.
The real estate bill seeks to set standards for contracts between buyers and sellers.
Transparency, a rare commodity in real estate, is enforced as promoters have to upload project
details on the regulators' website. Importantly, standard definitions of terms mean that buyers
will not feel cheated after taking possession of a house. In order to protect buyers who pay
upfront, a part of the money collected for a real estate project is ring-fenced in a separate bank
account. Also, given the uncertainty, which exists in India on land titles, the real estate bill
provides title insurance. This bill has been scrutinized by two parliamentary committees and its
passage now brooks no delay.
This bill is an important step in cleaning up the real estate market, but the journey should
not end with it. State governments play a significant role in real estate and they are often the
source of problems. Some estimates suggest that real estate developers have to seek approvals of
as many as 40 central and state departments, which lead to delays and an escalation in the cost
of houses. Sensibly, NDA government's project to provide universal urban housing forces states
to institute reforms to access central funding. Without real estate reforms at the level of states, it
will not be possible to
1. According to the passage, which of the following is the pending in Rajya Sabha?
A. NDA government's new scheme B. Universal rural housing programme
C. Real estate bill D. Universal urban housing programme
2. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?
A. Current population does not have adequate housing in India.
B. India's real estate sector needs reforms.
C. Real state bill has been scrutinized by two parliamentary committees.
D. Urban population is expected to more than double to about 850 million over the next
three decades.
3. According to the passage, what is the source of problem in real estate?
A. Buyers and sellers B. Central governments
C. Market money makers D. State governments
4. The word alleviated in the second paragraph is OPPOSITE in meaning to ________.
A. aggravated B. deaden C. diminished D. relieved
5. The word possession in the third paragraph refers to _________.
A. lease B. need C. proprietary rights D. renting
6. The word escalation in the forth paragraph refers to _________.
A. decrease B. growth C. reduction D. Sustainability
7. It is impossible to meet the ambition of making housing accessible for urban dwellers
_________.
A. with real estate reforms at state level B. without support of central government

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 C. without passing the bill in Rajya Sabha D. without real estate reforms at the level of
state

Part II:
Read the following advertisement and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the
correct option that best fits each of the numbered blanks.

[Link] description
The Center of Travel dot com is a travel site that prides itself (1)___ providing a one-stop-
shop for travel needs. The website appeals to (2)___ do-it-yourselfer who is comfortable
transacting online. Users tend to be (3)____X and Millennials. This voice over will be used
for an international radio spot on satellite radio.

Question 1. A. in B. on C. with D. of
Question 2. A. the B. no article C. a D. an
Question 3. A. Generation B. Generator [Link] D. Generational
Announcement from Australia

The immigration card must(4)______ by, on behalf of, all passengers including children. The immigration card
must be completed accurately and in particular the question relation to an address in Australia. In the ( 5)____of
an address being unknown this must be answered as "unknown." The customs and Quarantine Form must also be
completed by all passengers.(6)____, married couples traveling together with children under the age of 18 years
aged only to complete one Customs and Quarantine Form. Thank you.

Question 4. A. be completed B. being completed [Link] completed D. completed

Question 5. A. match B. event C. place D. emergency
Question 6. AHowever B. Therefore C. In addition D. But
Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct arrangement of the sentences
to make a meaningful paragraph/ letter in each of the following questions.

Question 7.

a. I am interested in this job because I am a regular visitor of the Museum and I would love to
challenge myself working in a new environment. I also appreciate the pay rate and benefits that
this position can offer
b. Dear Sir/Madam, My name is Hannah Eastwood. I am a 26 years old female from Nottingham
c. Thank you for your consideration and I am looking forward to hearing back from you.
d. I came across your advertisement in the Sun newspaper and want to apply for the temporary
cashier positionat City Museum Shop.
e. I have 3 years experience working in the customer service sector. I used to work as a cashier at
an ASDA store for 2 years and as a store helper for a year.
f. Yours sincerely,

13
 A. b—d—e—a—c—f B. b—c—a—e—d—f
C. b—e—d—a—c—f D. b—a—d—e—c—f
Question 8.

a. Also,you can also make new friends through this platform. When you connect with people
from all over the world, it opens doors to learning about new cultures, values and traditions
from different countries.
b. In addition to this,it is also a great source of information and news. It helps in staying
updated with the latest happenings in the world and subscribing to popular fan pages to get
the latest updates
c. Firstly,Most importantly, it allows you to get in touch with people from the other side of the
world without spending a penny. It is also a great way to connect with old school friends and
college friends.
d. Last but not least,You can get great opportunities for employment through social media too.
e. When we look at the positive aspect of the facebook, we find numerous benefits.
A. e—a—c—b—d . B. c—e—a—b—d . C. c—a—b—d—e . D. e—c— a—b—d
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the
correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks.

Online classes have been the best possible solution for educational institutions as well as students
during the pandemic. Online education or online classes were not a new concept, but online
classes’ prominence was seen only (9)___. The online class provides a flexible and quick
learning option. Its adaptability and efficiency (10)___during the pandemic’s early days. It
lowers the distance between learning locations. There are a lot of advantages as well as
disadvantages to online classes. It is a versatile method of learning which helps connect with
people from various parts of the globe, (11)___. Students were given their comfort zone to study,
(12)____. It reduced a lot of paperwork, ultimately saving mother earth. Many renowned
institutions have changed (13)____to online methods because it made education more accessible.
There are also a few disadvantages, like, as a lot of students misuse these benefits and get
(14)____. But it all depends on the individual and if they want to make their career bright.
Therefore it is essential to know the limitations of everything.
Question 9.

A. when the pandemic B. while the pandemic

C. in the pandemic D. during the pandemic
Question 10.

A. made them more popular B. made more popular

C. made it more popular D. made them more popularly
Question 11.

A. which was not possible in offline classes B. that was not possible in offline classes
C. thiswas not possible in offline classes D. itwas not possible in offline classes

14
Question 12.

[Link] in better performance and productivity

B. resulting from better performance and productivity
[Link] in better performance and productivity
D. resulted from better performance and productivity
Question 13.

A. their learning methods B. its learning methods

C. his learning methods D. her learning methods
Question 14.

A. addicted to different games and social media

B. addiction to different games and social media
C. addicted for different games and social media
[Link] different games and social media
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the
correct word(s) for each of the blanks

Several countries across the globe offer benefits to parents (15) ______ have more children.
Some of these policies even directly encourage their citizens to procreate, while others are aimed at
providing for families who can’t afford to have kids on their own.

(16) ______ officials made many of these policies with their hearts in the right place, they only
contribute to the problem of overpopulation. Parents might not have kids for the tax benefit alone
(although some undoubtedly do), but they aren’t discouraged by government (17) ______ either.

Sometimes, these policies mean that parents with more kids create more income than those without
kids. Changing these policies won’t come easy, as many families (18) ______ on them for a sustainable
income. Still, we need to look at tax benefits and other government policies regarding one of the
overpopulation solutions.

One method of changing policy might be to reward families who decide to have two or ( 19)
______ children with tax breaks. This won’t harm anyone who has a larger family but might dissuade
some parents from having an excessive amount of kids.

(Adapted from [Link]

Question 15: A. which . B. who C. where D. whom

Question 16: A. Whether B. Such C. Unless D. While

Question 17: A. policy B. republic C. county D. estate

15
Question 18: A. wrap. B. rely C. laugh D. split

Question 19: A. fewer B. much C. many D. less

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the
correct answer to each of the questions

Most Americans have at least some daily interaction with people who do not share their race or
ethnicity, but relatively small shares say they have a lot of interaction. This is particularly the case for
whites interacting with racial or ethnic minorities and nonwhites interacting with minority groups other
than their own.

About a quarter of white adults say they interact with blacks and Hispanics a lot in their day-to-day
life. Among blacks, 26% say they have a lot of interaction with people who are Hispanic, while one-in-
five Hispanics say they have frequent interaction with people who are black. About one in-ten whites,
blacks and Hispanics say they interact with Asians a lot in their daily life.

A majority of Asians say they have frequent daily interaction with whites, more than the share of
blacks and Hispanics who say the same. About one-in-four Asians say they have a lot of interaction with
people who are Hispanic and 15% say the same about people who are black.

Asians are less likely than whites, blacks and Hispanics to say they have a lot of interaction with
people in their own group. The extent to which Americans interact with various racial or ethnic groups
reflects, at least in part, the shares of each group in the population.

((Adapted from Practical Faster Reading, By Gerald, CUP)

Question 20: Which best serves as the title for the passage?

A. Americans’ everyday interaction

B. Hispanics’ frequent interaction

C. What does Asians’ interaction reflect?

D. Interaction between people from other racial and ethnic groups

Question 21: The word “their” in paragraph 1 refers to ______.

A. ethnic minorities B. whites C. minority groups D. nonwhites

Question 22: How many white adults say they interact with blacks and Hispanics a lot in their everyday life?

A. 50% B. 25% C. 26% D. 20%

Question 23: The word “frequent” in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to ______.

A. regular B. angry C. reliable D. sincere

Question 24: According to paragraph 3, it is Hispanics’ idea that ______.

A. they have no interaction with blacks

B. they have the same daily interaction with whites and blacks.

16
 C. they have no interaction with Asians

D. they have the same daily interaction with Asians and blacks.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the
correct answer to each of the question

In many experience, freshmen today are different from those I knew when I started as a counselor
and professor 2 years ago. College has always been demanding both academically and socially. But
students now are less mature and often not ready for the reponsibility of being in college.

It is really too easy to point the finger at parents who protect their children from life’s obstacle.
Parents, who handle every difficulty and every other responsibility for their children writing admission
essays to picking college courses, certainly may contribute to their children’s lack of coping strategies.
But we can look even more broadly to the social trends of today.

How many people do you know who are on medication to prevent anxiety or depression? The
number of students who arrive at college already medicated for unwanted emotions has increased
dramatically in the past 10 years. We, as a society, don’t want to “feel” anything unpleasant and we
certainly don’t want our children to “suffer”.

The resulting problem is that by not experiencing negative emotions, one does not learn the
necessary skills to tolerate and negotiate adversity. As a psychologist, I am well aware of the fact that
some individuals suffer from depression and anxiety and can benefit from treatment, but I question the
growing number of medicated adolescents today.

Our world is more stressful in general because of the current economic and political realities, but I
don’t believe that the college experience itself is more intense today than that of the past 10 years. What I
do think is that many students are often not prepared to be young “adults” with all the responsibilities of
life.

What does this mean for college faculty and staff? We are required to assist in the basic parenting
of these students – the student who complains that the professor didn’t remind her of the due date for an
assignment that was clearly listed on the syllabus and the student who cheats on an assignment in spite of
careful instructions about plagiarism.

As college professors, we have to explain what it means to be an independent college student

before we can even begin to teach. As parents and teachers we should expect young people to meet
challenges. To encourage them in this direction, we have to step back and let them fail and pick
themselves up and move forward. This approach needs to begin at an early age so that college can
actually be a passage to independent adulthood.

Question 25. According to the writer, students today are different from those she knew in that they are __A.
not so academic B. too ready for college

C. responsible for their work D. not as mature

Question 26. The word “handle” in paragraph 2 is opposite in meaning to..............

A. ignore B. deal with C. gain benefits from D. lend a hand to

Question 27. According to the writer, students’ difficulties to cope with college life are partly due to
_________.

17
 A. the absence of parents’ protection B. the over – parenting from parents

C. the lack of parental support D. the lack of financial support

Question 28. The phrase “on medication” in paragraph 3 is similar in meaning to ___________.

A. studying medicine at college B. receiving medical treatment

C. suffering anxiety or depression D. doing medical research

Question 29. Which of the following is NOT TRUE according to the passage?

A. Our world is more stressful because of the current economic and political situation.

B. Our society certainly doesn’t want our children to experience unpleasant things.

C. The college experience itself is more intense today than that of the past 10 years.

D. College faculty and staff are required to help in the parenting of problematic students.

Question 30. Students who are not well – prepared to be young “adults” with all the responsibilities of life
will need ______.

A. to be assigned more housework from adults B. to be encouraged to meet challenges

C. daily coaching from their teachers D. to be given more social responsibilities

Question 31. According to the writer, failure in life and less support from parents will ______.

A. help students to learn to stand on their own feet

B. defeat students from the very beginning

C. allow students to learn the first lesson in their lives

D. discourage students and let them down forever

--- THE END ---

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