# Java Mastery Roadmap (Complete Guide)
## 1. Java Fundamentals
- What is Java and JVM
- Installing Java and IDE setup (IntelliJ / Eclipse)
- Compiling and running Java programs
- Variables, Data Types, and Literals
- Operators (Arithmetic, Logical, Relational)
- Input and Output (Scanner, [Link])
- Conditional Statements (if, else, switch)
- Loops (for, while, do-while)
- Break, Continue, Return
## 2. Methods and Scope
- Defining and Calling Methods
- Method Parameters and Return Values
- Method Overloading
- Variable Scope and Lifetime
- Recursion
## 3. Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)
- Classes and Objects
- Constructors (default, parameterized)
- Encapsulation and Access Modifiers
- Inheritance and Superclass Constructors
- Polymorphism and Method Overriding
- Abstraction (Abstract Classes and Interfaces)
- Composition and Aggregation
- Static Members and Blocks
- Inner and Nested Classes
- Enums and Constants
## 4. Strings and Regular Expressions
- String Pool and Immutability
- StringBuilder and StringBuffer
- Common String Methods
- Regular Expressions Basics
- Pattern and Matcher API
## 5. Arrays and Collections
- Arrays and Multi-Dimensional Arrays
- ArrayList, LinkedList, Stack, Queue
- HashMap, TreeMap, LinkedHashMap
- HashSet, TreeSet, LinkedHashSet
- Comparable and Comparator
- Generics in Collections
- Iterators and Streams Integration
## 6. Functional Programming and Streams
- Lambda Expressions and Functional Interfaces
- Predicate, Function, Supplier, Consumer
- Method and Constructor References
- Streams API: map, filter, reduce
- Collectors and GroupingBy
- Optional Class
- Parallel Streams
## 7. Exception Handling
- Types of Exceptions (Checked, Unchecked)
- Try, Catch, Finally
- Throw and Throws
- Custom Exceptions
- Try-with-Resources and AutoCloseable
## 8. File I/O and NIO.2
- Reading/Writing Files (BufferedReader, BufferedWriter)
- NIO.2 API (Files, Paths, FileVisitor)
- Directory Stream and File Operations
- File Watch Service (monitoring file changes)
- Serialization and Deserialization (ObjectInputStream/ObjectOutputStream)
## 9. Java Time API ([Link])
- LocalDate, LocalTime, LocalDateTime
- ZonedDateTime and ZoneId
- Duration, Period, ChronoUnit
- Formatting and Parsing Dates
## 10. Multithreading and Concurrency
- Thread Lifecycle and Runnable Interface
- Synchronization and Locks
- Volatile Keyword
- Thread Pools and Executors
- Future and CompletableFuture
- Concurrent Collections
- ForkJoin Framework
- Virtual Threads (Java 21)
- Structured Concurrency
## 11. Networking and HTTP
- Basics of Networking (Sockets, Ports)
- TCP and UDP Communication
- URL and HttpURLConnection
- Modern HttpClient API (Java 11+)
- JSON Handling (Gson / Jackson Introduction)
## 12. Reflection and Annotations
- Introduction to Reflection
- Inspecting Classes, Methods, and Fields
- Invoking Methods Dynamically
- Creating Custom Annotations
- Annotation Processing
## 13. Modular Programming (Java 9+)
- [Link] and Module System
- Exports, Requires, Opens
- Creating and Using Modules
## 14. Testing in Java
- JUnit 5 Basics (Annotations, Assertions)
- Test Suites and Lifecycle Methods
- Parameterized Tests
- Mockito Basics (Mocking and Verification)
- Integration Testing with Testcontainers
- Code Coverage and Static Analysis Tools
## 15. Build Tools
- Maven Project Structure and Lifecycle
- Dependencies and Repositories
- Plugins and Profiles
- Gradle Build Files and Tasks
- Comparing Maven vs Gradle
## 16. Design Patterns and Principles
- SOLID Principles
- Creational: Singleton, Factory, Builder
- Structural: Adapter, Decorator, Proxy
- Behavioral: Observer, Strategy, Command
- Dependency Injection
- Clean Code and Refactoring Techniques
## 17. Logging and Monitoring
- SLF4J and Logback Setup
- Log Levels and Configuration
- Logging Best Practices
- Exception Logging and Correlation IDs
## 18. Databases and JDBC
- JDBC Architecture and Drivers
- Connecting to Databases
- PreparedStatement and Transactions
- Connection Pooling (HikariCP)
- ORM Basics (JPA, Hibernate Introduction)
## 19. Spring Framework (Core Overview)
- Spring IoC and Dependency Injection
- Spring Boot Setup and Auto Configuration
- RESTful APIs with Spring Web
- Spring Data JPA (Repositories, Entities)
- Validation and Exception Handling
- Spring Security (Basic Auth, JWT)
- Application Configuration (Profiles, YAML)
## 20. Advanced Topics
- JVM Architecture and Class Loaders
- JIT Compilation and Garbage Collection
- Memory Model (Heap, Stack, GC tuning)
- Profiling Tools (jconsole, jvisualvm, Flight Recorder)
- Performance Optimization
- Java Native Interface (JNI)
- Bytecode Inspection (javap)
## 21. Build, Deployment, and Cloud
- Packaging JARs and WARs
- Dockerizing Java Applications
- Environment Configuration
- CI/CD Basics (GitHub Actions, Jenkins)
- Deploying on AWS, Azure, or GCP
## 22. Developer Tools and Best Practices
- Git and GitHub (Branching, Pull Requests)
- IDE Shortcuts and Debugging (IntelliJ / Eclipse)
- Code Formatting and Linting (Checkstyle, SonarLint)
- Documentation with Javadoc
## 23. Real-World Projects and Architecture
- Building Multi-module Maven Project
- REST API + Database + Docker Integration
- Layered Architecture (Controller, Service, Repository)
- Clean Architecture Concepts
- Unit + Integration Testing
- Monitoring and Logging Integration
