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Basic Java

Java is a high-level, object-oriented programming language that operates on the principle of 'Write Once, Run Anywhere' through the Java Virtual Machine (JVM). The document outlines Java's architecture, basic program structure, data types, control statements, object-oriented programming concepts, and exception handling. It also includes examples of variables, operators, arrays, and input/output operations.

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3 views5 pages

Basic Java

Java is a high-level, object-oriented programming language that operates on the principle of 'Write Once, Run Anywhere' through the Java Virtual Machine (JVM). The document outlines Java's architecture, basic program structure, data types, control statements, object-oriented programming concepts, and exception handling. It also includes examples of variables, operators, arrays, and input/output operations.

Uploaded by

aronrahul112000
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

☕ What is Java?

Java is a high-level, object-oriented, platform-independent programming language.​


It follows the “Write Once, Run Anywhere” principle using the Java Virtual Machine (JVM).

⚙️ Java Architecture
Source Code (.java)
↓
Java Compiler (javac)
↓
Bytecode (.class)
↓
Java Virtual Machine (JVM)
↓
Machine Code (Platform Specific)

Key Components:

●​ JDK (Java Development Kit) – Tools for development (compiler, debugger, JRE).​

●​ JRE (Java Runtime Environment) – Runs Java programs.​

●​ JVM (Java Virtual Machine) – Executes bytecode.​

🧱 Basic Structure of a Java Program


public class HelloWorld {
public static void main(String[] args) {
[Link]("Hello, Java!");
}
}

Explanation:
●​ class → Blueprint for objects.​

●​ public static void main(String[] args) → Entry point of the program.​

●​ [Link]() → Prints output to the console.​

🧮 Data Types
🔹 Primitive Types
Type Size Example

byte 1 byte byte b = 10;

short 2 short s = 20;


bytes

int 4 int x = 100;


bytes

long 8 long l = 1000L;


bytes

float 4 float f = 10.5f;


bytes

double 8 double d = 99.99;


bytes

char 2 char c = 'A';


bytes

boolea 1 bit boolean flag = true;


n

🔢 Variables and Constants


int age = 25; // variable
final double PI = 3.14159; // constant
🔄 Operators
Type Examples

Arithmetic +, -, *, /, %

Relational ==, !=, >, <, >=, <=

Logical &&, ||, !

Assignment =, +=, -=, *=, /=

Increment/Decremen ++, --
t

🔁 Control Statements
if-else
if(age >= 18)
[Link]("Adult");
else
[Link]("Minor");

switch
switch(day) {
case 1: [Link]("Monday"); break;
case 2: [Link]("Tuesday"); break;
default: [Link]("Invalid");
}

Loops
for(int i=1; i<=5; i++)
[Link](i);

int j = 1;
while(j <= 5) {
[Link](j);
j++;
}

int k = 1;
do {
[Link](k);
k++;
} while(k <= 5);

🧰 Arrays
int[] numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
[Link](numbers[2]); // Output: 3

🧩 OOP Concepts
1.​ Class – Blueprint for creating objects.​

2.​ Object – Instance of a class.​

3.​ Encapsulation – Hiding data using private fields and public getters/setters.​

4.​ Inheritance – Reusing code from another class using extends.​

5.​ Polymorphism – Method Overloading & Overriding.​

6.​ Abstraction – Hiding implementation using abstract classes or interfaces.​

🧮 Example: Class and Object


class Car {
String brand;
void start() {
[Link](brand + " is starting...");
}
}

public class Main {


public static void main(String[] args) {
Car c1 = new Car();
[Link] = "Tesla";
[Link](); // Output: Tesla is starting...
}
}

⚙️ Input/Output Example
import [Link];

public class InputExample {


public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner sc = new Scanner([Link]);
[Link]("Enter your name: ");
String name = [Link]();
[Link]("Hello, " + name + "!");
}
}

📦 Packages and Imports


package [Link]; // defines package
import [Link].*; // imports utility classes

🧾 Exception Handling
try {
int result = 10 / 0;

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