ENT Question Bank for DLO Exam
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athirarlal398ENT Question Bank for DLO Exam
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athirarlal398Common questions
Powered by AIChronic otitis media can lead to intracranial complications like meningitis and brain abscess due to direct extension or thrombophlebitis. Extracranial complications include mastoiditis and labyrinthitis, which risk sensorineural hearing loss or vertigo if unchecked .
The facial nerve courses through the temporal bone, parotid gland, and is vulnerable during ear surgeries like mastoidectomy. Surgeons often use intraoperative nerve monitoring and meticulous surgical techniques to protect the nerve’s structural integrity, thereby preventing facial palsy .
Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery (FESS) is indicated for patients with chronic sinusitis unresponsive to medical treatment. The procedure involves using an endoscope to remove obstruction and restore normal drainage pathways. This targeted approach minimizes tissue damage and recovery time, offering significant symptom relief and improved sinus function .
The nasal septum is primarily supplied by branches of the anterior and posterior ethmoidal arteries from the ophthalmic artery and the sphenopalatine artery from the maxillary artery. A deviation can impede airflow, leading to obstructed nasal passages, recurrent sinusitis, and even epistaxis due to altered hemodynamics .
Ménière’s disease is characterized by episodic vertigo, fluctuating hearing loss, tinnitus, and aural fullness. Management involves lifestyle modifications, diuretics, vestibular suppressants, and in severe cases, surgical options like endolymphatic sac decompression to reduce symptoms and prevent hearing deterioration .
Cholesteatoma is characterized by the growth of keratinizing squamous epithelium within the middle ear, often resulting from chronic Eustachian tube dysfunction and negative ear pressure. Management typically involves surgical intervention, such as tympanomastoidectomy, to excise the lesion and reconstruct hearing mechanisms, aiming to prevent recurrence and complications .
The larynx is anatomically bounded by the epiglottis at the top, cricoid cartilage at the bottom, and contains the vocal cords within. Its location and structure provide protection to the lower airway from aspiration of food and facilitate phonation by enabling the vibration of the vocal cords .
Nasal polyps arise from chronic inflammation associated with conditions like asthma or aspirin sensitivity. They are soft, painless, and typically bilateral, contrasting with unilateral obstructive lesions which may suggest neoplasms. Treatment involves corticosteroids and, in refractory cases, surgical removal to alleviate nasal blockage and sinusitis .
ENT endoscopes, like flexible and rigid endoscopes, are pivotal for diagnosis and intervention in nasal sinus procedures, laryngoscopy, and otoscopy. Endoscopic technology allows enhanced visualization, precision, and minimally invasive approaches, thereby improving diagnostic accuracy, reducing recovery time, and minimizing complications .
Audiograms graphically represent a person's hearing threshold levels across various frequencies. Conductive hearing loss is depicted by air-bone gaps, while sensorineural loss shows uniformly elevated thresholds. Impedance audiometry evaluates middle ear function, with compliance curves suggesting issues like tympanic membrane perforation or fluid accumulation .
