Lyceum of the Philippines University - Cavite

College of Liberal Arts and Education

PHYSICAL ACTIVITIES TOWARD

HEALTH AND FITNESS 3
(PATHFIT 3)

SPORTS (BASIC ARNIS)

1ST SEMESTER AY: 2025-2026

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 Course Overview

I. COURSE INTRODUCTION
a. Review of University and College Vision, Mission and Core Values
b. Course Description, Policies, Requirements and Grading System
c. Online Course Policies

II. PRELIMINARY PERIOD

Module 1 – History of Arnis
Module 2 – Preparatory Exercises, Preliminary Skills and Basic Twirling
Module 3 – Stances and On-guard Position
Module 4 – Basic Striking Techniques
Module 5- Blocking

III. MIDTERM PERIOD

Module 6 – Single Sinawali
Module 7 – Double Sinawali

IV. FINAL PERIOD

Module 8 - Anyo

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 Course Introduction

Vision
An internationally accredited University dedicated to innovation and excellence in the
service of God and country.

Mission
Lyceum of the Philippines University, espousing the ideals of Jose P. Laurel, is committed
to the following missions:
1. Advance and preserve knowledge by undertaking research and disseminating and
utilizing the results. – RESEARCH
2. Provide equitable access to learning through relevant, innovative, industry-based and
environment-conscious programs and services in the context of nationalism and
internationalism. – INSTRUCTION and QUALITY SERVICES
3. Provide necessary knowledge and skills to meet entrepreneurial development and the
managerial requirements of the industry. – INSTRUCTION
4. Establish local and international linkages that will be the source of learning and growth
of the members of academic community. – INSTRUCTION AND INSTITUTIONAL
DEVELOPMENT
5. Support a sustainable community extension program and be a catalyst for social
transformation and custodian of Filipino culture and heritage. – COMMUNITY
EXTENSION
6. Build a community of God-centered, nationalistic, environment conscious, and globally
competitive professionals with wholesome values and attitudes. –
PROFESSIONALISM and VALUES

LPU Core Values

L - Love of God J - Justice
P - Professional Integrity N - Nationalism P - Perseverance
U - Unity L – Leadership

COLLEGE VISION
CLAE envisions itself as a center of internationally recognized programs in the fields
of liberal arts and education programs committed to promoting LPU ideals – Veritas
et Fortitudo, Pro Deo et Patria.

COLLEGE MISSION
The College of Liberal Arts and Education is committed to the following mission:

1. Conduct relevant research in liberal arts and education to advance

knowledge.

2. Link academic community to potential local and global partners.

3. Apply innovative strategies in industry-based teaching and learning.

4. Equip graduates with knowledge and skills to be globally competitive.

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 5. Advocate nationalism, arts, and cultural preservation.

6. Nurture values and professionalism through experiential learning and

immersion.

7. Serve the needs of the community by engaging in community outreach

programs.

Course Description

This course introduces students to Arnis, the national martial art and sport of
the Philippines. It focuses on the fundamental skills, techniques, and history of Arnis,
emphasizing both its traditional and modern forms. Students will develop
coordination, discipline, self-defense skills, and an appreciation of Filipino culture
through individual and partner-based drills. The course also promotes physical fitness,
mental focus, and respect for others—core values rooted in the practice of Arnis.

Course Outcomes

At the end of the online course, the student can be able to:
1. Affective
1.1 appreciate the sport and the values and skills learned in the process of knowing
how it is played at a competitive or recreational level.

2. Cognitive
2.1 define and characterize the nature of arnis,
2.2 understand the different concepts and principles related to learning the sport.

3. Psychomotor
3.1 execute the different skills properly while maintaining the correct forms and
positions.

Safety for Practice

1. Always practice in a place that is big enough for you to move freely, and
nothing can be damaged.

2. Do warm up before the main activity and cool - down stretches after the
workout.

Practice Standard:

1. Read the module and the topic first before engaging in prescribed physical
activity.
2. Do warm-up activities for the least five (5) minutes to ensure the body is ready for
more intense activities.
3. Always check the arnis stick for damage to ensure good and safe practice.
4. Plan your way to record your activities for evaluation purposes.
5. Encourage family members to join your activity.

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Communication with the Instructor:

1. Questions and other related matters can be communicated with the Instructor thru e-
mail, SMS, or online messaging.
2. Make sure to have the necessary information from your Instructor.
3. Data privacy must strictly observe.
4. Class requirements and expectations must be discussed in separately.

Course Requirements

1. Major Examination (Prelim, Midterm, Final Exam)

2. Quizzes, Reflection Papers, Practical Activities and Recorded
Performances

Prelim Exam (PE) 40%

Prelim Period Grade (G1) Creative Academic Performance (CAP) 1 60% 100%

Midterm Exam (ME) 40%

Midterm Period Grade (G2) Creative Academic Performance (CAP) 2 60% 100%

Final Exam (FE) 40%

Final Period Grade (G3) Creative Academic Performance (CAP) 3 60% 100%

Final Grade (FG) = G1 + G2 + G3

3

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Module 1: What is Arnis?

About the Module:

The first module will introduce the student to the nature, description, and
development of the arnis.

Objectives:

At the end of the module, students should be able to:

1. Define and characterize the nature of arnis.

2. Value the benefits of playing arnis.
3. Identify the different equipment used in practicing arnis as physical
education activities.
4. Trace the history and development of arnis.

Activity: Reading about definition, characteristics, values, and history of arnis.

Evaluation: Writing an essay, answering the given quiz.

Content:

Definition and Description of Arnis

The word Arnis was used by Filipinos during the 18th century Spanish colonial period,
to refer to the system of skirmish using the sword, stick and empty hands. It means similar to
common folks’ word of ‘espadahan’ or swordplay. It was derived from the Spanish word
“arnes,” which means harness, armor, or weapons.

In other regions of the country, arnis are known as eskrima, baston, garrote and
estocada. Nowadays, arnis is the popular name used by practitioners and school teachers among
Tagalog regions and some Visayan provinces.

The Republic Act 9850, known as the Law Decelerating Arnis as National Martial Art
and Sport of the Philippines, defined it as, the Filipino martial art of using impact, bladed
weapons and empty hands. Arnis is an indigenized martial art and sport characterized by the
use of one (1) or two (2) sticks or any similar implements or with bare hands and feet also used
for striking, blocking, locking and grappling with the use of the same principle as that with the
cane.

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 In arnis, it has three forms of practices; these are the ‘Solo Baston’ in which only one
stick is used, ‘Doble Baston’ or “Sinawali’ in which two long sticks are utilized, and ‘Espada
y Daga’ (sword and dagger) wherein one long and one short stick are used by the performers;
“mano-mano at buno’ (hand to hand and grappling) are also integral part of arnis training.

Three methods of teaching are employed by arnis teachers. The first consists of
demonstrating the skill (muestracion) of swinging and stroking in offensive and defensive
maneuvers, with the students imitating the movements, followed by repetitive drills. This
method is known as Pandalag. Another method is to make the students perform pre-arranged
or choreographed sequence of movements in pair in which one act as the attacker while the
other is responding, this referred to as the Sangga at Patama, and the Labanan (sparring) where
two students using all the skills they have mastered engage in free play whether in full contact
(todo juego) or controlled way.

Origin of Arnis

The art of arnis evolved and was developed in the Philippines. There are many
contesting beliefs on how arnis originated. Some believed that arnis is the evolved form of
ancient swordsmanship of ancient Filipinos. They traced the origin of arnis to the word “kalis,”
an ancient term which refers to the sword, or the use of the sword in the battlefield; they also
believe that the writing of Ferdinand Magellan’s chronicler, Antonio Pigafetta, who described
that natives in some villages used a fire- hardened wood into battle and dances, was the early
demonstration of the existence of the sticking fighting among the natives.

Some of the proponents of this belief theorized that the present arnis was developed from the
parenthood of the ancient system of Silat (Malay art of fighting) and influenced by Spanish
Destreza (Spanish art and science of swordplay).

Illustration depicting the Battle of Mactan

([Link].)

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 There are also recent studies that claimed that the traditional arnis were developed and
passed on by Filipinos who became volunteers in the Spanish crusades against Filipino moors
in the south during the early 19th century Spanish era. They said that the bulk of arnis repertoire
was developed during the Spanish colonial times, and plausibly got its inspiration from
European swordsmanship (saber, rapier and dagger) techniques and short stick self-defense
concepts and practices. It was also inferred that arnis was a version cane fighting during those
times of colonial Filipinos. The 17th thru 19th centuries were periods in which gentlemen
typically carrying walking stick as part of fashion and as sidearm weapon of self defense.

Early forms of European stick fencing

Early forms of European stick fencing

Most of the studies conducted by Filipino and foreign arnis enthusiasts help us to
conclude that arnis origin is difficult to trace, but they all agreed that arnis was developed from
the Filipino creativity and necessity. Arnis reflects the cultural identity of modern Filipinos, a
culture melted with foreign influences while the inner ethos of the ancient martial culture
remains. And its evolution and development still continue.

Traditional and Modern Practices of Arnis

A traditional arnis is a form of practice that focuses more on the effective response to
actual self-defense combat. Technical skills were based on experiences of old masters or how
the way they were taught by the older generations.

The typical training started from mimicking the movement of the master, then independent
maneuvering, some have their partnered drill, and some practice controlled free spar using a
live stick.

Traditional arnis practices mostly in the backyards of the masters, no prescribed uniform, and
the selection or acceptance of students were based on affinity. Giving ranks and certificates of
proficiency were not part of the old masters tradition. Most of the arnis groups in the Philippines
started with this practice, but later generations incorporated other martial arts into their
repertoire.

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The earlier practices of the practitioners from the families of Canete, Presas, Illustrisimo,
Lema, and Caballes practiced in traditional way not until the next generation of their students
incorporated systems and others bluntly incorporated Japanese system such as stances,
uniform, and rank systems.

Modern practices of arnis started from the practitioners of arnis who studied other martial arts
such as shotokan karate, judo, Chinese wushu and juijitsu. Practices typically start which
formality, a bow of courtesy, warm-up exercises, learning of fundamentals such as the stances,
basic attacks and defenses, partnered self-defense drill, formal pattern (anyo), and freestyle
sparring while wearing padded armor.

Modern practitioners started to wear uniforms for training, and most of them tried to
standardize uniform for students; initially, the pulajanes motif was introduced, wearing of
white shirt and red pants, later on the imitation of the Moro motif. The wearing of belt showing
students’ rank is typical to these practitioners. Modern practitioners of arnis were the pioneers
in promoting arnis into Philippine school systems, such as the Presas and Canete
families.

(From left: GM Remy Presas of Modern Arnis, GM Ernesto Presas of Kombatan, GM Ciriaco
Canete of Doce Pares, GM Benjamin Lema of Lighting Scientific, GM Antonio Ilustrisimo of
Kalis Ilustrisimo, and GM Angel Cabales of Cabales Cerrada Eskrima, Mataw Guro Louelle
Lledo of Amara Arkanis Arnis,Head of Mataw Guro Association)

Arnis as Physical Education and Sport

The public acceptance of this martial art was also made possible because of the
government support; making this martial art compulsory to the public education system. There
are several attempts made to introduce arnis into the educational system.

Some initiatives are done to introduce this martial art into education program such as
the DECS Order No. 25, s. 1975 which allowed exhibition and demonstration of arnis in the
Palarong Pambansa (National Games), the DECS Order No. 58 (1990) known as the
Guidelines and Standards for College Service Physical Education which in effect, included
arnis in the “dual sport’ category, then the DECS Memo No. 294, s. 1995 that issued
instructors’ training to PE teachers for teaching arnis in physical education.

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 PE teachers practicing arnis during the NARAPHIL time.
([Link])

Being integrated as part of education, arnis evolved into a competitive sport. In 1975,
an organization named NARAPHIL (National Arnis Association of the Philippines) was formed
under the initiation of then President-Ferdinand E. Marcos. Its objective was to unite the
various clubs and arnisadores throughout the country. Also a decree was issued to include the
teaching of arnis in the military and educational system.

Then, it was succeeded by the Arnis Philippines as the national sports association recognized
by the Philippine Olympic Committee, to act as the governing body in promoting the art and
sport of arnis.

The proclamation of Republic Act 9850, during the administration of then Pres. Gloria
Macapagal-Arroyo, arnis was declared as the National Martial Art and Sport of the Philippines.
This includes the integration of arnis competition as a starting event in the annual Palarong
Pambansa, an annual national competition among secondary schools.

Types of competitive arnis: doce pares/WEKAP style of live stick and the International Arnis
Federation padded stick competition.

Competitive arnis has many variations that depend on the concept and beliefs the
organizers. The common types of sport arnis are padded and live stick sparring. Padded type
of arnis sparring is contested by players wearing minimal protection and using the padded stick.
Each delivered attack or counter-attack is evaluated to consider as a point of merit.

While the use of the live stick in sparring in which players wearing full armor in which the
winner will be declared based on his accumulated mass strike to the opponent. Still, some
traditional oriented practitioners opted to remain in their concept of hard-hitting sparring with
very minimal protection and not considering gathered points but the effectiveness of techniques
delivered.

The National Arnis Congress initiated by Sen. Miguel Zubiri, author of the RA 9850
and former national arnis champion, led to the organization of the Philippine Eskrima, Kali,
and Arnis Federation (PEKAP) which united most of the arnis practitioners in the country. This
association is now facing the challenges of making the law into practice and making arnis as a
formal part of the Southeast Asian Games or SEAG.

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The new K-12 program included arnis as one of the combative sports to be taught in junior and
senior high school physical education subject (DepEd Curriculum Guide on Physical Education
for Grade 1 to Grade 10), and in the tertiary educational level for the course of Bachelor of
Physical Education major in School Physical Education, arnis is one of the options for a
combative sport to be taken (CHED MO No. 23 series of 2011).

The art and sport of arnis were introduced in the Cavite State University and then
became part of the Region IV State Colleges and Universities Athletic Association (now called
STRASUC) in 1996. The pioneers in this introduction were Louelle Lledo and Joel Anajao,
with the support of some known grandmasters and the modern arnis association.

Values of Training Arnis

Like other forms of martial arts, arnis have lots of values for students such as:

1. The execution of various skills in arnis involves vigorous movements of different

muscle groups, thus provide training for muscle strength, muscle endurance,
flexibility, and cardio-respiratory endurance.
2. Agility, reaction time, balance, and coordination are also developed through Arnis
training.
3. As a sport, arnis develops quickness and coordination in the execution of offensive
& defensive skills.
4. Thrills of accomplishment provided by the competition.
5. Desirable traits such as self-confidence, fortitude, and self-discipline are developed
in the practice of arnis.
6. Creativity by putting all learned basic combination into a self demonstration of
skills.
7. National Identity as Filipino. Arnis can develop the sense of being a proud
Filipino.

Gears & Equipment for Basic Arnis Training

Arnis Stick

The stick usually used in practicing arnis is made of rattan. It is advisable to use rattan
sticks other
8. than hardwood, which is flexible and lighter compared to other hardwood.

A pair of rattan sticks for each student; twenty-four (24 inches) long and not more than
one inch in diameter for school children, and twenty-eight to thirty (28 to 30) inches long for
adult students. It is advisable to carry the stick in thecase of synthetic materials for safety.

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Other Training Materials

Training Uniforms: a typical PE uniform is a readily available for training uniforms for
arnis; or a comfortable shirt and training pants can be used.

Wooden or Rubberized Dummy Knife: this dummy equipment is good for practicing self-
defense drills on disarming and knife taking techniques.

Module 2: Preparatory Exercises and Preliminary skills

About the Module:

In this module, students will be introduced to the preliminary skills needed in

practicing the fundamentals of arnis such the correct way of gripping the stick, giving
courtesy; and the warm-up and conditioning exercises.

Objectives:

At the end of the module, students should be able to:

1. Demonstrate correct salute or “pugay” as a means of giving respect.

2. Undergo warm-up and stretching activities suited for arnis training.
3. Demonstrate good control of the stick with both hands thru twirling
exercises.

Activity: Reading about the topic, self-centered practice to acquire the preliminary skills
by following the instruction given in this module.

Content:

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The Correct Grip

The stick should be held about one (1) inch from the butt end. The extra length from
the butt end allows balance in gripping. It can also be used in disarming techniques and
attacking.

In arnis, the correct grip is the basis of control, power and quickness in every blow that is
delivered. The correct grip is assured in this manner:

1. Hold the stick with your four fingers with the blade of the palm about two to three
inches from the base or butt of the stick.
2. Tighten your grip and press the thumb over the forefinger.
3. Each strike must be made with a firm grip.

While the grip is firm, the wrist must be flexible and very pliable. Keeping the wrist in
this state will ensure that the blows are delivered with force and quickness.

The Salute

Salute or Bow of Courtesy is a way of giving respect to partner, to opponent, to

instructor and to our own selves.

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Giving a salute or Pugay is done in this manner:

or

(1) (2a) (2b) (3)

1. Stand at attention like soldier in line formation, but relaxed, with feet apart and feet
pointing at an angle of 45 degrees. The hands are in front of the thighs, holding the stick
at both ends.

2. (a) From Open Leg Stance, move left foot to assume Attention Stance. Bring the
gripping hand into left chest and slightly bow the head.

(b) If holding two sticks, extend the left arm in line with shoulder and bring the left
arm to left chest.

3. Then return in Open Leg Stance or assume on-guard position.

Salute with Partner

Two Sticks

Single Stick

(1) (2)

Warming Up and Stretching

Before doing intensive training, a preparatory routine of warming up and stretching is

very important. The benefits of warming up and stretching are:
1. The prevention of injury
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 2. Increased muscle flexibility
3. Increased heart rate and blood flow
4. Setting the mind for training

Warming Up

Warming up the muscles and increasing blood flow is crucial. The following are some
routines that should be done at a very gentle pace; the tempo can be slowly increased as the
player warm-up.

Jumping – begin with a slight bounce up and down, using the calf muscle and not the knees.
Gradually increase the range of motion to a low hop, and eventually jump as high as you can,
using the spring in your calves.

Jumping Jack – stand with feet together and arms on the side, bounce with your calf muscle
while separating your legs and raising your arms sideward or upward. Do it until 20 repetitions.

Stretching Routine

A good habit to adopt is to start at the top of the body and gradually work downward. When
stretching, it is important to breathe and to relax. Stretching movements should be done slowly
and under control. The following routine should be performed 15 to 20 times each.

1. Neck
a) With the arms and shoulders relaxed, dip the chin to touch the upper chest. Return
to the natural position, and then lift the chin toward the ceiling.
b) Next, look from side to side, rotating your head through the full natural range.
c) While facing forward, tilt the head from side to side. The feeling is that placing
your ear down onto your shoulder.

d) Dinish with gentle circle I both direction.

(a1) (a2) (b& c) (d)

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2. Arm Circles
a) Hold the sticks, swing the entire arms in a gentle, vertical circle, first forward
and then backwar

(1) (2) (3) (4)

3. Torso Rotation
a) Holding the sticks with both hands, keep the arms loose and allowing to swing
freely, rotate the upper body from side to side. The legs should be mostly stationary
and the rotation will twist the trunk and the lower back.

(1) (2) (3)

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4. Forward and Back Bending
a) Stand with the feet slightly wider than shoulder width apart. Bend forward to
touch the ground between your feet, then swing upward and back.

(1) (2) (3)

5. Toe Touches
a) Arms on the side, feet apart, slightly wider. Bring your right hand downward and
touch your left toe, then back to standing position and repeat it to the opposite side.

(1) (2) (3)

6. Knee Bends
a) Go into a squat with the knees together, and then rise up into a knees-locked
position with the heels down.

(1) (2)

7. Foot Rotation
a) Raised your right leg and rotate your right foot clockwise then counter-clockwise.

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 b) Repeat on the left foot.

8. Forward Lounge
a) With the hips square to the front, step forward with right foot and bend the front
leg. Keep the back leg straight for a slow count. Repeat on the other side.

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 9. Side Lounge
a) Place the feet twice shoulder width apart. Bend your right knee and lean deeply to
that side, while keeping the left leg straight, the sole of that foot on the floor. Hold
this position for a slow count. Without straightening up, move your torso to the left
side, straightening your right leg and bending your left leg as you do so. You can
use the stick to support your balance.

(1) (2) (3) (4)

Stick Maneuvering Exercises

1. Wrist Twisting
a. Hold the sticks at the middle and pointing vertically upward, knuckles
facing back.
b. Rotate the wrists forward and backward alternately and continuously
c. Do two sets of 16 counts

2. Wrist Circling Forward and Backward

a. Hold the sticks with normal grip, both resting on shoulders
b. Circling the wrists forward and backward alternately and continuously;
c. Do two sets of 16 counts.

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 b1. forward rotation b2. backward rotation

Twirling Exercises Figure 1-6

Figure 1. Twirling up and down. Figure 4. Twirling cross upward.

Figure 2. Twirling going underarm. Figure 5. Twirling up and down in opposite

direction.
Figure 3. Twirling cross side. Figure 6. Twirling in opposite direction
moving left and right .

Module 3: Stances and On-Guard Position

Assuming oneself into ready position and how to move in different directions will be
discussed in this module.

Objectives:
At the end of the topic, students will be able to:
1. Enumerate the five (5) stances used in arnis training.
2. Perform basic stances.
3. Demonstrate the three (3) advance and retreating steps.

Activity:
1. Reading on the topic of stances and on-guard position.
2. Doing the drill on the basic moving forward and backward using the stances.

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 Content:

Stances

Stances are positions which one assumes prior to the execution of any offensive and
defensive movements. The various stances give the arnis player an understanding of proper
weight distribution on the feet and maintaining proper balance to ensure fluid mobility and
shifting from one position to another.

Stance Feet Position Figure Hints

Attention (Front) Stand at attention like

Soldier in line, but

and feet pointing at an

angle 45 degree. The
hands are in front of
the things holding the
stick both ends.

Open Leg (Front) Same as above but with

two legs about shoulder.

Straddle This is similar to the

open leg stance, except
that the beyond shoulder
width distance, knees
bent and weight evenly
distributed on booth feet.
Stick diagonally across
the body and left hand in
chest level between the

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 stick and chest

Forward RF Slide or step one foot

Stance forward with knee bent,
the back, weight is
LF greater on the front leg.
Maintain the center of
balance in the center
between the two legs.

(rear)

Back Leaning Step or slide one foot

backward, shifting the
trunk slightly bent
LF backward. Keep the
balance in the center
between the two legs.
(rear)

Legend: RF = right foot, LF = left foot = weight/center of gravity

Practice the following:

1. In stationary, student will practice each stance.

2. Stepping forward and backward with the same stance (i.e. forward, back leaning,
and straddle).
3. Stepping forward diagonally with the stance.
4. Stepping forward and backward with different stances.
5. Student free choice of stance to execute.

On-Guard Position

The On-Guard position is designed to give the greatest

balance and efficiency in performing either offensive or
defensive movements in advancing, retreating and
evading.

To assume this position, the feet approximately

shoulder with apart, dominant foot in advance. Knees
bent so the body weight is distributed evenly over both
feet.

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Using the proper grip, the weapon is slightly positioned in front. The non-gripping hand is
keep near the chest. Player should understand that this non-gripping hand is a ‘live hand’
which can be used for block support, checking, disarming and controlling the opponent.

Module 4: Basic Striking Techniques

In this part, students will be instructed in the basic striking techniques using a single stick.

Objectives:
At the end of the topic, students will be able to:

1. Demonstrate proper and positive striking attitude and skill.

2. Identify the vital target of striking techniques.
3. Enumerate the basic body mechanics of executing a striking technique.
4. Shows accuracy and coordination in the execution of the basic striking techniques.

Activity:

1. Reading on the topic of striking techniques and following the instruction.

2. Doing the drill on performing the basic striking techniques.

Content:

Striking the target is very important, but getting to the target is just as important.
Therefore, when one goes into the target to strike, they must have conviction and a sense of
balance to effectively execute the hit.

All basic strikes should deliver into a specific target with vigor. All should be executed and
practiced as one sequential movement. However, once they are mastered, they can be executed
in any sequence.

The Basic Striking Techniques

Forehand Strike

From On-guard position step in and strike the left upper side of the opponent.

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 Forward Swing Back Swing Preparatory

Target Area: Left Temple, Left Face, Left Neck, Left Shoulder, Left Trunk

Backhand Strike

From On-guard position step in and strike the upper right side of the opponent.

Forward Swing Back Swing Preparatory

Target Area: Right Temple, Right Face, Right Neck. Right Shoulder, Right Trunk

Low Forehand Strike

From the On-guard position step into deep lounge and hit the lower limb of the opponent.

Forward Swing Back Swing Preparatory

Target Area: Left Thigh, Left Knee, Left Shin, Left Foot

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Low Backhand Strike

From On-guard position step into deep lounge and strike the right lower limb of an opponent.

Forward Swing Back Swing Preparatory

Target
Area: Left thigh, Left Knee, Left Shin, Left Foot

Mid-Thrust

From On-guard position execute a direct attack to opponent’s trunk with the tip of the
stick, usually done in lunge or reverse forward step.

Forward Swing Back Swing Preparatory

Target Area: Stomach, Chest, Throat, Groin

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Forehand Thrust

From On-guard position withdraw and raised the arm upward with the knuckles turned towards
your face, the stick into horizontal position pointing forward, and thrust at the left eye or the
chest of the opponent. This is also called as Inward Thrust.

Forward Swing Back Swing Preparatory

Target Area: Left Eye, Left Chest

Backhand Thrust

From On-guard position, move the stick inward with point facing forward, palm facing
your face, and execute a reverse thrust to your opponent right eye or chest.

Forward Swing Back Swing Preparatory

Target Area: right Eye, Right Chest

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Frontal Strike

From On-guard position, bring slightly upward the stick and execute a direct frontal
attack to your opponent’s crown.

Forward Swing Back Swing Preparatory

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Module 5: Basic Blocking Techniques

In this part, students will be instructed on the basic blocking techniques using a single
stick.

Objectives:
At the end of the topic, students will be able to:

1. Enumerate the basic techniques of warding-off attacks.

2. Shows confidence to vercome the fear of being hit.
3. Execute proper blocking techniques.

Activity:

1. Reading on the topic of locking techniques and following the instruction.

2. Doing the drill on performing the blocking techniques.

Content:

Blocking is a movement of defense executed with the weapon to deflect the weapon of
the apparent offense action at the target so that a hit is avoided.

As in striking techniques, the blocking technique should be practiced in a sequential or

segmental manner. Once these basic skills are mastered, they should perform in response to
the striking blows being delivered by their sparring partner.

Inward Block

From On-guard stance, step R foot forward and twist trunk to face obliquely left with the stick
held vertically pointing upward, left hand with open palm is placed at the middle of the stick
to cushion the impact of the blow delivered by the opponent.

Preparatory Execution

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 Application against Forehand Strike

Preparatory Execution
Outward Block

The same movement with Inward Block, but the block is executed in the opposite side.

Preparatory Execution

Application against Backhand Strike

Preparatory Execution

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Low Inward Block

A method of blocking use to absorb the attack of opponent delivered to hit the lower limb.

Application against Low Forehand Strike

Low Outward Block

From On-guard position withdraw right foot or side step to evade an attack to R leg. The block
can also be used against mid-thrust.

Preparatory Execution

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 Application against Low Backhand Strike

Sweeping Block

From On-guard position step R foot and simultaneously pivot on the R foot and twist trunk to
face left, and moving the arms with elbow bent in front of the chest with the point of the stick
pointing downward and the end of the stick pointing upward. This block can use against a mid-
thrust or strike on your left side.

Application against Mid-Thrust

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Overhead Block

This is to deflect frontal/overhead strike. From On-guard, slide back and bring the stick
overhead, left hand supporting the block.

Preparatory Execution

Application against Frontal Strike

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Module 6: Single Sinawali

In this part, students will be instructed in basic maneuvering of two sticks in sinawali
pattern.

Objectives:
At the end of the topic, students will be able to:

1. Define the meaning and values of sinawali drill.

2. Demonstrate the correct way of executing the single sinawali.
3. Shows coordination with the left and right arm and indifferent feet direction.

Activity:

1. Reading on the topic about single sinawali and following the instruction.
Doing the drill on the basic moving forward and backward while performing single
sinawali.

Content:

Sinawali is derived from the Tagalog word “sawali” which refers to the pattern used in
weaving bamboos which have been split lengthwise and the resulting frame is used as walls of
a nipa/bamboo house.

Although the sinawali is treated as an individual skill, it is best practiced with a partner.
It is therefore the first experience of an arnis novice to exchange blows with another person in
a continuous sequential manner. Sinawali drill serves also as a way for interpersonal
communication between students.

The Single Sinawali is performed in this manner:

(1) (2) (3) (4)

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 (5) (6) (7) (8)

(9) (10)

1) From open leg stance, do proper execution of ‘pugay’ (1,2,3)

4) Initial position – assume Open Leg Stance, bring both arms with sticks over the
shoulder.
5) Strike inward with your right hand into opponent’s left temple;
6) Bring R hand to the left side; prepare to execute R low backhand strike.
7) Strike downward outward with your right hand aiming at your opponent’s right knee;
8) Then bring your right arm in your shoulder, and strike your left hand inward aiming
at the opponent’s right temple.
9) Bring L arm to right side, prepare to execute low L backhand strike.
10) With the same left hand, strike outward downward to your opponent’s left knee.
11) Return to initial position, then repeat whole movement pattern, smoothly and
rhythmically.

Single Sinawali with Partner

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 (1) (2)

(3) (4)

(5) (6)

(7) (8)

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 (9)

Advance Single Sinawali a sinawali with the same objective of single sinawali, but
the different is the two sticks strikes waving simultaneously. link to be upload

Cruzada is a form of continuously striking in four direction or a target upper and lower
part of the body and it looks like an a multiplication sign ( X ). link to be upload

Content:

Double Sinawali

The double sinawali pattern is a multiple striking technique directed at the L and R
temples and knees.

Like the other sinawali, it should be taught and practice with students paired up. As skill is
acquired, the pair should be encouraged to move in different directions while executing the
movements.

Initial Position: From open leg stance or R or L forward stance. R hand (elbow bent) is held up
with the tip of the stick pointing backward; L hand is placed under the R armpit.

1. R hand executes forearm strike.

2. L hand executes right downward strike, and simultaneously brings R hand over to the L
shoulder.
3. R hand executes backhand strike, and simultaneously brings L hand to the left side with
stick pointing slightly upward or backward.

(1) (2) (3)

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 (4) (5) (6)

4. L hand executes forehand strike and simultaneously brings R hand under the L armpit.
5. R hand executes downward outward strike (# 4) and simultaneously brings L hand over
to R shoulder.
6. L hand executes backhand strike and simultaneously brings R hand to the right side with
stick slightly pointing upward or backward.
Repeat the whole movement pattern smoothly and rhythmically

Double Sinawali with Partner

Initial Position (1) (2)

(3) (4) (5)

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Module 9: Anyo

In this part, students will be instructed in performing the formal pattern of executing
striking and blocking techniques using a single stick.

Objectives:
At the end of the topic, students will be able to:

1. Define the meaning and value the practice of the anyo.

2. Demonstrate coordination and rhythm of body movements through the performance
of anyo with grace.
3. Demonstrate creativity through a process of integrating various skills and techniques
in arnis into a comprehensive movement pattern.

Activity:

Reading and following the instruction to perform the anyo.

Content:

Anyo is a pre-arranged combination of offensive and defensive movements of [Link]

can be done in a linear pattern or in a random pattern. Anyo is the product of one’s imagination
which results in an integrated movement pattern, almost dance-like in form, which utilizes the
various skills learned in training.

Anyo can be performed individually or by group in synchronized manner. The anyo can be
done with or without music. All anyo should proceed and end with a formal salutation of the
bow.

Below are examples of introductory anyo which novice practitioner may gain an insight to
what anyo is all about.

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ANYO (Solo Baston)

1a 1b 2a 2b

3a 3b 4a 4b

5a 5b 6a 6b

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7a 7b 8 9

10a 10b 11a 11b

14a 14b 15

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1. Start with Pugay
2. Execute two sets of downward and upward twirling with the stick.
3. Step R foot assuming forward stance and execute backhand downward strike.
4. Step L foot, assume L forward stance and execute inward downward strike.
5. Step R foot, assume Ready/Straddle Stance, body facing left side and execute
backhand strike.
6. Step R foot backward and execute backhand downward strike while in L forward
stance.
7. Step L foot backward and execute forehand downward strike while assuming R
forward stance.
8. Step in with L foot assume forward stance and execute outward block.
9. Step in with R foot assume R forward stance and execute inward block.
10. Step back with R foot to assume back leaning stance and execute L upward strike.
11. Step back with L foot to assume back leaning stance and execute R upward strike.
12. Circle stick overhead and execute R diagonal downward strike while assuming into R
forward stance.
13. Step back R foot to assume L forward stance and execute L diagonal downward
strike.
14. Step R foot to assume open leg stance and extending the R arm to the side
Move L foot to attention stance and finish the Anyo with Pugay,

References

1. Anajao, J. D. (2019). Arnis, Philippine National Martial Art and Sport, A Guide
for Teachers and Students, Casa Duende Publishing, Quezon City, Philippines

2. Anajao, J. D. & Ramos, A.B., (2004). An Introduction to Sports

Arnis. Intramuros, Manila : Amateur Sports Arnis Pilipinas, Inc.

3. Anajao, J.D., Fadriquela, A., Goden, C., & Ombrete, J. (2015). Physical
Education 3 Skill Book: Introduction to the Sports of Arnis, Badminton,
Swimming, and Table Tennis, Lyceum of Alabang, Muntinlupa City

4. Dr. Nepangue N. (2001). Questioning the Origins of Eskrima. Arnis: Reflections

onthe History Development of the Filipino Martial Arts. Boston:
Tuttle Publishing. pp 9-14.

5. Godhania,K. (2001). Combative vs. Competitive Eskrima. Arnis: Reflections

on the History and Development of the Filipino Martial Arts. Boston:
Tuttle Publishing. pp 145-148.

6. Jocano, F. P. Jr. (1997). A Question of Origin, RAPID Journal, vol. 2 no. 4,

pp. 15-17, 1997

7. Presas, E. A. (1988). Arnis: Presas Style and Balisong. Quiapo, Philippines:

Author.

8. Presas, R. A. (1983). Modern Arnis: Filipino Art of Stick Fighting. Burbank,

Calif.: Ohara Publications.
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 9. Presas, R. A. (1974). Modern Arnis: Philippine Martial Arts. Manila:
Modern Arnis

10. Presas, R. A. (1994). The Practical Art of Eskrima (2nd Edition).

Quezon City, Philippines: National Book Store, Inc.

11. Soteco, A. C. (1997). A Practical Introduction to Arnis in 12 Easy Lessons.

Sampaloc, Manila: Mary Jo Educational Supply.

12. Wiley, M.V. (1994). Classical Eskrima, The Evolution and Etymology of
Filipino Fencing form, Journal of Asian Martial Arts, vol. 3. No. 2, 1994, p.
72-89
13. Wiley, M. V. (1997). Filipino Martial Culture. Boston: Tuttle Publishing.

14. Yambao, P. (1957). Mga Karunungan sa Larung Arnis. Quezon

City, Philippines: University of the Philippines.

15. [Link]
16. [Link]
17. [Link]
18. [Link]
19. [Link]

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