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SQL Commands Chart

The document is a chart detailing various SQL commands categorized into DDL, DML, DCL, TCL, and DQL. Each command includes its full form, purpose, and an example of usage. This serves as a quick reference for understanding SQL commands and their functionalities.

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saarahkhan022
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10 views1 page

SQL Commands Chart

The document is a chart detailing various SQL commands categorized into DDL, DML, DCL, TCL, and DQL. Each command includes its full form, purpose, and an example of usage. This serves as a quick reference for understanding SQL commands and their functionalities.

Uploaded by

saarahkhan022
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SQL Commands Chart

Category Command Full Form Purpose / Description Example

DDL (Data Definition Language)


CREATE Create Creates a new table, database, view, or object.
CREATE TABLE Students (ID INT, Name V

ALTER Alter Modifies an existing database object. ALTER TABLE Students ADD Age INT;

DROP Drop Deletes an entire table, view, or database. DROP TABLE Students;

TRUNCATE Truncate Removes all records but keeps the structure. TRUNCATE TABLE Students;

RENAME Rename Renames a table or column. RENAME TABLE Students TO Learners;

COMMENT Comment Adds comments to the data dictionary. COMMENT ON TABLE Students IS 'Stores

DML (Data Manipulation


INSERT
Language) Insert Adds new records into a table. INSERT INTO Students VALUES (1, 'Amit',

UPDATE Update Modifies existing records. UPDATE Students SET Age = 21 WHERE

DELETE Delete Removes specific records. DELETE FROM Students WHERE ID = 1;

MERGE Merge Combines insert and update operations. MERGE INTO Target USING Source ON ...

DCL (Data Control Language)


GRANT Grant Gives user access privileges. GRANT SELECT ON Students TO user1;

REVOKE Revoke Removes access privileges. REVOKE SELECT ON Students FROM use

TCL (Transaction Control


COMMIT
Language) Commit Saves all changes made during the transaction.
COMMIT;

ROLLBACK Rollback Reverts changes if an error occurs. ROLLBACK;

SAVEPOINT Savepoint Sets a point within a transaction. SAVEPOINT sp1;

SET TRANSACTION
Set Transaction Defines characteristics of a transaction. SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;

DQL (Data Query Language)


SELECT Select Retrieves data from one or more tables. SELECT Name, Age FROM Students;

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