LEVEL-1 (MCQ QUESTIONS)
1 A convex lens of power 4D and a concave lens of power 3D are placed in contact.
What is the equivalent power of the combination?
4 3
a) 7D b)3D c)1D d)4D
2 An object approaches a convergent lens from the left of the lens with a uniform
speed
5 m/s and stops at the focus. The image
(a) moves away from the lens with a uniform speed 5 m/s.
(b) moves away from the lens with a uniform acceleration.
(c) moves away from the lens with a non-uniform acceleration.
(d) moves towards the lens with a non-uniform acceleration.
3 The refractive index of the material of an equilateral prism is √3 .What is the angle
of Minimum deviation?
(a) 45° (b) 60° (c) 37° (d) 30°
4 An object is placed at the focus of the convex mirror. If its focal length is 20cm,
the distance of image from the mirror is
(a)10cm (b)20cm (c)40cm (d)None
5 In an experiment to find focal length of a concave mirror, a graph is drawn between
the magnitude of u and v. The graph looks like:
6. Air bubble in water behaves as
(a) sometimes concave, sometimes convex lens
(b) concave lens
(c) convex lens
(d) always refracting surface
7 A ray of light passes from glass (μ = 1.5) to water (μ = 1.33). The value of the
critical angle of glass is _____ .
(a) sin-1 8/9 (b) sin-1√ 8/9 (c) sin-1 ½ (d) sin-1 2/1
158
8 The direction of ray of light incident on a concave mirror is shown
by PQ while directions in which the ray would travel after
reflection is shown by four rays marked 1, 2, 3 and 4. Which
of the four rays correctly shows the direction of reflected
ray?
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4
9 In the formation of a rainbow, the light from the sun on water droplets undergoes
(a) dispersion only. (b) only TIR. (c) dispersion, refraction and TIR.
(d) scattering.
10 An object is placed at a distance of 0.5 m in front of a plane mirror. The distance
between object and image will be
(a) 0.25 m (b) 0.5 m (c) 1.0 m (d) 2.0 m
11 The length of an astronomical telescope for normal vision (relaxed eye) will be
(a) fo – fe (b)fo /fe (c) fo × fe (d) fo + fe
12 If a convex lens of focal length 80 cm and a concave lens of focal length 50 cm
are combined together, what will be their resulting power?
(a) + 6.5 D (b) – 6.5 D (c) + 7.5 D (d) – 0.75 D
13 A prism has a refractive angle 60°. When a light ray is incident at 50°, then
minimum deviation is obtained. What is the value of minimum deviation?
(a) 40° (b) 45° (c) 50° (d) 60°
14 A lens of power 3.5D is placed in contact with a lens of power -2.5D. The
combination will behave like
a) A convergent lens of focal length 100cm
b) A divergent lens of focal length 100cm
c) A convergent lens of focal length 200cm
d) A divergent lens of focal length 200cm
15 A ray of light passes through a plane glass slab of thickness t and refractive index
µ = 1.5, The angle between the incident ray and the emergent ray will be
(a)0º (b)30 º (c)45º (d) 60º
16 A convex length of focal length is put in contact with a concave lens of same focal
length. The equivalent focal length of the combination is
(a)zero (b)f (c)2f (d)Infinity
17 The focal length of plane mirror is
159
(a)infinity (b)zero (c) 50 cm (d)negative
18 A convex lens is dipped in a liquid, whose refractive index is equal to the refractive
index of the lens. Then its focal length will _____ .
(a)become zero (b)remain unchanged (c)become infinite (d)None of these
19 Absolute refractive indices of glass and water are 3/2 and 4/3. The ratio of velocity
of light in glass and water will be
(a) 4:3 (b)8:7 (c) 8:9 (d) 3:4
20 Half of the lens is wrapped in black paper. How will it change the image
(a)Size of image is halved
(b)Intensity of image is halved
(c)There is no change in the size of image or intensity
(d)Both size and intensity of the image are changed.
LEVEL-2 (MCQ QUESTIONS)
1 A student measures the focal length of a convex lens by putting an object pin at 1
a distance 'u' from the lens and measuring the distance 'v' of the image pin. The
graph between 'u' and 'v' plotted by the student should look like
2 What should be increased to increase the angular magnification of a simple
microscope?
a)The power of the lens b)The focal length of the lens c)Lens Aperture
d)Object Size
3 What is the correct relationship
between refractive indices n,n1 and
n2 if the behaviour of light is as shown
in the figure?
a)n1>n b)n1<n c)n1=n d)None of the above
4 If an equiconvex lens of focal length f and power P is cut into half in thickness,
what is the focal length and power of each half?
160
a)Zero b)f/2 c)f d)2f
5 When a thin convex lens of glass 5D is immersed in a liquid, it behaves as a
divergent lens of focal length 100 cm. What is the refractive index of the liquid?
a)1/3 b)2/3 c)3/5 d)5/3
6 incident on a glass plate at an incident angle of 60°. If reflected and refracted rays
are mutually perpendicular, then refractrive index of the glass plate is _____ .
(a)√2 (b) √3 (c)1/√2 (d)1/√3
7 Light of certain colour has 2000 waves in a millimeter in air. What will be the
wavelength of this light in medium of refractive index 1.25 ?
(a) 1000 (b) 2000 (c) 3000 (d) 4000
8 A convex lens of glass (n = 1.5) has focal length of 20 cm. The lens is immersed
in water of refractive index 1.33. The change in the focal length of convex lens is
(a) 1.86 cm (b) 58.2 cm (c) 4.62 cm (d) 6.44 cm
9 For a thin lens when the heights of the object and the image are equal, object
distance and image distance are equal to _____ .
(a)f (b) 4f (c) 3f (d) 2f
10 the refractive index of an equilateral prism when light is incident at grazing
incidence and emerges at grazing emergence:
a)1.5 b) 1.8 c) 1.33 d) 2
LEVEL 3 (MCQ QUESTIONS)
1 A biconcave lens of power P vertically splits into two identical plano-concave parts.
The power of each part will be
(a) 2P (b) P/2 (c) P (d) P/√2
2 An incident light ray falls on a glass prism at an angle of 60o and emerges with
an angle of 30 with its initial incident direction.
If the angle of the prism is 30o, then which of the following is an INCORRECT
statement?
A. Refractive index of the prism is √3.
B. The light undergoes minimum deviation through the prism (i.e., r1 = r2).
C. The emergent ray is perpendicular to the face from which it emerges.
D. Angle of refraction r1 at the incident face is same as angle of the prism.
161
3 Which of the following actions will lead to an increase in the magnifying power
of an astronomical telescope?
A. Increase in the length of the telescope tube.
B. Interchange the objective and the eyepiece of the telescope.
C. A small piece of paper on the objective of the telescope pointed towards
the moon.
D. Increase in the focal length of the objective and decrease in the focal length
of the eye piece.
4 A real image of size p times the size of an object is formed by a concave mirror
of focal length f.
What is the object distance from the mirror?
A. (p+1)*f/p B. (p‐1)*f/p C. p*f/(p+1) D. p*f/(p‐1)
5 Read the following statements carefully:
I. A drop of an oil in water or in a glass, both behave as convergent lens.
II. A water drop in air and a glass sphere in water, both behave as convergent
lens.
III. An air bubble in water and a water bubble in glass, both behave as a
divergent lens.
IV. A frozen ice crystal inside a glass sphere and a bromine liquid drop inside a
glass sphere, behave as divergent lens.
[Reference values of refractive indices of common substances: Air = 1.001;
Water = 1.33; ice = 1.31; Glass = 1.51; Oil = 1.4; Bromine = 1.66]
Select the correct option.
A. Statements I and II are correct.
B. Statements I and III are correct.
C. Statements II and III are correct.
D. Statements II and IV are correct
6 An object is moved towards a concave mirror at a constant speed, from infinity
to its focus. Which of the following statements correctly describe the
corresponding motion in the image formed by the concave mirror?
162
A. The image moves slower initially and faster later on, away from the mirror.
B. The image moves faster initially and slower later on, towards the mirror.
C. The image moves at a constant speed, faster than the object, away from the
mirror.
D. The image moves at a constant speed, slower than the object, towards the
mirror.
7 A ray of light is incident normally on an isosceles right-angled prism,
travels as shown in figure. The least value of the refractive index
of the prism must be:
a)√2 b)√3 c)2.0 d)1.5
8 A transparent container contains layers of 3 immiscible transparent liquids of
different refractive indices. A laser beam is
pointed at the layer I as shown in the figure.
What minimum angle of θ1 will ensure that
laser beam does not enter region III at all?
a)θ= sin-1 (1/5) b) sin-1 (1/15) c) sin-1 (2/5)
d)_ sin-1 (3/5)
9 Two statements are given below. One is labelled Assertion (A) and the other is
labelled Reason (R). Read the statements carefully and choose the option that
correctly describes statements A and R.
Assertion(A): A ray of light travelling from one media to another always changes
its path.
Reason(R): The speed of light changes when it travels from one medium to
another.
10 In the figure shown μ1, μ2, μ3, μ4 and μ5 are the refractive indices of the
mediums 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 respectively. Consider the following
a. μ1 = μ2
b. μ3 = μ4 = μ5
c. μ2 < μ3
d. μ4 > μ5
Which of the relations of refractive indices are
correct?
163
LEVEL 1 (2 M QUESTIONS)
1 What is total internal reflection and what are the conditions under which it occurs?
Obtain relation between critical angle between & refractive index.
2 a)A convex mirror is immersed in water of refractive index 1.33. Will the lens
behave as a converging or a diverging lens? Give reason.
b) When monochromatic light travels from one medium to another its wavelength
changes but frequency remains the same. Explain.
3 Draw a ray diagram to show the image formation by a concave mirror when the
object is placed between its focus and pole.
Write the value and sign of magnification in this case.
4 A plot, between the angle of deviation (δ) and
angle of incidence (i), for a triangular prism is
shown in figure:
Explain why any given value of ‘δ’ corresponds to
two values of angle of incidence. State the
significance of point P on the graph. ?
5 a)Write two differences between linear and angular magnification.
b) Three lenses with magnifications 2, 3 and 10 form a combination. What is its
total magnification?
6 With the help of a ray diagram, obtain the relation between its focal length and
radius of curvature.
LEVEL-2 (2 M QUESTIONS)
1. How does the power & focal length of a convex lens vary, if the incident red light
is replaced by violet light?
2. A right angled isosceles glass prism is made from glass of refractive index 1.5.
Show that a ray of light incident normally on (i) one of the equal sides of this prism
is deviated through 90° (ii) the hypotenuse of this prism is deviated through 180°.
3. a)When monochromatic light is incident on a surface separating two media, the
reflected and refracted light both have the same frequency as the incident
frequency. Explain why?
b) What are benefits of Lens Combination and making equivalent lens?
4. An object is placed 10 cm from a lens of focal length 5 cm. Draw the ray diagrams
to show the formation of image if the lens is (i) converging, and (ii) diverging.
5 The line AB in the ray diagram represents a lens. State whether the lens is convex
or concave ?
164
LEVEL-3 (2 M QUESTIONS)
1 (a) The bluish colour predominates in the clear sky. Why?
(b) Violet colour is seen at the bottom of the spectrum when white light is dispersed
by a prism. State reasons to explain these observations.
2 Write 4 advantages of reflecting type telescope over refracting type?
3 A concave lens made of material of refractive index ‘n2’is held in a reference
medium of refractive index ‘n1’. Trace the path of parallel beam of light passing
through the lens when: i)n1 = n2 (ii) n1 < n2 (iii) n1 > n2 . In which case the lens
will behave as plain glass?
LEVEL-1 (3 M QUESTIONS)
1 An equi-convex lens of radius of curvature R is cut into two equal parts by a vertical
plane, so it becomes a Plano convex lens. If f is the focal length of the equi-convex
lens, then what will be focal length of Plano convex lens?
2 Derive mirror equation for a convex mirror for real image.
3 a)A biconvex lens made of a transparent material of refractive index 1.25 is
immersed in water of refractive index 1.33. Will the lens behave as a converging
or a diverging lens? Give a reason.
b) A convex lens is placed in contact with a plane mirror. A point object at a
distance of 20 cm on the axis of this combination has its image coinciding with
itself. What is the focal length of the lens? Draw related Ray Diagram.
4 Using the ray diagram for a system of two lenses of focal lengths f1 and f2 in
contact with each other, show that two lens system can be regarded as equivalent
to a single lens of focal length f, where
Also write the relation for the equivalent power of the lens combination.
5 Derive thin prism formula
LEVEL-2 (3 M QUESTIONS)
1 Produce a relation between real depth and apparent depth.
2 Using MIRROR FORMULA , show that a convex mirror always produces a virtual
image, independent of the location of the object & draw the related ray diagram.
165
3 a)How does the angle of minimum deviation produced by a prism change with
increase in (i) the wavelength of incident light, and (ii) the refracting angle of
prism?
b) A glass prism is held in water. How is the angle of minimum deviation affected?
c) When does a ray passing through a prism deviate away from its base?
LEVEL - 3 (3 M QUESTIONS)
1 i)Redraw the diagram below and mark the position of the centre of curvature of
the spherical mirror used in the given set up
ii) State the principle of reversibility of light.
2 Which two of the following lenses L1, L2 and L3 will you select as objective and
eyepiece for constructing the best possible (i) telescope (ii) microscope? Give
reason to support your answer. iii)the aperture of the objective of ……….. is
preferred to be large?
3 a) Write the two important factors considered to increase the magnifying power of
a refracting type telescope.
b)Two convex lenses A and B of an astronomical telescope having focal lengths
5cm and 20 cm respectively, are arranged as shown in the
i)Which one of two lenses you will select to use
as objective lens and why?
(ii) What should be the change in the distance
between the lenses to have the telescope in its
normal adjustment position?
(iii) Calculate magnifying power of telescope in the normal adjustment position
LEVEL-1 (5 M QUESTIONS)
1. a) Derive expression for the lens maker's formula, i.e.,
1 1 1
= (𝜇 − 1) [𝑅1 − ] where the symbols have their usual meanings. Why is it
𝐹 𝑅2
known as Lens Maker’s formula.
166
b) Write the basic assumptions in the derivation of lens maker’s formula .
LEVEL 2 (5 M QUESTIONS)
1 Deduce the expression for the magnifying power of the microscope with a ray
diagram for the formation of image by a compound microscope.
Explain, i)Why must both the object and the eyepiece of a compound microscope
have short focal lengths?-
ii)While viewing through a compound microscope, why should our eyes be
positioned not on the eyepiece but a short distance away from it for best viewing?
LEVEL 3 (5 M QUESTIONS)
1. i)Draw a ray diagram showing the formation of the image by a point object on the
principal axis of a spherical concave surface separating two media of refractive
indices n1 and n2, when a point source is kept in the rarer medium of refractive
index n1. Derive the relation between object and image distance in terms of
refractive index of the medium and radius of curvature of the surface.
ii)Light from a point source in air falls on a convex spherical glass surface of
refractive index 1.5 and radius of curvature 20 cm. The distance of light source
from the glass surface is 100 cm. At what position is the image formed?
LEVEL-1 (NUMERICALS)
1 A ray of light incident on a equilateral prism propagates parallel to the baseline of 2
the prism inside it. Find the angle of incidence of this ray, given the refractive index
of the material of the prism is √3 ?
2 What is the focal length of a combination of a convex lens of focal length 30 cm 2
and a concave lens of focal length 20 cm in contact? Is the system a converging
or a diverging lens? Ignore thickness of lenses.
3 Calculate the speed of light in a medium whose critical angle is 45°. Does critical 2
angle for a given pair of media depend on wave length of incident light? Give
reason.
4 The radii of curvature of the faces of a double convex lens are 10cm and 15cm. If 2
the focal length of the lens is 12cm, find the refractive index of the material of the
lens?
LEVEL-2 (NUMERICALS)
167
1 A spherical convex surface of radius of curvature 20cm made of glass of refractive 2
index 1.5 is placed in air. Find the position of the image formed if a point object is
placed 30cm in front of a convex surface on the principal axis?
2 A ray of monochromatic light is incident on the refracting face of a prism angle 3
75°. It passes through the prism and is incident on the other face at the critical
angle. If refractive index of the prism is √2, what is the angle of incidence on the
first face of the prism?
LEVEL-3 (NUMERICALS)
1 Three rays 1,2, 3 of different colours 3
fall normally on one of the sides of
an isosceles right angled prism as
shown in fig. The refractive indices
of prism for these rays are 1.39,
1.47 and 1.52 respectively. Find
which of these rays get normally
reflected and which get only
refracted from AC. Trace the path of rays. Justify your answer with the necessary
calculations ?
2 An angular magnification of 30X is desired for a compound microscope using an 5
objective of focal length 1.25 cm and eyepiece of focal length 5cm. How will you
set up the compound microscope?
3 i)A small telescope has an objective lens of focal length 140cm and an eyepiece 5
of focal length 5.0cm. If this telescope is used to view a100m tall tower 3km away,
what is the height of the image of the tower formed by the objective lens?
ii)An astronomical telescope has focal lengths 100 & 10 cm of objective and
eyepiece lens respectively when final image is formed at least distance of distinct
vision, magnification power of telescope will be?
CASE STUDY QUESTIONS (4-Marks)
A telescope is a device used to observe distant objects by their emission,
absorption, or reflection of electromagnetic radiation. Originally, it was an optical
instrument using lenses, curved mirrors, or a combination of both to observe
distant objects – an optical telescope. Nowadays, the word "telescope" is defined
as a wide range of instruments capable of detecting different regions of the
electromagnetic spectrum, and in some cases other types of detectors
The first known practical telescopes were refracting telescopes with glass lenses
and were invented in the Netherlands at the beginning of the 17th century. They
were used for both terrestrial applications and astronomy.
1
168
The reflecting telescope, which uses mirrors to collect and focus light, was
invented within a few decades of the first refracting telescope.
In the 20th century, many new types of telescopes were invented, including radio
telescopes in the 1930s and infrared telescopes in the 1960s..
i) The magnifying power of an astronomical telescope in normal adjustment is 100.
What is the focal length of the objectives and eyepiece of the distance between
them is 101 cm?
a. 1 cm and 10 cm respectively
b. 1 cm and 100 cm respectively
c. 10 cm and 1 cm respectively
d. 100 cm and 1 cm respectively
ii) If the focal length of the objective lens is increased then
a)Magnifying power of microscope will increase but that of telescope will decrease
b)Magnifying power of microscope and telescope both will increase
c)Magnifying power of microscope and telescope both will decrease
d)The magnifying power of microscope will decrease but that of the telescope will
increase
.iii) The magnifying power of a telescope is 9. When it is adjusted for parallel rays,
the distance between the objective and the eye-piece is found to be 20 cm. The
focal lengths of the lenses are
a) 18 cm, 2 cm b) 11 cm, 9 cm c)10 cm, 10 cm d) 15 cm, 5 cm
iv) ) In a compound microscope, magnifying power is 95 and the distance of the
object from the objective lens is 1/38 cm. The focal length of the objective lens ¼
cm. What is the magnification of eyepiece?
a) 5 b) 10 c) 100 d) 200
169
COMPETENCY BASED QUESTIONS
A ray of light travels from a denser to a rarer medium. After refraction, it bends
away from the normal. When we keep increasing the angle of incidence, the angle
of refraction also increases till the refracted ray grazes along the interface of two
media. The angle of incidence for which it happens is called critical angle. If the
1. angle of incidence is increased further the ray will not emerge and it will be
reflected back in the denser medium. This phenomenon is called total internal
reflection of light.
i)A ray of light travels from a medium into the water
at an angle of incidence of 18°. The refractive
index of the medium is more than that of water and
the critical angle for the interface between the two
media is 20°. Which one of the following figures
best represents the correct path of the ray of light?
ii) A point source of light is placed at the bottom of
a tank filled with water, of refractive index µ, to a depth h. The area of the surface
of water through which light from the source can emerge is:
a)πh²/2(μ²-1) b) πh²/(μ²-1)
c) πh²/(√2√(μ²-1)) d) 2πh²/(μ²-1)
iii) Is the formula "Real depth/Apparent depth =µ" valid if viewed from a position
quite away from the normal?
iv) A diver in a swimming pool wants to signal his distress to a person lying on the
edge of the pool by flashing his water proof flash light
a) He must direct the beam vertically upwards
b) He has to direct the beam horizontally
c) He has to direct the beam at an angle to the vertical which is slightly less than
the critical angle of incidence for total internal reflection
170
d) He has to direction the beam at an angle to the vertical which is slightly more
than the critical angle of incidence for the total internal reflection
2. The study of waves
in two dimensions is
often done using a
ripple tank. A ripple
tank is a large glass-
bottomed tank of
water that is used to
study the behavior
of water waves. A
light typically shines
upon the water from above and illuminates a white sheet of paper placed directly
below the tank. Light interacts differently with the varying curvature of the water's
surface, resulting in the projection of bright and dark regions onto a sheet of paper
below the tank. As the water waves move through the ripple tank, the dark and
bright spots move as well. As the waves encounter obstacles in their path, their
behavior can be observed by watching the movement of the dark and bright spots
on the sheet of paper. Ripple tank demonstrations are commonly done in a
Physics class in order to discuss the principles underlying the reflection, refraction,
and diffraction of waves.
[Link] : Plane mirror may form real image.
Reason : Plane mirror forms virtual image, if object is real.
ii) A biconvex lens made of a transparent material of refractive index 1.25 is
immersed in water of refractive index 1.33. Will the lens behave as a converging
lens? Give a reason.
iii) A transparent cube contains a small air bubble. Its apparent distance is 2 cm
when seen through one face and 5 cm when seen through other face. If the
refractive index of the material of the cube is 1.5, the real length of the edge of
cube must be:
a) 7 cm b) 7.5 cm c) 10.5 cm d) 20 cm
iv)A body is located on a wall. Its image of equal size is to be obtained on a parallel
wall with the help of a convex lens. The lens is placed at a distance d ahead of
second wall, then the required focal length will be:
A) only d/4 B) only d/2 C) more than d/4 but less than d/2 D)less than d/4
CCT BASED QUESTIONS
1 A comprehensive eye exam is simple and comfortable. It shouldn't take more than 4
45 to 90 minutes. Here is what the exam should include:
171
This is the part of an eye exam people are most familiar with. You will read an eye
chart to determine how well you see at various distances. You cover one eye while
the other is being tested. This exam will determine whether you have 20/20
vision or not.
Your doctor will ask you to look at an
eye chart through a device called a phoroptor. The phoroptor contains different
lenses. Your doctor may check how your pupils respond to light by shining a bright
beam of light into your eye. Pupils usually respond by getting smaller. If your pupils
widen or don't respond, this may reveal an underlying problem.
Loss of side vision (peripheral vision) may be a symptom of glaucoma. This test
can find eye problems you aren't aware of because you can lose side vision
without noticing.A test called ocular motility evaluates the movement of your eyes.
Your ophthalmologist looks to see if your eyes are aligned. They also check that
your eye muscles are working properly.
Eye pressure testing, called tonometry, measures intraocular eye pressure, or
IOP. Elevated IOP is one sign of glaucoma. Your ophthalmologist uses a slit-lamp
microscope to light up the front part of the eye. This includes
the eyelids, cornea, iris and lens. This test checks for cataracts or any scars or
scratches on your cornea.
i) The maximum magnification that can be obtained with a convex lens of focal
length 2.5 cm is (the least distance of distinct vision is 25 cm)
a) 10 b) 0.1 c) 62.5 d)11
ii) The magnifying power of a magnifying glass is 6. The focal length of its lens in
metres will be, if least distance of distinct vision is 25 cm
a) 0.05 b) 0.06 c) 0.25 d) 0.12
iii) Resolving power of human eye is:
a) 0.1 mm b) 1 mm c) 2 mm d)None of the above
iv) In a simple microscope, if the final image is located at infinity then its magnifying
power is
a) 25/f b) D/25 c) f/25 d) f/D+1
***********
172
