UPSC

Preliminary Examination
PART-A
(General studies and GK)

PAPER-I (200 Marks)

 Current events of national and international importance

Newspaper - THE HINDU

Magazines - YOJANA, KURUKSHETRA
NITI AAYOG WEBSITE

HISTORY
 History of India and Indian National Movement.

HISTORY ------- NCERT 6 TO 12

Ancient India - R.S SHARMA , TN HISTORY CLASS 11 OR UPINDER SINGH

Medieval India - SATHISH CHANDHRA (Orient Blackswan Publications)

Modern India – SPECTRUM By RAJIV AHIR OR BIPIN CHANDRA

GEOGRAPHY
 Indian and World Geography-Physical, Social, Economic Geography of India
and the World.
 GEOGRAPHY ------- NCERT 6 TO 12

CERTIFICATE PHYSICAL AND HUMAN GEO – GC LEONG

INDIAN AND WORLD GEOGRAPHY FOR UPSC CIVIL SERVICE - MAJID HUSAIN

OXFORD STUDENT ATLAS

THE ORIENT BLACKSWAN ATLAS FOR COMP. EXAMS

POLITY

 Indian Polity and Governance-Constitution, Political System, Panchayati

Raj, Public Policy, Rights Issues, etc.

POLITY ------- - NCERT - 6 TO 12

- INDIAN POLITY - [Link]

ECONOMICS

 Economic and Social Development-Sustainable Development, Poverty,

Inclusion, Demographics, Social Sector Initiatives, etc.

ECONOMICS --------- NCERT- 9 TO 12

INDIAN ECONOMY – RAMESH SING

AND CURRENT AFFAIRS & NITI Aayog Reports

ENVIRONMENT
 General issues on Environmental ecology, Bio-diversity and Climate Change
- that do not require subject specialization.
ENVIRONMENT --------- - NCERT - 12 - BIOLOGY (Ch – 13 TO 16)

- SHANKAR IAS ACADEMY

- ENVIRONMENT AND ECOLOGY - [Link]

AND CURRENT AFFAIRS

SCIENCE

 General Science.
 NCERT – 11------- CHEM - 14 ; BIO - 4,5

12-------CHEM – 16 ; BIO – 8, 9, 10

Paper II
CSAT (200marks)

 Comprehension;

 Interpersonal skills including communication skills;

 Logical reasoning and analytical ability;

 Decision making and problem solving;

 General mental ability;

 Basic numeracy (numbers and their relations, orders of magnitude, etc.)

(Class X level),

Data interpretation (charts, graphs, tables, data sufficiency etc. — Class X

level);

CRACKING THE CSAT – ARIHANT PUBLICATIONS

QUANTITATIVE APTITUDE - [Link]

PREVIOUS YEARS QUESTION PAPERS

 PART-B

MAINS
QUALIFYING PAPERS ON INDIAN LANGUAGES AND ENGLISH

தமிழ் - -ககொடுக்கப்பட்ட பத்திகளின் புொிதல்.

-சுருக்கி வரைதல்.
- பயன்பொடு மற்றும் க ொல்லகைொதி.
- ிறு கட்டுரைகள்.
-ஆங்கிலத்தில் இருந்து தமிழ் கமொழிக்கும்,
அதற்கு நேர்மொறொகவும் கமொழிகபயர்ப்பு.

- TN BOOK 6 TO 12

ENGLISH - (i) Comprehension of given passages.

(ii) Precis Writing.
(iii) Usage and Vocabulary.
(iv) Short Essays.

- COMPULSORY ENGLISH FOR IAS - A..P BHADWAJ

- UPSC CS IAS MAINS ENG SOLVED PAPERS

Essay: Candidates may be required to write essays on multiple topics. They

will be expected to keep closely to the subject of the essay to arrange their
ideas in orderly fashion, and to write concisely. Credit will be given for
effective and exact expression

ESSAY - 151 ESSAY – S.C GUPTA

General Studies-I (Art And culture, History, Sociology, Geography)

Indian Heritage and Culture, History and Geography

of the World and Society.

ART AND CULTURE

 Indian culture will cover the salient aspects of Art Forms, literature and
Architecture from ancient to modern times.
NCERT CLASS 11 ----- AN INTRO TO INDIAN ART
INDIAN ART AND CULTURE ------ NITIN SINGHANIA
CCRT WEBSITE
HISTORY

 Modern Indian history from about the middle of the eighteenth century until
the present- significant events, personalities, issues.

 The Freedom Struggle — its various stages and important

contributors/contributions from different parts of the country.

 Post-independence consolidation and reorganization within the country.

 History of the world will include events from 18th century such as industrial
revolution, world wars, redrawal of national boundaries, colonization,
decolonization, political philosophies like communism, capitalism, socialism
etc.— their forms and effect on the society.

HISTORY – REFER PRELIMS BOOK LIST

SOCIOLOGY

 Salient features of Indian Society, Diversity of India.

 Role of women and women’s organization, population and associated issues,

poverty and developmental issues, urbanization, their problems and their
remedies.
 Effects of globalization on Indian society.

 Social empowerment, communalism, regionalism & secularism.

SOCIOLOGY-----NCERT CLASS 11 AND 12

GEOGRAPHY

 Salient features of world’s physical geography.

 Distribution of key natural resources across the world (including South Asia
and the Indian subcontinent); factors responsible for the location of primary,
secondary, and tertiary sector industries in various parts of the world
(including India).

 Important Geophysical phenomena such as earthquakes, Tsunami, Volcanic

activity, cyclone etc., geographical features and their location-changes in
critical geographical features (including water-bodies and ice-caps) and in flora
and fauna and the effects of such changes.

GEOGRAPHY - REFER PRELIMS BOOKLIST

General Studies- II: (Polity And International Relations)

Governance, Constitution, Polity, Social Justice and
International relations.
 Indian Constitution—historical underpinnings, evolution, features,
amendments, significant provisions and basic structure.

 Functions and responsibilities of the Union and the States, issues and
challenges pertaining to the federal structure, devolution of powers and
finances up to local levels and challenges therein.

 Separation of powers between various organs dispute redressal mechanisms

and institutions.
 Comparison of the Indian constitutional scheme with that of other countries.

 Parliament and State legislatures—structure, functioning, conduct of

business, powers & privileges and issues arising out of these.

 Structure, organization and functioning of the Executive and the Judiciary—

Ministries and Departments of the Government; pressure groups and
formal/informal associations and their role in the Polity.

 Salient features of the Representation of People’s Act.

 Appointment to various Constitutional posts, powers, functions and

responsibilities of various Constitutional Bodies.

 Statutory, regulatory and various quasi-judicial bodies.

 Government policies and interventions for development in various sectors

and issues arising out of their design and implementation.

 Development processes and the development industry —the role of NGOs,

SHGs, various groups and associations, donors, charities, institutional and
other stakeholders.

 Welfare schemes for vulnerable sections of the population by the Centre and
States and the performance of these schemes; mechanisms, laws, institutions
and Bodies constituted for the protection and betterment of these vulnerable
sections.

 Issues relating to development and management of Social Sector/Services

relating to Health, Education, Human Resources.

 Issues relating to poverty and hunger.

 Important aspects of governance, transparency and accountability, e-

governance- applications, models, successes, limitations, and potential;
citizens charters, transparency & accountability and institutional and other
measures.

 Role of civil services in a democracy.

 India and its neighborhood- relations.

 Bilateral, regional and global groupings and agreements involving India
and/or affecting India’s interests.

 Effect of policies and politics of developed and developing countries on

India’s interests, Indian diaspora.

 Important International institutions, agencies and fora- their structure,

mandate.

POLITY:

- REFER PRELIMS BOOKLIST

GOVERNANCE :

-GOVERNANCE IN INDIA - LAXMIKANTH

INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS : (Any 1)

- INDIA’S FOREIGN POLICY – RAJIV SIKRI

OR - India and the World: Through the Eyes of Indian Diplomats

by SURENDRA KUMAR

OR - International Relations: PUSHPESH PAN

CONSTITUTION:

- OUR PARLIAMENT - SUBASH KASHYAP

-Introduction to the Constitution of India – DD BASU

OR
GOVERNANCE CONSTITUTION AND SOCIAL JUSTICE – SALMAN
KHURSHAND OR GAURAV GUPTA

SOCIAL JUSTICE : YOJANA , KURUKSHETRA

General Studies-III: (Science and Tech, Economics, Environment)
Technology, Economic Development, Bio diversity,
Environment, Security and Disaster Management
 Indian Economy and issues relating to planning, mobilization, of resources,
growth, development and employment.

 Inclusive growth and issues arising from it.

 Government Budgeting.

 Major crops-cropping patterns in various parts of the country, - different

types of irrigation and irrigation systems storage, transport and marketing of
agricultural produce and issues and related constraints; e-technology in the aid
of farmers.

 Issues related to direct and indirect farm subsidies and minimum support
prices; Public Distribution System- objectives, functioning, limitations,
revamping; issues of buffer stocks and food security; Technology missions;
economics of animal-rearing.

 Food processing and related industries in India- scope’ and significance,

location, upstream and downstream requirements, supply chain management.

 Land reforms in India.

 Effects of liberalization on the economy, changes in industrial policy and their

effects on industrial growth.

 Infrastructure: Energy, Ports, Roads, Airports, Railways etc.

 Investment models.

 Science and Technology- developments and their applications and effects in

everyday life.

 Achievements of Indians in science & technology; indigenization of

technology and developing new technology.
 Awareness in the fields of IT, Space, Computers, robotics, nano-technology,
bio-technology and issues relating to intellectual property rights.

 Conservation, environmental pollution and degradation, environmental

impact assessment.

 Disaster and disaster management.

 Linkages between development and spread of extremism.

 Role of external state and non-state actors in creating challenges to internal

security.

 Challenges to internal security through communication networks, role of

media and social networking sites in internal security challenges, basics of
cyber security; money-laundering and its prevention.

 Security challenges and their management in border areas - linkages of

organized crime with terrorism.

 Various Security forces and agencies and their mandate.

ECONOMICS:

-REFER PRELIMS BOOKLIST

INTERNAL SECURITY:

-CHALLENGES TO INTERNAL SECURITY OF INDIA - ASHOK KUMAR

ENVIRONMENT: -REFER PRELIMS BOOKLIST

- Down to Earth Magazine

- Economic Survey of India
- ICSE Environment Education Std 10(Especially for Mains)
- IGNOU Notes on Cyber Security

-IGNOU Notes on Disaster Management

- SHANKAR IAS ACADEMY

OR
- ENVIRONMENT AND DISASTER MANAGEMENT - TATA MCGRAW HILL
General Studies- IV: (ETTHICS)
Ethics, Integrity and Aptitude
 This paper will include questions to test the candidates’ attitude and
approach to issues relating to integrity, probity in public life and his problem
solving approach to various issues and conflicts faced by him in dealing with
society. Questions may utilise the case study approach to determine these
aspects. The following broad areas will be covered :

 Ethics and Human Interface: Essence, determinants and consequences of

Ethics in-human actions; dimensions of ethics; ethics - in private and public
relationships. Human Values - lessons from the lives and teachings of great
leaders, reformers and administrators; role of family society and educational
institutions in inculcating values.

 Attitude: content, structure, function; its influence and relation with thought
and behaviour; moral and political attitudes; social influence and persuasion.

 Aptitude and foundational values for Civil Service, integrity, impartiality and
non-partisanship, objectivity, dedication to public service, empathy, tolerance
and compassion towards the weaker-sections.

 Emotional intelligence-concepts, and their utilities and application in

administration and governance.

 Contributions of moral thinkers and philosophers from India and world.

 Public/Civil service values and Ethics in Public administration: Status and

problems; ethical concerns and dilemmas in government and private
institutions; laws, rules, regulations and conscience as sources of ethical
guidance; accountability and ethical governance; strengthening of ethical and
moral values in governance; ethical issues in international relations and
funding; corporate governance.

 Probity in Governance: Concept of public service; Philosophical basis of

governance and probity; Information sharing and transparency in government,
Right to Information, Codes of Ethics, Codes of Conduct, Citizen’s Charters,
Work culture, Quality of service delivery, Utilization of public funds, challenges
of corruption.

 Case Studies on above issues.

ETHICS:

-ARC REPORTS

-PSYCHOLOGY –NCERT---11 AND 12

-Ethics, Integrity, and Aptitude – Santosh Ajmera & Nanda Kishore Reddy

OR

-Lexicon for Ethics, Integrity & Aptitude for IAS General Studies Paper IV – Niraj
Kumar

OR

-Ethics, Integrity, and Aptitude – M Karthikeyan

OR

-Ethics, Integrity & Aptitude – G Subba Rao & P N Roy Chowdhury

PAPER-VI & PAPER VII
Optional Subject Papers I & II

POLITICAL SCIENCE AND INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

PAPER- I
Political Theory and Indian Politics :
1. Political Theory: meaning and approaches.

2. Theories of state : Liberal, Neo-liberal, Marxist, Pluiralist, post-colonial and

Feminist.

3. Justice : Conceptions of justice with special reference to Rawl’s theory of

justice and its communitarian critiques.

4. Equality : Social, political and economic; relationship between equality and

freedom; Affirmative action.

5. Rights : Meaning and theories; different kinds of rights; Concept of Human

Rights.

6. Democracy : Classical and contemporary theories; different models of

democracy—representative, participatory and deliberative.

7. Concept of power : hegemony, ideology and legitimacy.

8. Political Ideologies : Liberalism, Socialism, Marxism, Fascism, Gandhism and

Feminism.

9. Indian Political Thought: Dharamshastra, Arthashastra and Buddhist

Traditions; Sir Syed Ahmed Khan, Sri Aurobindo, M. K. Gandhi, B. R. Ambedkar,
M. N. Roy.

10. Western Political Thought : Plato, Aristotle, Machiavelli, Hobbes, Locke,

John S. Mill, Marx, Gramsci, Hannah Arendt.
Indian Government and Politics:
1. Indian Nationalism :

(a) Political Strategies of India’s Freedom Struggle : Constitutionalism to mass

Satyagraha, Noncooperation, Civil Disobedience; Militant and Revolutionary
Movements, Peasant and Workers Movements. Government strives to have a
workforce which reflects gender balance and women candidates are
encouraged to apply.

(b) Perspectives on Indian National Movement; Liberal, Socialist and Marxist;

Radical Humanist and Dalit.

2. Making of the Indian Constitution : Legacies of the British rule; different

social and political perspectives.

3. Salient Features of the Indian Constitution : The Preamble, Fundamental

Rights and Duties, Directive Principles; Parliamentary System and Amendment
Procedures; Judicial Review and Basic Structure doctrine.

4. (a) Principal Organs of the Union Government : Envisaged role and actual
working of the Executive, Legislature and Supreme Court.

(b) Principal Organs of the State Government : Envisaged role and actual
working of the Executive, Legislature and High Courts.

5. Grassroots Democracy : Panchayati Raj and Municipal Government;

Significance of 73rd and 74th Amendments; Grassroot movements.

6. Statutory Institutions/Commissions : Election Commission, Comptroller and

Auditor General, Finance Commission, Union Public Service Commission,
National Commission for Scheduled Castes, National Commission for
Scheduled Tribes, National Commission for Women; National Human Rights
Commission, National Commission for Minorities, National Backward Classes
Commission.

7. Federalism : Constitutional provisions; changing nature of centre-state

relations; integrationist tendencies and regional aspirations; inter-state
disputes.
8. Planning and Economic development : Nehruvian and Gandhian
perspectives; Role of planning and public sector; Green Revolution, land
reforms and agrarian relations; liberalization and economic reforms.

9. Caste, Religion and Ethnicity in Indian Politics.

10. Party System : National and regional political parties, ideological and social
bases of parties; Patterns of coalition politics; Pressure groups, trends in
electoral behaviour; changing socio-economic profile of Legislators.

11. Social Movement : Civil liberties and human rights movements; women’s
movements; environmentalist movements.

PAPER-II
Comparative Politics and International Relations
Comparative Political Analysis and International Politics :

1. Comparative Politics : Nature and major approaches; Political economy and

political sociology perspectives; Limitations of the comparative method.

2. State in Comparative Perspective : Characteristics and changing nature of

the State in capitalist and socialist economies, and advanced industrial and
developing societies.

3. Politics of Representation and Participation : Political parties, pressure

groups and social movements in advanced industrial and developing societies.

4. Globalisation : Responses from developed and developing societies.

5. Approaches to the Study of International Relations : Idealist, Realist,

Marxist, Functionalist and Systems theory.

6. Key Concepts in International Relations : National interest, security and

power; Balance of power and Government strives to have a workforce which
reflects gender balance and women candidates are encouraged to apply.
deterrence; Transational actors and collective security; World capitalist
economy and globalisation.
7. Changing International Political Order : (a) Rise of super powers; Strategic
and ideological Bipolarity, arms race and cold war; Nuclear threat;

(b) Non-aligned Movement : Aims and achievements.

(c) Collapse of the Soviet Union; Unipolarity and American hegemony;

Relevance of non-alignment in the contemporary world.

8. Evolution of the International Economic System : From Brettonwoods to

WTO; Socialist economies and the CMEA (Council for Mutual Economic
Assistance); Third World demand for new international economic order;
Globalisation of the world economy.

9. United Nations : Envisaged role and actual record; Specialized UN

agencies—aims and functioning; need for UN reforms.

10. Regionalisation of World Politics : EU, ASEAN, APEC, AARC, NAFTA. 11.
Contemporary Global Concerns : Democracy, human rights, environment,
gender justice terrorism, nuclear proliferation.

India and the World:

1. Indian Foreign Policy : Determinants of foreign policy; the institutions of

policy-making; Continuity and change.

2. India’s Contribution to the Non-Alignment Movement Different phases;

Current role.

3. India and South Asia :

(a) Regional Co-operation : SAARC-past performance and future prospects.

(b) South Asia as a Free Trade Area.

(c) India’s “Look East” policy.

(d) Impediments to regional co-operation : River water disputes; illegal cross border
migration; Ethnic conflicts and insurgencies; Border disputes.

4. India and the Global South : Relations with Africa and Latin America;
Leadership role in the demand for NIEO and WTO negotiations.

5. India and the Global Centres of Power : USA, EU, Japan, China and Russia.
6. India and the UN System: Role in UN Peace-keeping; Demand for
Permanent Seat in the Security Council.

7. India and the Nuclear Question : Changing perceptions and policy.

8. Recent developments in Indian Foreign Policy : India’s position on the

recent crises in Afghanistan, Iraq and West Asia, growing relations with US and
Isreal; Vision of a new world order.

PAPER 1

-POLITICAL THEORY-OP GAUBA

- A HISTORY OF POLITICAL THOUGHT PLATO AND MARX BY

SUSHILA RAMASAMY AND SUBRATA MUKERJEE

-FOUNDATIONS OF INDIAN THOUGHT- VR MEHTA

PAPER 2

INDIAN FOREIGN POLICY – RAJIV SIKRI

INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS – PRU GHOSH

GLOBAL POLITICS – ANDRE HEYWOOD

PAPER-VI & PAPER VII
Optional Subject Papers I & II
SOCIOLOGY

PAPER– I
FUNDAMENTALS OF SOCIOLOGY
1. Sociology - The Discipline:

(a) Modernity and social changes in Europe and emergence of Sociology.

(b) Scope of the subject and comparison with other social sciences.

(c) Sociology and common sense.

2. Sociology as Science:

(a) Science, scientific method and critique.

(b) Major theoretical strands of research methodology.

(c) Positivism and its critique.

(d) Fact value and objectivity.

( e) Non-positivist methodologies.

3. Research Methods and Analysis:

(a) Qualitative and quantitative methods.

(b) Techniques of data collection.

(c ) Variables, sampling, hypothesis, reliability and validity.

4. Sociological Thinkers:

(a) Karl Marx - Historical materialism, mode of production, alienation, class struggle.

(b) Emile Durkhteim - Division of labour, social fact, suicide, religion and society.
 (c) Max Weber - Social action, ideal types, authority, bureaucracy, protestant ethic and the
spirit of capitalism.

(d) Talcolt Parsons - Social system, pattern variables.

(e) Robert K. Merton - Latent and manifest functions, conformity and deviance, reference
groups.

(f) Mead - Self and identity.

5. Stratification and Mobility :

(a) Concepts - equality, inequality, hierarchy, exclusion, poverty and deprivation.

(b) Theories of social stratification - Structural func tionalist theory, Marxist theory,
Weberian theory.

(c) Dimensions - Social stratification of class, status groups, gender, ethnicity and race.

(d) Social mobility - open and closed systems, types of mobility, sources and causes of
mobility.

6. Works and Economic Life :

(a) Social organization of work in different types of society - slave society, feudal society,
industrial capitalist society.

(b) Formal and informal organization of work.

(c) Labour and society.

7. Politics and Society:

(a) Sociological theories of power.

(b) Power elite, bureaucracy, pressure groups and political parties.

(c) Nation, state, citizenship, democracy, civil society, ideology.

(d) Protest, agitation, social movements, collective action, revolution.

8. Religion and Society :

(a) Sociological theories of religion.

(b) Types of religious practices: animism, monism, pluralism, sects, cults.

(c) Religion in modern society: religion and science, secularization, religious revivalism,
fundamen talism.
9. Systems of Kinship:

(a) Family, household, marriage.

(b) Types and forms of family.

(c) Lineage and descent

(d) Patriarchy and sexual division of labour.

(e) Contemporary trends.

10. Social Change in Modern Society :

(a) Sociological theories of social change.

(b) Development and dependency.

(c) Agents of social change.

(d) Education and social change.

(e) Science, technology and social change.

PAPER–II
INDIAN SOCIETY : STRUCTURE AND CHANGE
A. Introducing Indian Society
(i) Perspectives on the Study of Indian Society :

(a) Indology (G.S. Ghure).

(b) Structural functionalism (M. N. Srinivas).

(c) Marxist sociology (A. R. Desai).

(ii) Impact of colonial rule on Indian society :

(a) Social background of Indian nationalism.

(b) Modernization of Indian tradition.

(c) Protests and movements during the colonial period.

(d) Social reforms.

B. Social Structure:
(i) Rural and Agrarian Social Structure:

(a) The idea of Indian village and village studies.

(b) Agrarian social structure— evolution of land tenure system, land reforms.

(ii) Caste System:

(a) Perspectives on the study of caste systems: G. S. Ghurye, M. N. Srinivas, Louis Dumont,
Andre Beteille.

(b) Features of caste system.

(c) Untouchability-forms and perspectives

(iii) Tribal Communities in India:

(a) Definitional problems.

(b) Geographical spread.

(c) Colonial policies and tribes.

(d) Issues of integration and autonomy.

(iv) Social Classes in India:

(a) Agrarian class structure.

(b) Industrial class structure.

(c) Middle classes in India.

(v) Systems of Kinship in India:

(a) Lineage and descent in India.

(b) Types of kinship systems.

(c) Family and marriage in India.

(d) Household dimensions of the family.

(e) Patriarchy, entitlements and sexual division oflabour.

(vi) Religion and Society :

(a) Religious communities in India.

(b) Problems of religious minorities.

C. Social Changes in India:

(i) Visions of Social Change in India:

(a) Idea of development planning and mixed economy.

(b) Constitution, law and social change.

(c) Education and social change.

(ii) Rural and Agrarian Transformation in India:

(a) Programmes of rural development, Community Development Programme,

cooperatives, poverty alleviation schemes.

(b) Green revolution and social change.

(c) Changing modes of production in Indian agriculture.

(d) Problems of rural labour, bondage, migration.

(iii) Industrialization and Urbanisation in India:

(a) Evolution of modern industry in India.

(b) Growth of urban settlements in India.

(c) Working class: structure, growth, class mobilization.

(d) Informal sector, child labour.

(e) Slums and deprivation in urban areas.

(iv) Politics and Society :

(a) Nation, democracy and citizenship.

(b) Political parties, pressure groups, social and political elite.

(c) Regionalism and decentralization of power.

(d) Secularization.

(v) Social Movements in Modern India :

(a) Peasants and farmers movements.

(b) Women’s movement.

(c) Backward classes & Dalit movements.

 (d) Environmental movements.

(e) Ethnicity and Identity movements.

(vi) Population Dynamics :

(a) Population size, growth, composition and distribution.

(b) Components of population growth: birth, death, migration.

(c) Population Policy and family planning.

(d) Emerging issues: ageing, sex ratios, child and infant mortality, reproductive health.

(vii) Challenges of Social Transformation :

(a) Crisis of development : displacement, environmental problems and sustainability.

(b) Poverty, deprivation and inequalities.

(c) Violence against women.

(d) Caste conflicts.

(e) Ethnic conflicts, communalism, religious revivalism.

(f) Illiteracy and disparities in education.

Paper 1:
-Introduction to Sociology by Anthony Giddens

-Sociological Theory by George Ritzer

-Sociology Themes and Perspectives by Haralambos & Holborn

-A Dictionary of Sociology by John Scott

-Sociological Thought by Francis Abraham and John Henry Morgan

-An Introduction to Political Theory by O P Gauba

Paper 2
- Social Change in Modern India by M N Srinivas
-Caste Its Twentieth Century Avatar by M N Srinivas

-Handbook of Indian Sociology by Veena Das

-Indian Society: Themes and Social Issues by Nadeem Hasnain

-Modernization of Indian Tradition by Yogendra Singh

-Rural Sociology by S.L Doshi and P.C Jain

-Social Background of Indian Nationalism by A R Desai