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ZIMBABWE SCHOOL EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL

General Certificate of Education Ordinary Level

GEOGRAPHY 2248/2
PAPER 2

JUNE 2017 SESSION 2 hours 30 minutes

Additional materials:
Answer paper

TIME 2 hours 30 minutes

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES

Write your name, centre number and candidate number in the spaces provided on the answer
paper/answer booklet.
Answer four questions.
Answer one question from each of Sections A, B and C and one other question from any section.
Write your answers on the separate answer paper provided.
If you use more than one sheet of paper, fasten the sheets together.

INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES

The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question.

Sketch maps and diagrams should be drawn whenever they serve to illustrate an answer.

This question paper consists of 14 printed pages and 2 blank pages.

Copyright: Zimbabwe School Examinations Council, J2017 .

©ZIMSEC 12017 [Turn over

 ~
Section A (Physical Environment)

Answer at least one question from this section.

1 (a) Outline the benefits and problems associated with living in a limestone
region. [7]

(b) Fig. 1 shows river features in a floodplain.

-----------
-------------
----
----
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------

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1IIIfilllillllllllllilllli;li~lllllilllilllllllllll
~Road
~
~ Bridge
~I'"
~ Cultivated land
Fig. 1

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 -.

(i) Using Fig.I, state the possible advantages of settling in the flood
plain shown. [5]

(ii) With the aid of labelled diagrams, show how levees are formed. [6]

(c) Identify problems posed by fold mountains to people and suggest solutions ,
to overcome these problems. [7]

2 (a) (i) Define the term air mass. [2]

(ii) Describe weather associated with a warm front. [4]

(iii) Name the instrument used to measure atmospheric pressure. [1]

(b) Fig. 2 shows air movement around Lake Kariba during the day.

11
11 Kariba town

----- --
----------------------------------------------------
~~~~~~~~~~~~:~~~:~~~~~:~~~
KEY:
Air movement

Fig. 2

Describe and explain the air movement shown. [5]

(c) (i) Draw a labelled diagram to show why Chimanimani mountain

receives more rainfall than Save Valley. [6]

(ii) What problems are likely to be faced by farmers in the

Chimanimani Highlands as a result of too much rainfall? [4]

(iii) What advice would you give the farmers in (c) (ii) above to solve
the problems? [3]

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 4
-l<l3 (a) (i) Define the terms herbivores and carnivores as used in biotic
studies. [4]

(ii) Outline the major characteristics of tropical desert vegetation. [3]

(b) Study Photograph A below.

(i) Describe the scene in the photograph above. [5]

(ii) State any two environmental problems that are likely to be caused
by the human activities shown in the photograph. [2]
(iii) Soil is made up of the following components:

Organic matter 5%
Water 25 %
Air 25 %
Mineral matter 45 %
Draw a pie chart to illustrate these components. [4]
(c) (i) What measures can be taken to conserve water in your area? [4]
(ii) What challenges can be experienced in implementing these
measures? [3]
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 Section B (Economic Geography)

Answer at least one question from this section.

4 (a) (i) What are fossil fuels? [2]

(ii) What is the negative impact of mining on the environment

in Zimbabwe? [5]

(b) (i) Table 1 shows the different uses of coal in Zimbabwe.

Table 1

Uses of coal Percentage of

Total amount
produced %
Coke 30
Thermal power 25
Agriculture 15
Railway Transport 14
Manufacturing 10
Mining 6

Describe the uses of coal using Table 1. [6]

(ii) Fig. 3 shows a thermal power station.

.······f ,..... c.."'-~
........
{ . steam #~.: "-/ smoke
. )
(:yl·::::;!r·····~······\...··
Iii
I:/1
I'
il
I
I

Fig. 3

Using Fig. 3, describe how thermal electricity is generated. [5]

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 (c) In Zimbabwe, about 90% of households in rural areas use wood as the
main source of energy. What measures can be put in place to ensure
that there is adequate energy in the rural areas? [7]

5 (a) (i) Give any three reasons for the decline of the dairy herd in
Zimbabwe in recent years. [3]

(ii) Classify the following information into inputs and outputs of a

farming system.

Arable land 4 hectares

Grain yield = 150 bags

Communal pasture 50 hectares

Average rainfall 1 000 mm per year [4]

(b) Study Photograph B below.

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(i) Describe the scene in the photograph. [6]

(ii) What type of farming is practised by the inhabitants of the area

shown? [1]

(iii) How have the farmers solved the challenges posed by the steep
slope? [1]

(c) Fig. 4 shows percentages of land uses in different agro-ecological regions

of Zimbabwe.

Agro-ecological
region

~I

[[J]J]II
D III
40

20

o
Communal Large-scale Small-scale All
farming commercial commercial national
farming farming land
Fig. 4

(i) What percentage of land for communal farming is in Region 5? [1]

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 ~ 8
(ii) Which agro-ecological region has the highest percentage in small
scale commercial farming? [1]

(iii) Which farming activity occupies the largest percentage in

Region 1? [1]

(d) "Tobacco farming is one of the most important farming activities in

Zimbabwe." What points can you raise for and against this statement? [7]

6 (a) (i) . Define the term beneficiation. [2]

(ii) Table 2 shows types of industry.

Table 2

Type of industry Main characteristic Example

Primary (i) ....................... (ii) ................
Secondary (m) ..................... (iv) ...............
Tertiary Provision of services (v) ................

On your answer sheet, fill in the blanks (i) to (v). [5]

(b) Fig. 5 shows the proportions of working population in three sectors of

employment for four countries R. S. T. and U.

S 'I.

,"I foU
I

lo-<iJ
Employment structure
" ')
~ Primary ')'~'\

I':;::;::::::
' i'Fl'!'I Secondary
~ Tertiary

Fig. 5
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 ..,

(i) Which of the countries is most economically developed? [1]

(ii) State the least economically developed country. [1]

(iii) What percentage of workers is in the tertiary sector in country T? [1]

(c) Fig. 6 shows possible locations of industries at sites A to E.

KEY
Wide tarred road
(@ Large city
ItIIffH!tttt Railway line

Fig. 6

Stating your reasons in each case, suggest the most suitable site for:

(i) a bakery
(ii) an oil refinery
(iii) a saw mill
(iv) a sewage processing plant [8]

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 ..,

(d) Zimbabwe has in recent years experienced a decline in industrial output.

(i) What in your view have been the reasons for this decline? [4]

(ii) How could this decline be reduced? [3]

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11
Section C (Population, Settlement, Transport and Trade)

Answer at least one question from this section.

7 (a) (i) Define the term urbanisation. [2]

(ii) State the main characteristics of the Central Business District

(CBD) of a city. [5]

(iii) What are the major problems associated with urbanisation? [4]

(iv) How can the problems stated in (a)(iii) above be solved? [3]

(b) Draw a labelled diagram to show the structure of a radial settlement

pattern. [3]

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 -~ 12
(c) Fig. 7 shows the layout of a rural settlement before and after a land
reform programme.
BEFORE LAND REFORM
10 0
0
0 01
0 ° 0°1
0
°
100 ° o:;:J ;
I 0 °00 /

° ...
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•..
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I
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1° 0° 001
J"L J"L J"L
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,
J"L

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J"L

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- •.. ,
, ,
1°0 ° 0°1
I
I
000 0 0 0 "
1 0 I I
I

1° o ° 0
0 0"1
0 k2 1 km
I I I

KEY
J"L farm huts
~ farmers plots
foot paths
wide gravel road

AFTER LAND REFORM

o
/
KEY o Yz 1 km
I I I
wide gravel road

c::J
farm boundary
new farm house
..
UIJID new community hall
~ new grain collection depot

o grinding mill
5§ grocery shop

Fig. 7
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--13

(i) Describe the changes that have taken place on the settlement after
the land reform. [6]

(ii) State any two benefits enjoyed by the farmers as a result of the
changes stated in (c) (i) above. [2]

8'l\t (a) (i) Define the terms underpopulation and population density as used
in population studies. [4]

(ii) State the factors that are responsible for high birth rates in some
African countries. [2]

(b) Study Table 3 which shows the population of five largest cities in the
world in 1980 and in 2000.

Table 3

1980 2000
Rank City Population Rank City Population
(millions) (millions)
1 New York 12,3 1 Mexico City 31,0
2 London 10,4 2 Sao Paulo 25,8
3 Rhine-Ruhr 6,9 3 Shanghai 23,7
4 Tokyo 6,7 4 Tokyo 23,7
5 Shanghai 5,8 5 New York 22,4

(i) Describe the changes that have taken place in the population of
the cities shown. [5]

(ii) Draw a bar graph, to scale, to show the population of the five cities
in 1980. [6]

(c) (i) What are the problems experienced in rural areas as a result of
rural-urban migration? [5]

(ii) how can the problems in c (i) above be reduced? [3]

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 -, -'" 14

9 (a) (i) Explain why most rivers in Zimbabwe are not used for water
transport. [3]

(ii) Outline the problems experienced by railway transport in

Zimbabwe. [4]

(iii) How could the problems stated in a (ii) above be solved? [4]

(b) What are the advantages of using animal drawn carts as a means of
transport in the rural areas of Zimbabwe? [7]

(c) Fig. 8 shows the pattern of world trade.

Exports from .
LEDCs to
MEDCs ($650bn)

KEY
bn = billion
MEDCs = More Economically Development Countries
LEDCs = Less Economically Development Countries

Fig. 8

(i) Describe the pattern of trade shown. [4]

(ii) Suggest how trade among the less economically developed

countries may be increased. [3]

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