LEKKALA MASTER
TRIGONOMETRY - SYNOPSIS
I)
1).
2).
3).
4).
5).
6)
7)
7a) =
7b) =
7c)
7d)
II)
8)
9)
10)
11) and
12) and
13)
14)
15)
III)
16) and
17) and
18)
19)
20) = when and
= when
21) = when and
= when
IV)
22)
23) i)
ii)
iii)
iv)
v)
vi) &
vii)
vii)
Example:
Example:
Example: =1
24)
25)
26)
27)
28)
29) (example: sin20 + sin50 – sin 70 = 0 )
30)
31)
32)
33)
Trigonometry general
34)
35) If ,then
35a) If , then (where n is a natural number) for all
Sum / Product of the trigonometry terms / sereies
36a)
36b)
36c) , where
37) If , or then
( Use )
38a)
38b)
38c)
38d)
39a)
39b)
39c)
39d)
40)
41)
42)
43)
44)
45) If then
Example: The value of is equal to 0
46)
example:
Equations:
47) If then the equation has six roots as
are roots of
are roots of
48) then the equation has six roots as
are roots of
are roots of
49) are the roots of and hence
and .
.
50) If and , then
51) If , and then and also
are the roots of
Some standard results:
52)
53) If , then
a)
b and
54) The value of can be equal to 2, if and sinax both are equal to one but are not
equal to one for any common value of x.
15 18 22.5 30 36 45 54 60 67.5 72 75
Sin
cos
tan
Maximum and minimum values:
55) Let and for some , is always greater than 6
56a)
56b)
57) Minimum value of is 2ab for all in its domain
58) If then then
59) If then and also
60) If , then
61) Range of is
62) Range of is
63. The range of is
64. The range of is
65) for all real values of x.
66a) If and (fixed) then the maximum value of each expression
i)
ii)
iii) occurs when
66b) If and (fixed) then the minimum value of each expression
i)
ii)
iii) occurs when
67) It is given that a > 0, b > 0, c > 0 and a + b + c = abc,
Then all of the three numbers cannot be less than
Because In a , tanA + tanB + tanC = tanA tanB tanC.
Results related to triangle:
In general
If , then
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
10)
11)
If ,
12) ,
13) ,
14)
15)
16)
17)
18)
19)
20)
If ,then
21) =
21a) =
22) If , then =
23) =
24) , (where A,B and C are the angles of a triangle ABC)
24a)
(where A,B and C are the angles of a triangle ABC)
25) In any ABC, which is not right angled, is constant (i.e. 2)
Maximum and minimum values:
1) , where A,B and C are the angles of an acute angle triangle ABC
2) , where A,B and C are the angles of an acute angle triangle ABC
3) In an acute angled triangle ABC, if then at least one of the angles is
3a) If and A + B + C = , then the minimum value of sin 3A + sin 3B + sin 3C is -2
4) If A, B, C are the angles of triangle, then maximum value of sinA+sinB+sinC and sinAsinBsinC
occurs when A = B = C = 60o
5) In a triangle ABC, if then at least one of the angles is 120 ( the triangle
is obtuse angled triangle)
Ptolemy’s theorem: In a cyclic quadrilateral ABCD, [Link] = [Link] + [Link] i.e., in a cyclic
quadrilateral the product of diagonals is equal to the sum of the product of the lengths of the
opposite sides,
TRIGONOMETRIC EQUATIONS
1. If where .
2. If where .
3. If where .
4. If ,
5.
6. [Note : is called the principle angle]
7. TYPES OF TRIGONOMETRIC EQUATIONS :
A) Solutions of equations by factorizing.
Examples:
i)
ii)
B) Solutions of equations reducible to quadratic equations.
Examples
i) 3 and
ii)
C) Solving equations by introducing an Auxilliary argument.
Examples:
i)
ii)
iii)
D) solving equations by transforming a sum of Trigonometric functions into a product. Consider the
Examples:
i) ;
ii)
iii)
E) solving equations by transforming a product of trigonometric functions into a sum.
Examples:
i)
ii)
iii)
F) solving equations by a change of variable :
(i) Equations of the form of where a, b &d are real numbers & can
be solved by changing into their corresponding tangent of half the angle.
Example:
i) 3 cos x + 4 sin x = 5.
G) Many equations can be solved by introducing a new variable.
Example:
i) The equation changes to by substituting,
.
H) Solving equations with the use of the Boundness of the functions sin or by making two
perfect squares.
Examples
i)
ii)
8. TRIGONOMETRIC INEQUALATIES: There is no general rule to solve a Trigonometric
inequations and the same rules of algebra are valid except the domain and range of trigonometric
functions should be kept in mind.
Consider the examples :
9. Standard results:
a) The equation 2x = (2n + 1) π , (where n is a positive integer)
has exactly 2n + 3 real roots [because ]
b) If , , then
c) . , where n is an odd natural number
d) If m and n (>m) are positive integers, the number of solutions of the equation
in is 4
