Server Admin –

Port Number

DNS – 53 | DHCP SERVER – 67 | DHCP CLIENT – 68 | LDAP – 389 | Secure LDAP - 636
RDP – 3389 | HTTP – 80 | HTTPS – 443 | Kerbores – 88 | Global Catelog – 3268 | FTP - 21
SSL – 22 | Telnet - 23
SMTP - 25

1. What is active directory?

Active Directory (AD) is a database and set of services that connect users with the network
resources they need to get their work done. The database (or directory) contains critical
information about your environment, including what users and computers there are and
who’s allowed to do what.
2. What is domain –
Domain is a collection of Network resources, like users, groups, computers and other
network resources. They
3. Name of the Protocol used in Active Directory?
LDAP (Light Weight Directory Access) protocol - Port No 389
Secure LDAP – 636
Kerbores – Kerbores is a network authentication protocol that provides secure
authentication in distributed network environment. Its uses secure cryptographic key for
authentication. Port No - 88
*Features of kerbores –
Delegated authentication –
Single Sign on –
Efficient authentication
Manual authentication
4. What is Sysvol –
The SysVOL file keeps the server’s copy of the domain’s public files. The fillings such as
users, group policy, etc. of the SysVOL folders are simulated to all area controllers in the
domain. %System root%\Windows\system32
5. Active Directory Schema –
Active directory schema contains every objects class that exists on forest. Also its contain
every objects attribute in domain.
6. Components of AD. –
Physical structure – Domain controller, Sites.
Logical Structure – Tree, Forest, Domain and OU.
7. Define FSMO Roles – ( Flexible Single Master Operation)
There are 5 roles responsible for how every domain controller works.
a) Schema master (One in a Forest) – Store information about Active Directory schema like
user, group, computer objects information.
b) Domain naming master(One in a Forest) – Responsible for adding and removing domain
in the forest. And also ensure that all domain name should be unique in a forest.
c) RID master (One in a Domain Controller) – Responsible for provide SID to every created
object in the domain.
 d) PDC Emulator (One in a Domain Controller) – Responsible for time sync, and client
authentication.
e) Infrastructure master (One in a Domain Controller)- Updating information about domain
users , group in global catalog.
8. What is AD Recycle bin?
Active Directory Recycle bin is a characteristic of Windows Server. It helps to restore by
chance deleted AD objects without backup or restore whole database.
9. Transfer FSMO roles –
Checking roles - netdom query fsmo.
Ntdsutil
Roles
Connections
Connect to server
Transfer (When Primary domain in up) roles name.
Seize (When Primary domain controller is down or unavailable) roles name.
10. Windows server backup –
Bare metal backup – OS, user data, system settings, software, driver backup.
System state backup - Active Directory Database backup.
EFI System partition – Bootloader
Data disk backup.
11. Active Directory Database - NTDS.dit

12. What is DNS – Domain Naming System/Service

13. DNS Port – 53
14. DNS Zones – Forward Lookup Zone - Resolved Name query against the ip.
Reverse Lookup Zone – Resolved ip query against name.
15. Primary Zone – Store read write copy of zone file. You can manual entry of DNS record.
16. Secondary Zone – Store read only copy of zone file. Master copy of primary zone.
17. Stub Zone –Store only SOA records and NS record of different DNS name space.
18. Authoritative DNS server – Authoritative DNS server is the final holder of ip and name
information you are looking for. Its contain information about the specific domain. It usually
the last of DNS resolver.
19. Static DNS – Manual entries of DNS query.
Dynamic DNS – DNS server can automatically store query that’s called Dynamic DNS.
20. Iterative Query – When client sent query to DNS server and client getting suitable
information from the server that’s called iterative query.
21. Recursive query – When DNS server don’t have any information about the query and its pass
the query to any other DNS server then client gets suitable information. That last DNS
resolver called recursive query.
22. Cache DNS server – This DNS server cache the every query and return results. This server
store query in cache. In future server’s revolved the query locally.
23. How to check status of DNS - NSLOOKUP, IPCONFIG, DNSCMD
24. What is forwarders – When DNS server cannot resolved the query then forwarder take care
of it. Queries are routed to another DNS server.
25. Why we use DNS – Resolved name and ip information
Location of the website in the internet can be access via DNS
DNS gives websites a special unique ip address.
26. DNS Record –
A – Contains host record with ipv4
AAAA – Contains host record with ipv6
CNAME – Alias name record
MX – Mail exchange server record
NS – Name server record
TXT- Store text information for mail authentication.
SOA – Start of Authority (Mail address owner of server, Zone serial number)
SRV – Service Record host name with ip address and port no also.

27. What is TTL – ( Time to Live)

For the period of time server cache the DNS query for period of time, then it expire. New
one must be made before expire.
28. Round Robin DNS – Distributed load of DNS traffic multiple DNS server ips.
29. Types of DNS Server – TLD (Top Level Domain) , Authoritative DNS, Recursive DNS, Root DNS
30. DNS resolution process –
Client  Recursive DNS Top Level Domain (TLD) Authoritative DNS
31. DNS Troubleshooting
Check Network connectivity, Check proper DNS configuration, Check DNS records,
Clear cache, Check firewall settings, Ping DNS server, Examine DNS logs.

32. DHCP – Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (Port – 67,68)

33. DHCP – Provide IP address to client automatically. Also provide Subnet mask and default
gateway.
34. DHCP process – DORA
D – Discover (Client sent a Discover message to available DHCP Server)
O – Offer (DHCP server sent Offer with ip address to client)
R – Request (Client request the ip address for lease)
A – Acknowledge (DHCP server send acknowledge message to client with ip)
35. DHCP Scope – Scope is range of ip address that is assigned to client.
36. Super Scope – Group of scope are called Super Scope. Use for managing large number of
network.
37. DHCP reservation – Ip reservation means reserved some ip address for certain system.
When device connected to the network then it will assign specific ip every time.
38. DHCP Lease – DHCP server provide ip address to the clients for a time period. Default - 8 D
39. DHCP Database file ext. - .mdb (Systemroot\System32\DHCP)
40. DHCP Relay – Any TCP/IP host work as a forwarders between two DHCP server that’s called
DHCP relay.
41. What is APIPA – Automatic Private IP Address- When DHCP fails to assign ip address then
computer automatically assign ip address its called APIPA. 169.254.0.0 – 169.254.255.255
42. DHCP Release – ipconfig /release
43. DHCP Renew – ipconfig /renew
44. DHCP Decline – Sent from Client – That ip address is already used by another device.
45. DHCPNAK - Sent from DHCP Server – No ip address available at this time.

46. What is Group Policy – Group policy is a set of rule that applied on group of users and
computer. That responsible for how any users, groups and computer works on domain.
47. GPO (Group Policy Object) – Collection of group policy settings that applied on users and
groups.
48. GPlink - That is link between GPO and containers (OU).
49. GPUPDATE - Group Policy Update - gpupdate /force.
50. GPT – Group Policy Template - This is a file store Group Policy Settings.
51. What things can be managed using Group Policy - Users, computer settings and
Application.
52. GPMC (Group Policy Management Console) – It is a central location where I can Create and
manage Group Policy. And perform many group policy Tasks.
53. Local Group Policy - Stored on local Computer. Its worked only on specific workgroup
computer.
54. Domain Group Policy – It’s stored on Server. And its applied to all systems or user on
domain.
55. Common issue on group policy - Slow boot time, Slow login time, High CPU usage and
Network slowness.
56. Why we use Group Policy – Deploy Software, Control user settings, Manage Desktop
environment, we can apply security.
57. What is the hierarchy of Group Policy –
LSDOU – (Local  Site Domain Organizational Unit)
58. Group Policy Console Command – Domain – gpmc.msc
Local – gpedit.msc
59. User Logon Script – This script is set of instruction that are executed when user login to the
system. It is used for setup network drive, configure printer, and open any application.
Path – User Configuration Polices Windows Settings Scripts.
60. Creating WMI filter – Categorise GPO filter like we can apply any Group Policy only for
windows 10.
61. GPT - 9.4 ZB (1 ZB = 1 billion TB) | 128 Primary Partition
62. MBR – 2 TB | 4 Primary Partition
63. NTFS – 16 EB (1EB = 1 Million TB) | 128 Characters
64. FAT32 – 4GB | 8 Characters