BOLIVIAN POLICE

NATIONAL DIRECTORATE OF INSTRUCTION AND TEACHING

POLICE UNIVERSITY

MCAL. ANTONIO JOSE DE SUCRE

HIGHER TECHNICAL TRAINING CENTER

THE OVERCROWDING OF THE SANTA REHABILITATION CENTER

CRUZ PALMASOLA.

Applicant for the Academic Degree of: Higher Technician in Police Sciences

Segundino Bautista

Dr. Lucia Rubinic Nuic

SANTA CRUZ–BOLIVIA

2017
 SUMMARY

To analyze the phenomenon of overcrowding or prison overpopulation, one must

to clarify some concepts, for which the following will be taken as a reference
definition proposed by the United Nations Institute for Prevention of
Crime and the Treatment of the Offender:

Overcrowding is the situation in which the prison density is greater than

100, because there are more people imprisoned than the capacity established for one.

prison or for the entirety of the system. This implies improving the conditions in
those that live in the detention center of Palmasola. According to the
We affirm that we are considering the following research topic:

The overcrowding of the Santa Cruz Palmasola rehabilitation center.

It is worth mentioning the organization of this monograph due to its great magnitude.

professional and its continuous methodology with which it has been developed; first
we have the summary or synthesis of the present work, then the introduction,
objectives, general and specific steps to follow for the research, the
literary review or theoretical framework of the research and finally we have the
conclusions and very personal recommendations of the work done.

Palabras claves:Hacinamiento, Sobrepoblación, penas, prisión, densidad,

penitentiary, development, rehabilitation, penalties, pardon, wing, hearing and
justice.
 INDEX

I. INTRODUCTIONN .............................................................................................. 4

II. OBJECTIVES 5

2.1. Objective general ....................................................................................... 5

2.2. Objectives Specifics .............................................................................. 5

III. THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK........................................................................................ 6

3.1. Concepts Basics About Overcrowding in Penitentiary Centerss . 6

3.2. Policies Prisons ........................................................................... 6

3.3. Background Historical of the Prisons of Bolivia (Palmasola) ..... 8

3.4. Analysis From the Current Context of the Penitentiary Systemo...................... 9

3.4.1. Bolivia and its penitentiary system ................................................................. 9
3.4.2. Establishments penitentiaries .................................................................. 10
3.4.3. The system of representation of the inmates.............................................. 12
3.4.4. The overcrowdingo .......................................................................................... 13

3.5. Tools Technologies for Surveillance, Control, Monitoring and

Virtual Audience Development...................................................................... 14
3.5.1. Registration of the penitentiary movement. ....................................................... 14
3.5.2. Insertion electronic shackles for prisoners with house arrest. ..... 15
3.5.3. Audiences in the prisons to expedite the processes.
3.5.4. Application of the pardono .16
3.5.5. Therapy occupational
3.5.6. The Overcrowding hinders the education of inmates.s .................................. 18

IV. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

4.1. Conclusions 20

4.2. Recommendations 21

V. BIBLIOGRAPHYA .............................................................................................. 22

VI. ANNEXES ..................................................................................................... 23

I
 I. INTRODUCTION

This project has been developed due to the depressing reality in which
the inmates of the Palmasola prison live, their living conditions inside the
penal.

This regime today houses between 5,500 and 5,800 inmates of the
only 400 have a final judgment.

It is a hidden world to the society of Santa Cruz, where they spend their days in this
penitentiary facility. This detention center is considered one of the most
sinister and dangerous in the country. There it has been confirmed an unusual
relationship between police officers and detainees with judges and prosecutors working in a

true corporation.

Interestingly, the former director of the Penitentiary Regime Service who was
advancing interesting proposals in the sector, was removed from the position by
pressures from those who benefit from the prisons remaining as they are, since
There is an excellent business with mafia shades inside the prisons.

To call oneself "Rehabilitadora" is nothing but false, a justified discourse.

they live with insufficient infrastructure, unbearable overcrowding, scarcity,
narrowness and increase of misery of the incarcerated, intense suffering
for the family, violation of opportunities to improve their conditions,
many times contagion of diseases and falling into worse networks of corruption,
addiction and illegality are perhaps the only things that do exist within prisons
Bolivians. There is a constant demand from the prison population that denounces the
confinement as the greatest punishment and the intended control as abuse and subjugation.
but nobody does anything.

4
II. OBJECTIVES

2.1. General objective

Analyze the current situation of overcrowding in the rehabilitation center

Palmasola of the City of Santa Cruz de la Sierra to provide better
living conditions for the incarcerated.

2.2. Specific Objectives

Determine the prison policies of Palmasola prison.

Analyze the current context in which the system is located

Palmasola penitentiary.

Analyze the government measures to reduce the

prison overpopulation of Palmasola.

5
 III. THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

3.1. Basic Concepts on Overcrowding in Prisons

To analyze the phenomenon of overcrowding or prison overpopulation, one must

clarify some concepts, for which the following will be taken as a reference
definitions proposed by the United Nations Institute for Prevention
of the Crime and the Treatment of the Offender (ILANUD).

Prison overcrowding is the situation in which the prison density is

greater than 100, because there are more people imprisoned than the established capacity

for a prison or for the entirety of the system. Prison density is the
numerical relationship between the capacity of a prison or penitentiary system
and the number of people accommodated in it, which results from the formula: number of

people accommodated / number of available spots x 100.

3.2. Penitentiary Policies

Living in prisons in developing countries like Bolivia is to suffer the

the same or worse conditions than those who are outside of confinement, that is to say

The prison expresses and reflects society.

The rehabilitative justification built around the penitentiary regime in

general, although it may be false in fact, is nothing more than that, a
justifying speech and a source of work for a growing and large number
of officials, with insufficient infrastructure, unbearable overcrowding,
scarcity, tightness, and increase of the misery of the confined individual.
intense suffering for the family, violation of opportunities of
improve their conditions, often causing the spread of diseases and decline in
the worst networks of corruption, addiction, and illegality are perhaps the only thing that yes

6
exists within Bolivian prisons. Hence the constant demand of
the prison population that decries confinement as the greatest punishment and the

Intended control as abuse and submission.

Those deprived of liberty are hindered in their rehabilitation by the factors

noted above and by others such as the poorly managed attendance.

The inmates arrive at these places for robbery, assault, rape,

theft, injuries to other people, for being drug dealers, drug users or consumers
of prohibited substances, almost all of them transgressions inherent to life
on the street. The irony of this imprisonment is that for the vast majority of
for them, prison represents a refuge and a home, since only there do they find
rest from the persecutions and aggressions they experience abroad.

There are also those who during the course of a long sentence,
they lost their family and all connection to the outside, liberation represents
a great distress, expressed in that many of them make constant visits to
your fellow inmates either remain in many instances simply
sitting waiting for their sentences to pass. This situation of
social uprooting sometimes ends in recidivism as the only
alternative to social self-affirmation.

The essence of punishment (above all the deprivation of liberty) must be a

rehabilitation of offenders and their reintegration into society as individuals
useful, likewise and if the penalty pursues a utilitarian end, to free from aggressors
to society, isolate them in penitentiary institutions only if
the conditions to rehabilitate them existed.

A penal and penitentiary policy must start from the following demands:

Differential approach regarding aggressors.

2. Employment in addition to the penalty of deprivation of liberty of all
means of influence over the aggressors.

7
 3. Prevent new assaults from both those who have
pains, like by the other individuals.
4. Develop citizen security tasks understanding the factors
social, economic, political, and cultural factors of the emergence of the
aggression.

3.3. Historical Background of Prisons in Bolivia (Palmasola)

The Palmasola Penitentiary Complex is a maximum-security prison.

which was built in the late 1970s to accommodate about 600
prisoners, although today it shelters about 4,800 in overcrowded conditions due to

delays of the justice system that is located on the outskirts of the city of
Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia, was created a long time ago with the aim of
to provide shelter to thousands of thieves, rapists, fraudsters, and corrupt people with the

hope that by having their own roof they would abandon their criminal life no
It goes without saying that it failed miserably.

The penalty. The Ombudsman's Office specified that 76% are detained in an irregular manner.

preventive and only 24% have a conviction.

This resting place is surrounded by two walls of exposed brick and a mesh.
electrified, it has 4 watchtowers, where we are lucky if there is a
police and he is not asleep.

Inside, we find the Palmasola Neighborhood, a place with all the comforts.
possible, such as water, electricity, sewerage, cable TV, etc. where they purge their
convictions? prisoners with minor offenses. this area also has
taverns, inns, and Internet cafés, only missing the public transportation
inside it to turn it into another Villa 1st of May.

Behind another non-electrified metal mesh are the 'Pavilions' of

"maximum security" which are two:

8
Chonchocorito Pavilion. (Named in dishonor of the La Paz Prison)
Here are the most dangerous inmates, locked up twenty to a cell.
for two people, but since the Penitentiary Regime is humanitarian, they leave the
open cells so they can stretch their legs.

Women's Pavilion. An exclusive place for the ladies of the criminal world of Santa Cruz, don't you

Trust me, if they hug you, it means they have already stolen your wallet, your cellphone, and
perhaps your dignity.

Besides, there is another section:

The Boat is a place of confinement, here the troublemakers are locked up, among the
penitentiary community in serious trouble that they lock you there, because it would mean
that you won't be able to play soccer or watch satellite television for the rest of the day.

3.4. Analysis of the Current Context of the Penitentiary System

3.4.1. Bolivia and its penitentiary system

As is the case in all countries, their prisons are a true reflection of their own
social, economic, cultural, and geographical conditions. It is therefore a
a good way to approach the reality of the prison world is to start with
to know the previous parameters.

The Bolivian state is organized through the departmental system and

provincial. The country appears divided into nine departments, each of
which has a capital and several provinces; the number of these is
112. The extreme orographic difference of the country crossed by the Andes of
northeast to southeast of the place where land communications between the
different departments are very deficient, so the departments
they show strong differences between them.

9
The Palmasola prison in Santa Cruz, with its 2,620 inmates, among
men and women, is the largest in the country; the second is that of San Pedro
in La Paz with 1,430 inmates. Only these two account for more than 50% of the
prison population. The rest of the establishments have a number
of internally significantly lower. For example, San Sebastián, in
Cochabamba, which is the third in prison population, only reaches 522.
interns.

3.4.2. Penitentiary establishments

Penitentiary establishments in Bolivia show very pronounced

differences between the centers of large cities and those of small ones
urban nuclei. The Palmasola prison with its nearly three thousand
interns make up about 40% of the total prison population
of the country. This circumstance turns it into a prison full of exceptionalities
that demands on its own solutions that are not applicable to the rest of the
establishments. In the open section of Palmasola, circumstances arise
irreplaceable, there we encounter an unpunished population made up of
the relatives of the inmates who share life with them in the
establishment as numerous as that of the residents themselves, which
demand for assistance services. In Palmasola it is more widespread than in the
the rest of the prisons improvements, called so by the legislator (Art. 86),
thanks to which the inmates themselves can - when they have the opportunity
resources - build your own dependencies in private and common areas
within the center, these are in favor of the establishment, without the right to
refund once they are abandoned by their inhabitants upon extinguishing the
sentence.

10
Palmasola is a prison whose governance is beyond control.
Management and only a strict regime of self-discipline managed by
the power groups within the internals are able to bring order to their
interior.

Only by fragmenting this complex penitentiary would it be possible to establish on

the same a control of legality and guarantee the safety of the people who
they live within themselves.

Palmasola is a balance between four powers: that of the inmates, that of the police,
the one of the judges and the one of the prison administration. None of them by themselves.
I would only be able to control the establishment. The inmates cover a large part.
from the services and with their financial contribution managed by them
They themselves bear the costs of the corrupt practices. Thus, for example, according to some

from the participants in our workshop, a newly admitted intern must

pay between 500 and 1000 dollars to guarantee your security and to enjoy the
The best of the pavilions has to pay 100 dollars. The Police represents
the power of discipline, its wide legitimization to exercise repression of
legitimized violence makes her deserving of the respect of others
powers. In the hands of the judiciary, through the Execution Judges
of Penalties, the decision on the duration of the stay in prison is found. A
they are responsible for deciding on the granting of benefits or not, in particular,
those of penalty reduction for work. The prison administration, for its
part, is formally the one that assumes all regulatory competencies,
guarantees the provision of services; however, it seems to us that it
finds itself in the weakest position, due to the strong self-management by the
own inmates of most services. Except for the 3.5 Bolivians
approximately, €0.40 per inmate per day that enter the prison,
usually with delay, to cover daily food expenses
Little more can be expected from the Administration.

11
 3.4.3. The representation system of the inmates

It is not common to find established in the penitentiary systems a

representation of the inmates that has earned both respect and

credibility of the interns and of the Administration itself. This reality demonstrates
that the efforts to democratize prisons, allowing for the
internals having their own organs of representation is a challenge that must
to assume it as a priority. In the case of Bolivia, it is advisable
that the authorities continue to trust the delegates of the inmates and
using them as their valid interlocutors.

The law allows the participation of these delegates even in the Councils.
Penitentiary officials of the establishment, which is the collegiate body that has

granted.

Elections are held annually through universal, direct, equal voting.

individual and secret (Art. 111 Law 2298). The exercise of the right to vote
Passive is limited, on the other hand, by a series of legal requirements that deal with
to prevent prison gangs from taking positions of
representation.

At the Palmasola penitentiary center in Santa Cruz, there are 11 areas each
one of which is entrusted to a delegate, thus are found the
legal area of occupational therapy, of work, education health
sport culture, discipline pavilion manager, foreigners and
infrastructure and in the

San Pedro prison, in La Paz, each inmate is assigned to a section.

And in each of these there is a Board of Directors that is composed of
by the legal representative, the secretary of culture, the secretary of health, the
section assistant, the shower, the sports secretary and of course
the section delegate, who is also part of the Council of Delegates,
What is the highest representation of prisoners both inside the prison and outside?

12
of him and that among them they appoint a President and a Secretary General, that
they are responsible for carrying out social and judicial demands and procedures
before the corresponding authorities.

3.4.4. Overcrowding

Throughout the various meetings held with the operators

prison officials and with the representatives of the inmates we have had the opportunity to

to hear a constant complaint about the overcrowding experienced in the centers

and the problems that arise directly from it.

If by overcrowding we understand the absence of separation criteria and

classification of the prison population, this is a widespread problem in the
Bolivian penitentiary network ("an agile mechanism has not been managed to be generated"

classification, that allows inmates to request the rights derived

of the permanence in the different periods of the progressive system form
inmediate" Pinto Quintanilla The prisons in Bolivia. 2004. 90). Despite the fact that the
Law 2298 revolves the entire regime of establishments around the activity
qualifying (Art. 157) and grants to the Penitentiary Council of the establishment
(Art. 61) these functions, in practice we have only been able to ascertain the
separation by sex. In contrast, other criteria that address
dangerousness, age, criminal type, legal situation, etc. are not taken into account
take into account.

13
 3.5. Technological Tools for Surveillance, Control, Monitoring and
Virtual Audience Development.

The Palmasola penitentiary is equipped with surveillance cameras and

four magnetic umbrellas to enhance security.

With the installation of surveillance cameras and blockers (umbrellas

magnetic devices to restrict cell phone calls.

The governor of Santa Cruz, Rubén Costas, and the Minister of Government, Carlos Romero,
after signing the agreement, they agreed in stating that the surveillance cameras and
The magnetic umbrellas will strengthen prison security.

3.5.1. Record of penitentiary movement.

Minister Romero indicated that there is an urgent need to install the cameras
surveillance inside the penitentiary center. 'The goal is to record and archive'
all the movements that take place in Palmasola,” he said.

Having the recordings will allow us to process and adopt measures

corrective actions if necessary, in order to have greater control over the
prison,” Romero stressed before thanking the Governor for the immediacy in
the delivery.

Governor Costas states that it is a good time to make decisions. Today

that decision exists and we are indeed willing to work on the prison issue and
we celebrate the commitment of the Public Ministry, that by the end of the year it may be possible

to solve the delay of justice.

We have ideological differences, we are a democratic opposition, but also

we are public servants who have the responsibility and the need to
responding to critical situations that the people have.

14
The Secretary of Government of the Government, Vladimir Peña, announced that the cost
for the investment in the security cameras delivered to the penitentiary system
exceed Bs 500,000. The Minister of Government announced that the cameras will be
installed by the end of the year and at the same time the umbrellas will be placed

magnetic devices to block cell phone calls both incoming and outgoing
who are released from the Palmasola prison.

3.5.2. Insertion of electronic handlebars for prisoners under arrest

domiciliary.

The Director of Penitentiary Regime, Ramiro Llanos, confirmed yesterday that

it will implement the use of electronic ankle bracelets to monitor prisoners who enjoy
of house arrest and must report periodically to the Justice or
appear in the hearings.

The main authority in charge of the country's prisons said that task will be
supported, 'efficiently', by the Túpac Katari satellite, once it is
put into orbit and come into operation, an event that is expected to occur in
March 2014.

3.5.3. Hearings in prisons to expedite processes.

The president of the Judiciary Council, Cristina Mamani, reported yesterday that
efforts will be made for prosecutors to attend prisons in order to carry out
hearings and thus avoid the delay of justice.

In statements to reporters in Santa Cruz, Mamani assured that he

they will meet with the authorities of the Public Ministry to determine that in addition
from the prosecutors, judges and operators also go to the penitentiary centers
justice to expedite the processes.

15
Meanwhile, the Public Prosecutor's Office of Oruro announced the hiring of five prosecutors.
more will work to help reduce the delay of justice in that region.
In the city of La Paz, it was also reported that the Prosecutor's Office will incorporate several

lawyers, but the number has not yet been determined because they will also be
assigned to El Alto.

3.5.4. Application of the pardon

A decree will complement the application of the pardon. In the case of those who have
final sentences with convictions of less than eight years in prison,
This measure could benefit around 1,500 inmates, announced the Director of the Regime.
Penitentiary, Ramiro Llanos.

The authority began the information process yesterday to draft that regulation in the
women's pavilion of the Palmasola prison, where there are about 550 inmates, and in
the open regime sector, where the vast majority of male inmates are
from Palmasola. Some attendees believe that the measure will not benefit
to many because 84% of the incarcerated individuals in the country do not have
final judgment.

Llanos explained to the inmates that the measure of the pardon would be accompanied by 'a
"legal pardon" for those in pretrial detention and with the commitment of the system.
judicial to accelerate the pending criminal processes, so that in the prisons
those who have a conviction.

Santa Cruz 'Palmasola'

The Palmasola prison cannot yet be called a 'rehabilitation center';

testimonies from the inmates corroborate it. Several criminals in Santa Cruz today.
they are repeat offenders and this is explained, in part, because there is no real reintegration

social in prison.

16
The director of the Special Force Against Drug Trafficking (FELCN),
Colonel Jhonny Requena confirmed that 45 individuals were apprehended by the Police in a single operation.

would be part of the army of 104 prisoners who were in November 2013
released with substitute measures granted by judges from the eastern capital.

The police authority lamented the ease with which inmates obtain their freedom.
conditional and the benevolence of the administrators of justice. He attributed the wave
of violence recorded in Santa Cruz to the former inmates who are free.

The inmates of the Palmasola prison, which has a population of 5,400.

people confirmed to this newspaper the non-existence of rehabilitation policies
that allow those who achieve their freedom to effectively reintegrate into the
society.

Julián, who is serving a ten-year sentence for sexual abuse,

he stated that there is no activity in the open pavilion of Palmasola
part of the State to achieve the rehabilitation of inmates.

The prisoners stated that they do not receive any occupational therapy from.
from the government authorities.

3.5.5. Occupational therapy

Bakery: The lack of economic resources and the little support from
Penitentiary regulations do not allow the bakery built by a
group of inmates from the Palmasola prison.

The inmates reported that this infrastructure was built in the 2013 management, as
occupational therapy area. "It was hard work by the colleagues who are looking for
create your own rehabilitation, but there are not enough resources to buy the machinery that
"it is required for its operation," said one of the inmates.

17
The warehouse is ready for the installation of the necessary machines. 'We are at the
waiting for the cooperation of some institution to make the purchase effective of
the tools required for the bakery," the inmates indicated.

Carpentry: "There are some inmates who are dedicated to carpentry, carving in
wood, paint and handicrafts, but they do it individually," said one of
the inmates.

The group of inmates dedicated to carpentry work lamented the restriction.

of gasoline and thinner input, essential elements for the preparation of varnish.

Work. "In this phase, the convict would be prepared so that when they are released, they can..."

integrate into society through access to a source of work, the support of the
family and friends, thus avoiding going back to the streets,” he stated.

Another suggestion is the creation of penitentiary citadels, which consists of

in the construction of large spaces within the prisons of Santa Cruz, La
Peace and Cochabamba, for the installation of educational and productive workshops,
artistic and sports. "We must give the incarcerated person better access to the
recovery," he stated.

3.5.6. Overcrowding hinders the development of inmates

The national director of the Penitentiary Regime, Javier Aramayo, without referring to the
failures in rehabilitation in prisons, announced that work is being done
in policies related to occupational therapies for inmates through
academic training and social assistance.

It advanced agreements with the public universities of the country, so that they
through their different careers provide academic services to those deprived of
freedom and also assist the penitentiary system.

18
The same professors from UAGRM (Gabriel René Moreno Autonomous University)
Moreno) will be responsible for conducting classes to validate the studies," he indicated.
director.

Carlos, imprisoned for aggravated robbery, stated that there are many needs in
Palmasola. "The Catholic Church has set up a carpentry and a tailor shop to
support the prison population, from there on there is no other support.

The overcrowding and conflicts in the country's prisons do not allow for
implementation of rehabilitation policies for the reintegration of inmates
freedom to society, emphasizes the former national director of the Penitentiary System,
Wilson Soria.

As long as the overcrowding problem is not addressed, we will always face

this great deficiency in the area of rehabilitation and this is manifested when the
I believe that he who gains his freedom and goes out onto the streets does the same thing he used to do before.

"to be detained," indicated the former authority.

19
IV. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

4.1. Conclusions

According to all the research conducted, through the information from quotes

textual visits to the small prison at the Palmasola Penitentiary Center

we can conclude that:

The penitentiary center does not meet the necessary conditions to

to house a population of more than 5000 people, including men,
women and children.
The inmates do not have the appropriate support from the National Director
of the Penitentiary Regime, nor of the government in order to be able to exercise

capability occupational therapy, since they themselves take care of

obtain the material and financial resources to be able to work
inside the Palmasola prison.
According to this reality, it is demonstrated that the efforts for
Democratizing prisons is null on the part of the authorities.
government, this allows inmates to have their own organs
representation is a challenge that must be embraced with character
priority.
In the Palmasola Penitentiary Center, in Santa Cruz, there are 11
areas each of which is entrusted to a
delegate, this is how the legal area is found, of therapy
occupational, of work, education, health, sports, culture
discipline, in charge of pavilions, foreigners and infrastructure and
in prison.

20
4.2. Recommendations

Through everything read and concluded in the present work of

investigation regarding the conditions they live in and the
overpopulation of inmates, we can recommend the following:
That the relevant authorities of the penitentiary center take
the total control of the entire population of inmates.
Reduce the inactivity of the inmates by increasing the
exercise, sports, and cultural activities opportunities. The
active interns are less likely to feel stress and
hostility.
Classify and house inmates according to their risk level. The
lower risk groups require less security and can be
treaties with a lower security basis.
Organize and train the interns on preventive care of the
health, including basic sanitation, food preparation, and hygiene
staff through the supervision of specialized agents.
Reduce the number of inmates without conviction by establishing a
process for lawyers, prosecutors, and judges to review the situation
legal of the different detainees so that they help the prisoners
to prepare for the bail hearings, thus reducing the
time period they must wait for their cases to be seen
and at the same time reduce overpopulation.
In the case of convicted prisoners, use alternative punishments.
based on the community instead of incarceration for the
criminals who are not dangerous. Unless there are obstacles.
legally, allow trustworthy inmates to go out during the day
or on weekends to work, visit their family, or perform
community service activities.

21
V. BIBLIOGRAPHY

The Reason (Print Edition) / Iván Condori / Santa Cruz 02:22 / 10 of

February 2014.

[Link] Hinojosa; Published the March 1, 2017 a the 5h26:

The provided text is a URL and does not contain translatable content.

Palmasola prison exceeds 700 percent.

[Link]

[Link]

4. 21 july 2017, a the 03:10

Unable to translate the content of the provided URL as it is not accessible to me.

5. Ivan April 9, 2013 02:38 AM Invalid input

[Link]/national/national_security/Palmasola-monitored-cameras

magnetic-umbrella_0_1900609979.html

6. Ivan Condor 09/02/2014 11:45 PM [Link]

[Link]/national/national_security/Palmasola_Penal_achieves_center-

rehabilitation_0_1996000400.html.

[Link]

22
VI. ANNEXES

MAIN ENTRANCE OF THE SANTA CRUZ PALMASOLA REHABILITATION CENTER

Prisoners sleep outdoors in Palmasola.

23
 CHILDREN IN PALMASOLA

Occupational Therapy for Incarcerated Individuals

24
OVERCROWDING OF THE CELLS

25