Collection of SANS standards in electronic format (PDF)

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ISBN 978-0-626-20567-6
NRS 013:2007
Edition 3

MEDIUM-VOLTAGE CABLES

This document does not have the status of a South African National Standard.

N R S
 This standard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS.

This rationalized user specification is issued by

the Technology Standardization Department (TSD), Eskom,
on behalf of the
User Group given in the foreword.

Table of changes
Change No. Date Text affected

Correspondence to be directed to Printed copies obtainable from

The NRS Projects Manager Standards South Africa

The Technology Standardization Department (TSD) Private Bag X191
Eskom Pretoria 0001
Private Bag X13
Halfway House, 1685 Telephone : (012) 428-7911
Fax : (012) 344-1568
E-mail : [email protected]
Website: http://www.nrs.eskom.co.za Website : http://www.stansa.co.za

COPYRIGHT RESERVED

Printed in the Republic of South Africa

by Standards South Africa
1 Dr Lategan Road, Groenkloof, Pretoria
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NRS 013:2007

Foreword
This specification was prepared on behalf of the Electricity Suppliers Liaison Committee (ESLC)
and approved by it for use by supply authorities.

This specification was prepared by a working group which, at the time of publication, comprised the
following members:

M Ryan (Chairman) City Power (AMEU)

M Basson Nelson Mandela Metropolitan Municipality
C Govind eThekwini Electricity
R Kelly Eskom IARC
V Medinski Cape Town (RED 1)
V Sewchand (Project Leader) Technology Standardization, Eskom
C Tocknell Tshwane Municipality

The Manufacturers' Interest Group (MIG) comprised the following members:

M Engelbrecht African Cables

R Hardie Aberdare Cables
P Hoffman Insulation Enhancement Systems
A Joubert 3M
K Richardson Jointmaster
K Shackleton REPL Africa
A van Oosten Tank Industries
B Wagner Iso-tech systems
G Whyte Raytech Energy

This edition supersedes NRS 013:2000 (second edition).

Annexes A, B and C are for information only.

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NRS 013:2007

Introduction

This specification has been prepared to establish and promote uniform requirements for medium-
voltage cables to enable purchasers to acquire the specified equipment without the need for
detailed and extensive contract documents.

The ESLC expresses the wish that, in the national interest and to optimize the benefits of
standardization, all supply authorities will adopt the requirements of this specification in so far as
their particular conditions will permit. Any differences between the requirements of this specification
and the corresponding supply authority’s requirements should, as far as possible, be clearly
indicated in schedules A and B which may be compiled using the draft schedules set out in annex
B, and which should, where appropriate, be submitted for consideration in future revisions of this
specification.

Keywords
cables, medium voltage, electricity supply, specifications, paper-insulated, cross-linked
polyethylene insulated, PILC, XLPE, electric cables.
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1 NRS 013:2007

Contents
Page

1 Scope ........................................................................................................................................ 3

2 Normative references ................................................................................................................ 3

3 Terms, definitions and abbreviations ........................................................................................ 4

4 Requirements ............................................................................................................................. 4

4.1 General ........................................................................................................................... 4

4.2 Paper cables ................................................................................................................... 5
4.3 XLPE cables ................................................................................................................... 6
5 Tests .......................................................................................................................................... 7

6 Marking, labelling and packaging................................................................................................ 7

6.1 Marking ............................................................................................................................. 7

6.2 Packaging ......................................................................................................................... 8

7 Documentation............................................................................................................................. 8

Annex A (informative) Preferred cables........................................................................................ 10

Annex B (informative) Guide to purchasers on preparing an enquiry ......................................... 12

Annex C (informative) Model form for schedules A and B ............................................................ 14

Bibliography.................................................................................................................................... 15
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NRS 013:2007 2

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3 NRS 013:2007

Medium-voltage cables

1 Scope

1.1 Impregnated paper-insulated lead-sheathed cable

This specification details the preferred requirements for single-core and three-core mass-
impregnated non-draining (MIND) paper-insulated, lead-sheathed electric cables with stranded
annealed copper or aluminium conductors, based on the requirements of SANS 97.

1.2 Cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE)-insulated cable

This specification details the preferred requirements for single-core and three-core, cross-linked
polyethylene (XLPE)-insulated, electric cables with stranded annealed copper or aluminium
conductors, based on the requirements of SANS 1339.

1.3 Preferred cables

In the interest of rationalization as well as for technical and economic benefits, the working and
interest groups have recommended preferred constructions, conductor sizes and materials for
paper and XLPE cables given in annex A.

NOTE 1 Information on preferred cables is given in annex A.

NOTE 2 A guide to purchasers on preparing an enquiry is given in annex B.

NOTE 3 A model form for schedules A and B is given in annex C.

2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For
dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the
referenced document (including any amendments) applies. Information on currently valid national
and international standards can be obtained from Standards South Africa.

SANS 97:2001, Electric cables – Impregnated paper-insulated metal-sheathed cables for rated
voltages 3,3/3,3 kV to 19/33 kV (excluding pressure assisted cables).

SANS 1339:2006, Electric cables – Cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE) insulated cables for rated
voltages 3,8/6,6 kV to 19/33 kV.

SANS 1411-2:2006, Materials of insulated electric cables and flexible cords – Part 2: Polyvinyl
chloride (PVC).

SANS 1411-7:2003, Materials of insulated electric cables and flexible cords – Part 7: Polyethylene
(PE).
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NRS 013:2007 4

3 Terms, definitions and abbreviations

For the purposes of this specification, the terms and definitions in SANS 97 and SANS 1339 and
the following terms, definitions and abbreviations apply.

3.1 Terms and definitions

lagging
wooden battens fixed to the edges of the cable drum flanges to protect the cable wound on the
drum

paper cable
single-core or three-core, mass-impregnated non-draining (MIND) paper-insulated, lead-sheathed
electric cable

XLPE cable
single-core or three-core, cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE)-insulated electric cable

3.2 Abbreviations

IDMT: inverse definite minimum time

PE: polyethylene

PVC: polyvinyl chloride

U: nominal voltage

U0 : phase voltage

4 Requirements
4.1 General

4.1.1 Paper cables shall comply with the requirements for general purpose cables in accordance
with SANS 97 and with the requirements of this specification, and shall bear a certification mark.

4.1.2 XLPE cables shall comply with the requirements of SANS 1339 and with the requirements of
this specification, and shall bear a certification mark.

4.1.3 The following information will be provided in schedule A (see annex C):

a) the type of insulation (paper or XLPE);

b) the number of cores (one or three);

c) the cable operating voltage (see 4.1.4);

d) the conductor material (copper or aluminium);

e) the conductor size (in mm2);

f) the symmetrical fault level (in kA for 1 s); and

g) the earth fault level (in kA for 1 s).

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5 NRS 013:2007

4.1.4 The following cable operating voltages are recommended:

a) 6,35/11 kV; or

NOTE 6,35/11 kV cables should be used on 3,8/6,6 kV systems.

b) 12,7/22 kV; or

c) 19/33 kV.

4.1.5 The following information shall be provided in schedule B (see annex C):

a) the name of the manufacturer;

b) the country of origin;

c) the minimum bending radius during pulling;

d) the minimum bending radius at termination;

e) the maximum pulling tension;

f) the drum diameter over lagging;

g) the overall width of the drum;

h) the diameter of the spindle hole;

i) the gross mass of the cable and the drum; and

j) the mass of the cable (in kg/m).

4.1.6 Full details of any deviations from this specification shall be provided with the tender
documentation.

4.2 Paper cables

4.2.1 Construction

Paper cables shall be of screened or belted construction, as specified in schedule A (see annex C).

4.2.2 Metal sheath

The metal sheath shall be lead alloy E in accordance with SANS 97.

4.2.3 Bedding under armouring

The bedding under the armouring shall comprise an extruded layer of PVC, type B that complies
with the requirements of SANS 1411-2.

NOTE An alternative design (“wet” design) comprising bituminized hessian bedding under steel armouring
tapes and bituminized rayon tape above the steel armouring tapes may offer increased longitudinal water-
blocking capability and provide resistance to mechanical damage of the lead sheath by the steel tape
armouring. The bitumen component provides the water-blocking capability and the combination of the hessian
and rayon tape provides a cushioning function between the steel armour tapes and the lead sheath.
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NRS 013:2007 6

4.2.4 Armour

4.2.4.1 Single-core cables shall be unarmoured. Where additional mechanical protection is

required, or where the prospective fault level of the system exceeds the earth fault rating of an un-
armoured cable, wire armouring in accordance with SANS 97 will be specified in schedule A (see
annex C).

NOTE 1 The use of steel or other ferrous materials as armour on a single-core cable is not practical as eddy
currents are induced in the armouring resulting in thermal losses and derating of the cable.

NOTE 2 At the time of publication of this edition of NRS 013, SANS 97 specified that single-core paper-
insulated cable armouring shall be aluminium wire armouring (AWA). The use of copper wire armouring (CWA)
is currently under investigation by StanSA TC 66 due to its superior corrosion performance, earth fault current-
carrying capability and mechanical strength.

4.2.4.2 Three-core cables shall be armoured with galvanized double steel tape armour (DSTA) in
accordance with SANS 97.

4.2.5 Outer sheath

The outer sheath shall be black PVC, type S2 in accordance with SANS 1411-2 or PE, type PS2 in
accordance with SANS 1411-7.

4.3 XLPE cables

4.3.1 Construction

4.3.1.1 XLPE-insulated cables shall be of type A (armoured) construction in accordance with

SANS 1339.

4.3.1.2 Where no additional mechanical protection is required or where an earth fault level that
does not exceed 1 kA for 1 s exists, a type B (see SANS 1339) cable may be specified in
schedule A (see annex C).

4.3.2 Core screen

The core screen shall be strippable.

4.3.3 Bedding under armouring

The bedding under the armouring shall comprise an extruded layer of PVC, type B1 in accordance
with SANS 1411-2.

4.3.4 Armour

4.3.4.1 Single-core cables shall have wire armouring that complies with the requirements of
SANS 1339 and of a type as specified in schedule A.

NOTE 1 The use of steel or other ferrous materials as armour on a single-core cable is not practical as eddy
currents are induced in the armouring resulting in thermal losses and derating of the cable.

NOTE 2 At the time of publication of this edition of NRS 013, SANS 1339 specified that single-core XLPE-
insulated cable armouring (if required) shall be aluminium wire armouring (AWA). The use of copper wire
armouring (CWA) is currently under investigation by StanSA TC 66 due to its superior corrosion performance,
earth fault current-carrying capability and mechanical strength.

4.3.4.2 Three-core cables shall have steel wire armouring (SWA) that complies with the
requirements of SANS 1339.
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7 NRS 013:2007

4.3.5 Outer sheath

4.3.5.1 The outer sheath shall comprise an extruded layer of black flame-retardant PVC, type S5 in
accordance with SANS 1411-2 or PE, type PS2 in accordance with SANS 1411-7, as specified in
schedule A (see annex C).

4.3.5.2 In the case of cables that have a PE sheath and that are not intended to be buried direct in
the ground (for example cables installed in a cable tunnel), the use of a flame-retardant coating (for
example aluminium oxide paint) shall be applied to the PE sheath.

5 Tests
5.1 Cables shall be tested in accordance with the requirements of SANS 97 or SANS 1339.

5.2 If so specified in schedule A (see annex C), a routine test certificate shall be provided for
each drum of cable supplied.

6 Marking, labelling and packaging

6.1 Marking

6.1.1 Marking of cables

6.1.1.1 Cables shall be legibly marked in accordance with the requirements of SANS 97 or
SANS 1339, as applicable. The cable marking shall also include the following:

a) the conductor size, in square millimetres;

b) the number of cores;

c) the conductor material;

d) the specification number SANS 97 or SANS 1339 in accordance with which the cable has been
manufactured; and

e) if so specified in schedule A (see annex C), a unique identifying sequence of alphanumeric

characters.

NOTE The purpose of such marking is to establish ownership of the cable and to deter theft.

6.1.1.2 A typical legend would be:

XXXXXXXX CABLES Year 6,35/11 kV 95 mm2 X3 Cu SANS 97.

6.1.1.3 The cable shall be sequentially marked at one metre intervals with the legend 000 m,
001 m, etc., starting with 000 m at the barrel of the drum and finishing with the number indicating
the length of cable on the drum at the outer end of the cable.

6.1.1.4 The error in the length marking shall be less than 1 % of the stated drum length.

6.1.2 Marking of drums

6.1.2.1 The marking of drums shall be in accordance with SANS 97 or SANS 1339, as applicable.

6.1.2.2 The following information, in addition to that required in SANS 97 and SANS 1339, shall be
provided:
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NRS 013:2007 8

a) the specification number SANS 97 or SANS 1339;

b) whether the cable is armoured or unarmoured;

c) the order number and contract number; and

d) the outer sheath material.

6.2 Packaging

6.2.1 Cables shall be supplied on wooden drums.

NOTE The option of supplying cables on returnable (refundable) corrosion-resistant steel drums should be
considered especially when long storage times (for example longer than one year) are applicable. In addition,
users should consider the feasibility of implementing a concurrent cable-cutting operation in order to maximize
economic benefit.

6.2.2 If a treated drum is required, it will be stated in schedule A (see annex C).

NOTE Users should be aware of the additional requirements (costs) involved in the disposal of treated drums
when compared to steel drums.

6.2.3 Unless otherwise specified in schedule A (see annex C), standard drum length shall be

a) 300 m for three-core cables, and

b) 500 m for single-core cables.

NOTE In the case of a cable-cutting operation, it might be more economically beneficial for the user if the
manufacturer supplies cables of length up to 5 000 m, depending on the user’s equipment capability.

7 Documentation
If so specified in schedule A (see annex C), the following information shall be provided for all cables
manufactured in accordance with either SANS 97 or SANS 1339:

a) a copy of the permit or certificate;

b) the voltage ratings;

c) the conductor material (i.e. copper or aluminium);

d) the conductor cross-sectional area;

e) the paper cable dimensional data; i.e.

1) the diameter over the lead sheath,

2) the cross-sectional area of the lead sheath,

3) the diameter over the bedding, and

4) the diameter of the outer sheath;

f) XLPE cable dimensional data; i.e.

1) the outside diameter over the conductor,

2) the XLPE thickness,

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9 NRS 013:2007

3) the individual armour wire diameter,

4) the total cross-sectional area of the armouring,

5) the diameter over the bedding, and

6) the diameter of the outer sheath;

g) the cable mass, in kilograms per metre;

h) the gross mass per standard drum length (including the drum), in kilograms;

i) 50 Hz a.c. resistance at maximum sustained conductor operating temperature, in ohms per

kilometre;

j) the inductive reactance per phase, in ohms per kilometre;

k) the capacitance per phase, in microfarads per kilometre;

l) the maximum sustained current rating in ground, in a duct and in air, in amperes: the standard
installation conditions assumed shall be stated;

m) the symmetrical short-circuit current rating, in kilo-amperes for one second;

n) the earth fault current rating, in kilo-amperes for one second;

o) the zero sequence impedance at maximum sustained conductor operating temperature, in

ohms per kilometre; and

p) the cable thermal time constant, in seconds.

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NRS 013:2007 10

Annex A
(informative)

Preferred cables
A.1 Preferred paper cables
The following options are preferred:

a) screened construction;

b) copper conductors;

c) conductor sizes of 95 mm2 and 185 mm2 in the case of three-core cables;

d) conductor sizes of 300 mm2 and 630 mm2 in the case of single-core cables;

e) unarmoured single-core cables; and

f) double steel tape armoured three-core cables.

A.2 Preferred XLPE cables

The following options are preferred:

a) copper conductors;

b) conductor sizes of 95 mm2 and 185 mm2 in the case of three-core cables;

c) conductor sizes of 300 mm2 and 630 mm2 in the case of single-core cables; and

d) armoured single-core cables.

A.3 Copper versus aluminium conductors

The London Metals Exchange price of copper and aluminium dictates the type of conductor that is
most cost-effective at any particular time. Apart from the fact that when a comparison is made on an
equivalent rand/ampere basis, the cost differential tends to equalize itself when averaged over time.
Many users have standardized on copper conductors for the following reasons:

a) to minimize the stockholding requirements to cater for both types of cable (i.e. lugs, ferrules,
cable, etc);

b) the core and outer diameters of a copper conductor cable are smaller for equivalent amperage
than those of an aluminium conductor cable facilitating easier working when jointing and
terminating;

c) conductor jointing using compression methods is simple for copper conductors whereas there
are numerous differing opinions regarding the crimping requirements for aluminium cables; and

d) to avoid the bimetallic corrosion problems associated with termination and jointing of aluminium
cables to brass or copper terminals on equipment.
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11 NRS 013:2007

Annex A
(concluded)

A.4 Screened versus belted construction

The use of screened cable designs over belted cable designs are preferred for the following
reasons:

a) the screened design is superior in terms of electric field stress distribution (the electric field is
substantially radial) and at voltages above 11 kV the design is used almost exclusively;

b) the use of a belted cable rated with U0 equal to U (for example 11/11kV) may be required on
systems designed to operate continuously with one phase earthed – resulting in the phase to
earth voltage rising on the healthy phases to the full phase-to-phase system voltage. However,
in South African utilities, use is made of IDMT protection functions that operate in the event of an
earth fault (considered to be an abnormal event), and thus the use of a belted design having U0
equal to U is unnecessary;

c) certain cable-connected equipment used in South Africa (for example compact gas-insulated
switchgear) is more often imported from Europe and is designed to be connected to screened
cable systems (i.e. having screened cables and cable terminations);

d) the use of screened cables results in comparatively safer cable terminations due to the control
of the electric field within the cable termination enclosure. The probability of flashover (resulting
in a potentially dangerous internal arc fault) is significantly reduced using a screened system;

e) in the event of a fault in a cable that has a screened construction, the probability of the fault
being phase to earth (as opposed to a symmetrical or phase-to-phase fault) is significantly
increased. If a non-effectively earthed system is used, the damage due to the fault stresses are
reduced as the phase to earth fault level is limited.
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NRS 013:2007 12

Annex B
(informative)

Guide to purchasers on preparing an enquiry

B.1 General
A model form is given in annex C to provide the purchaser with a convenient aid to purchasing. The
use of this form is intended to obviate the need for preparing a detailed technical specification.

The purchaser need only specify compliance with this specification, provide the tenderers with
details of his particular requirements, and set out the information he requires the tenderer to
provide, as indicated below.

B.2 Schedules
B.2.1 General

The model form in annex C provides the purchaser with examples of a schedule A and a
schedule B. In his enquiry, the purchaser should provide his own schedule A and schedule B,
based on these examples.

B.2.2 Schedule A
Schedule A lists the requirements to be specified by the purchaser in enquiries and orders. These
requirements include references to the relevant subclauses in this specification, to assist in
compiling the schedules.

Where the text of any referenced standard stipulates that the purchaser shall indicate his
requirements, these requirements should also be specified in schedule A.

The purchaser should set out his particular requirements and choices in his own schedule A.

B.2.3 Schedule B
The purchaser should draw up his own schedule B (based on the schedule B in the model form in
annex C), and request the tenderer to fill in this schedule. By doing this, the tenderer will be stating
compliance with this specification and will be providing the information the purchaser has
requested.

NOTE 1 Where this specification allows the purchaser to make a choice, the example of schedule A (in the
model form in annex C) lists the preferred items/values/quantities. In the interests of standardization,
purchasers are encouraged not to deviate from these preferences.

NOTE 2 When preparing his own schedule A and schedule B from the examples in the model form in annex C,
the purchaser need include only the items he considers to be relevant or necessary.

NOTE 3 These schedules, when completed, become normative annexes to the enquiry specification.

B.3 Commercial conditions

A purchaser will furthermore need to indicate the commercial conditions applicable and draw up a
price schedule. Requirements for delivery, storage, packaging and marking should be included in
this part of the enquiry.
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13 NRS 013:2007

Annex B
(concluded)

B.4 Quality assurance

This specification does not cover the purchaser's possible requirements in respect of quality
assurance, quality control, inspections, etc., since each purchaser needs to consider the criticality
of the application of each component and his own policy towards these matters. Purchasers are
referred to SANS 9001 for guidance.

B.5 Testing
Attention should be paid to the subject of tests and the related costs. Tests should be carried out by
an accredited laboratory and tenderers should be requested to provide assurances in this regard.
Price schedules should be so drawn up and covering letters so worded that the costs of all
services, such as tests, delivery and spares, are declared and allowed for in the tender.

Before type tests, routine tests and sample tests are carried out, the number of samples used and
the frequency of sampling should be agreed upon with the supplier.

B.6 Revision of standards used as normative references

This specification, as has been indicated, is based on a set of defined standards, which might have
been revised or amended. Most purchasers would, in principle, wish to employ the latest
standards. The recommended approach is to secure an undertaking from a supplier to review the
latest versions and amendments and to incorporate these where possible and agreeable to both
parties. A blanket commitment to work to the "latest" versions of standards creates legal difficulties
of interpretation and risks for both parties, and should be properly assessed. This invariably cannot
be done in the time available.
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NRS 013:2007 14

Annex C
(informative)

Model form for schedules A and B

This model form is provided as a convenient aid to purchasing. Guidance on preparing an enquiry
using this form is given in annex B.

Schedule A: Purchaser's specific requirements and

Schedule B: Guarantees and particulars of equipment to be supplied (to be completed by
tenderer).

Item Subclause Description Schedule A Schedule B

C.1 4.1.3 (a) Type of insulation (paper or XLPE) __________ xxxxxxxxxx
4.1.3 (b) Number of cores (one or three) __________ xxxxxxxxxx
4.1.3 (c) Cable operating voltage kV __________ xxxxxxxxxx
4.1.3 (d) Conductor material (copper or aluminium) __________ xxxxxxxxxx
4.1.3 (e) Conductor size mm2 __________ xxxxxxxxxx
4.1.3 (f) Symmetrical fault level (1 s) kA __________ xxxxxxxxxx
4.1.3 (g) Earth fault level (1 s) kA __________ xxxxxxxxxx
4.1.5 (a) Manufacturer’s name xxxxxxxxxx __________
4.1.5 (b) Country of origin xxxxxxxxxx __________
4.1.5 (c) Minimum bending radius during pulling mm xxxxxxxxxx __________
4.1.5 (d) Minimum bending radius at termination mm xxxxxxxxxx __________
4.1.5 (e) Maximum pulling tension N xxxxxxxxxx __________
4.1.5 (f) Drum diameter over lagging mm xxxxxxxxxx __________
4.1.5 (g) Overall width of drum mm xxxxxxxxxx __________
4.1.5 (h) Diameter of spindle hole mm xxxxxxxxxx __________
4.1.5 (i) Gross mass of cable and drum kg xxxxxxxxxx __________
4.1.5 (j) Mass of cable only kg/m xxxxxxxxxx __________
4.1.6 Details of any deviations from specification xxxxxxxxxx
4.2.1 Are screened or belted cables required? __________ xxxxxxxxxx
4.2.4.1 Wire armouring required? xxxxxxxxxx
4.3.1.2 Type B cable required __________ xxxxxxxxxx
4.3.4.1 Type of wire armouring required? __________ xxxxxxxxxx
4.3.5 Type of outer sheath required? __________ xxxxxxxxxx
C.2 5.2 Are routine test certificates required? Yes/No __________ xxxxxxxxxx
C.3 6.1.1.1 (e) Details of any unique sequence of alphanumeric
xxxxxxxxxx
characters required __________
6.2.2 Is a treated drum required? Yes/No __________ xxxxxxxxxx
6.2.3 Length of cable on drum if not 300 m for
m xxxxxxxxxx
three-core or 500 m for single-core __________
C.4 7 Is documentation required? Yes/No __________ xxxxxxxxx
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15 NRS 013:2007

Bibliography

Standards
SANS 9001/ISO 9001, Quality management systems – Requirements.

Other publications
Eskom. DISAGABL8, Distribution standard – Part 22: Cables – Planning guideline for medium-
voltage underground cable systems.

© Standards South Africa