DELHI PUBLIC SCHOOL
NACHARAM
SUBJECT : Science Lesson 4 Bones and Muscles CLASS: V 2025-26
I. New Terms
1 Skeleton 6 Tendons
2 Cartilage 7 Voluntary muscles
3 Joint 8 Cardiac muscles
4 Ligaments 9 Posture
5 Immovable joints 10 Sternum
II. Answer the following:
1. Define skeleton. List its functions.
Ans. Skeleton is the framework of bones that forms the body.
Functions:
● It protects delicate internal organs.
● Gives shape to the body.
● Helps in movement.
2. Are bones living or non-living? Justify.
Ans: The bones of a body are living as they have blood vessels and nerves. It is the reason we feel pain
when we hit an arm against a wall or door. They need calcium, phosphorus and vitamins for nourishment.
3. Distinguish between immovable and movable joints.
Immovable joints Movable joints
Joints that do not allow movement of bones. Joints that allow movement of bones
Cartilage is absent. Cartilage is present.
Present in the skull. Present in hands and legs.
4. How are voluntary muscles different from involuntary muscles?
Voluntary muscles Involuntary muscles
Muscles that are not under our control
Muscles that are under our control
Have stripes on them. Also called striped muscles Do not have stripes on them. Also called smooth
muscles
Get tired easily Do not get tired easily.
Found in the muscles of legs, hands Found in the stomach, intestine
5. Explain with an example how muscles help to move bones
Ans :
● Muscles work in pairs by contracting and relaxing.
● Two muscles are required to move a bone at a joint.
● For example,
❖ Biceps and triceps are the two muscles that move our lower arm in an up and down direction.
❖ When we bend our hand at the elbow, the triceps relax and get longer.
❖ At the same time, the biceps contract and gets shorter.
❖ This makes lower arm(bone)to raise.
❖ When we want to lower the arm the reverse happens, i.e., the biceps relax and triceps
contract.
6. Name the four kinds of movable joints. Give one example of each.
Joint Movement Location
Hinge Allows movement only in one Knees, elbows, fingers
direction and toes.
Ball and Allows maximum movement in all Shoulder and hip.
socket directions.
Pivot Allows the head to move sideways, up Neck-skull and first two
and down. vertebrae.
Gliding It allows only a slight movement of Ankle, wrist and backbone
bones by sliding over each other.
7. How are ligaments different from tendons?
Ans.
Ligament Tendon
Fibrous and elastic tissues present Fibres that join bones and muscles.
between
two bones at a joint.
III HOTS
1. What would happen if your backbone was made up of a single, long bone?
Ans. We would not be able to move, bend or turn and twist our back.
2. Why is the heart made of involuntary muscles?
Ans. The muscles in our heart are cardiac muscles and are involuntary in function. They work continuously
and never get tired.
IV EXTRA QUESTIONS
1 Write a short note on rib cage.
Ans.
i. The rib cage consists of 12 pairs of curved bones called ribs.
ii. It protects heart and lungs.
iii. The ribs are attached to the sternum (breast bone) in the front and to the backbone in the back.
iv. The last two pairs are called floating ribs as they are joined only to the backbone and not to the sternum.
2. Name the bones that make up our arms and legs.
Bones of arms Bones of leg
Upper arm-humerus Upper leg- femur
Lower arm- radius-ulna Lower leg- tibia-fibula
Wrist- carpals Ankle-tarsals
Palm-metacarpals Foot-metatarsals
Fingers-phalanges Toes-phalanges
Left Hand Side:
Diagrams –
1. Skull
2. Ribcage
3. Bones of arms and legs
4. Joints
5. Working of muscles
6. Kinds of muscles
