CONVERGE 4 GUIDE SERIES

GETTING STARTED GUIDE

Table of Contents
Installing CONVERGE on Linux ...................................................................... 4
Installing CONVERGE on Windows ............................................................... 9
Obtaining a License and Starting the License Server .................................. 11
Obtaining a Valid License File .......................................................................................... 11
Starting the License Server ................................................................................................. 12
Workflow for a CONVERGE CFD Simulation ............................................. 14
Running CONVERGE on Linux ....................................................................................... 14
Linux with HPC-X ............................................................................................................. 16
Linux with Intel MPI ........................................................................................................ 16
Linux with MPICH ........................................................................................................... 17
Linux with Open MPI ...................................................................................................... 17
Running CONVERGE on Windows ................................................................................ 18
Windows with Intel MPI ................................................................................................. 18
Windows with MS-MPI ................................................................................................... 18
Command-Line Options ..................................................................................................... 19
Restarting and Stopping CONVERGE ............................................................................ 20
Diagnostic Information ....................................................................................................... 22
Environment Configuration Errors .................................................................................. 23
Simulation Warnings ........................................................................................................ 23
Simulation Errors .............................................................................................................. 24
License Server Errors ........................................................................................................ 25

Installing and Running CONVERGE Studio ............................................... 26

CONVERGE Studio Troubleshooting Tips .................................................................... 26
Appendix A: Hardware and Software Requirements .................................. 32
Operating Systems ............................................................................................................... 32
Hardware and Software ...................................................................................................... 32
Appendix B: Frequently Asked Questions ................................................... 35
Appendix C: Compatible Abaqus versions ................................................... 37

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 Installing CONVERGE on Linux

1 Installing CONVERGE on Linux

The CONVERGE_CFD Bundle Linux packages include scripts and modulefiles that make it
easy to install, run, and upgrade the CONVERGE solver, as detailed in the instructions
below. In particular, note that you must run the CONVERGE_CFD Bundle script every
time you install CONVERGE 4.0.0 or upgrade to a new minor version (e.g., from 4.0.0 to
4.1.0). Unlike previous versions, the installation package for CONVERGE 4.0.0 bundles
the CONVERGE Studio installation in the same installer.

If you do not have root access privileges, you can install CONVERGE for a single user. If
you are logged in as root, you can install CONVERGE for all users.

The first time you install and run CONVERGE 4.x.x, complete the following steps:

1. Download the CONVERGE_CFD Bundle 4.x.x installation package.

2. Run the CONVERGE_CFD Bundle package and specify the installation location. Also
specify the CONVERGE CFD software products and MPI types. To install the package
without using the prompts, i.e., a silent installation, see the Advanced Installation
Details section.
3. Obtain a valid [Link] file.
4. Start the Reprise License Manager (RLM) license server.
§ A license server is necessary only if you will use a floating license. If you use a node-
locked license, a license server is unnecessary.
5. Set up the CONVERGE environment either by loading a module or running a script.
6. Run the appropriate CONVERGE executable from your Case Directory.

Every time you upgrade to a new minor version (e.g., from CONVERGE 4.0.0 to
CONVERGE 4.1.0) or patched version (e.g., from CONVERGE 4.0.0 to CONVERGE 4.0.1),
complete the following steps:

1. Download the CONVERGE_CFD Bundle 4.x.x installation package.

2. For patch-level installation packages (e.g., 4.0.1), delete the previous patch installation
to save space on disk (recommended). New patch-level versions supersede previous
patch-level versions for all general use.
3. Run the CONVERGE_CFD Bundle package and specify the same installation location.
Convergent Science recommends using the same installation location as your earlier
minor or patched version(s) of CONVERGE. Directories for the new minor version are
installed parallel to the directories for the earlier version(s).
4. Set up the CONVERGE environment either by loading a module or running a script.
5. Run the appropriate CONVERGE executable from your Case Directory.

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Installing CONVERGE on Linux

Installing the CONVERGE CFD Bundle

You can download the CONVERGE_CFD Bundle 4.x.x installation package from the
Convergent Science Hub ([Link] Note that you must
log into this website. The installation package is in a self-extracting shell file named
CONVERGE_CFD_Bundle_4.0.0_linux64.sh.

Run the downloaded script to install the CONVERGE CFD software products using an
interactive installation process. The installer will prompt you for the installation root. By
default, CONVERGE is installed in the /opt/Convergent_Science/ directory. To install in a
different directory, specify that directory when prompted. You will then be prompted to
select the components that you will install. The available products for installation are:
CONVERGE*, CONVERGE Studio*, Examples, Tecplot for CONVERGE, and ParaView*
(mesa included). By default, all of the products will be selected. Selected products will
have an "X" next to the product name. You can select or deselect products by pressing the
product's menu id on your keyboard. You must select at least one product to install. After
you have finished your selection you may press "Enter" to move to the next prompt.

If you selected CONVERGE or ParaView, the next prompt will ask you to select which
MPI types you want the products to use. You must select at least one MPI type from the
available options. The MPI types the products may use are: HPC-X, Intel MPI, MPICH,
and a Limited OMPI.

You are not required to use one of the MPI packages that are included in the CONVERGE
CFD software installation package. You can use your own MPI implementation instead,
as long as you are using a supported version of HPC-X, Intel MPI, MPICH, or Open MPI.

The installer will prompt you to verify your selection before starting the installation.

As a reference, the installer will display the silent installation command that matches the
current CONVERGE CFD software product selection. The command shown can be used
to install the same product selection in future installs without going through the
interactive selection process.

Advanced Installation Details

You can use command options to run a "silent installation" by including all the
information on the products you wish to download in the install command script. A silent
installation allows you to skip the interactive prompts and begin the installation
immediately. As previously mentioned, the silent installation command script will be
displayed by the installer during the installation process. Running the script without any
arguments will launch the selection menus. Running the installer with only an installation
directory path will initiate a silent installation with all products selected by default. The
products will be installed into the specified directory path. You can add additional

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 Installing CONVERGE on Linux

arguments after the path to select specific products to install using the silent installation.
The command, [./CONVERGE_CFD_BUNDLE_4.0.0_linux_x64.sh /opt] will install
the CONVERGE CFD software products in the default directory and with the default
product selection. The available command options are shown in the table below.

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Installing CONVERGE on Linux

Table 1: The command options that may be used for a silent installation.
Command options Description
/opt This is the installation directory. The default installation
directory is /opt. You can install the products into a
different directory by entering the desired directory name in
place of /opt. You must put the path before any other
command options.
--menu This option will launch the selection menus. This option will
override any other options listed. Issuing only the install
command without any options will also launch the selection
menus.
--silent This option will start the silent installation of CONVERGE
CFD products to the default directory. The only time this
option is needed is when no directory or product options are
given, which will install all products in the package to the
default directory. Issuing the install command with the
install directory will silently install all products to the given
install directory. You do not need to provide the '--silent'
option if you provide the install directory.
--converge This option will install the CONVERGE solver in the
specified directory.
--studio This option will install CONVERGE Studio in the specified
directory.
--examples This option will install the example cases files in the
specified directory.
--paraview The option will install ParaView and ParaView mesa in the
specified directory.
--tecplot This option will install Tecplot for CONVERGE in the
specified directory.
--mpi <mpi types> This option will specify which MPI types you want the
installed products to use. The compatible MPI types are HPC-
X, Intel MPI, MPICH, and limited OMPI. These can be
specified in a comma delimited list following the initial '--
mpi' option. For example: --mpi hpcx,mpich,ompi
The following options can be used to specify the MPI
types the products will use:
hpcx: Installed products will use HPC-X type.
intel: Installed products will use Intel MPI type.
mpich: Installed products will use MPICH type.
ompi: Installed products will use limited OMPI type.

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 Installing CONVERGE on Linux

The CONVERGE_CFD Bundle creates a file called .manifest during the installation process
in the Convergent_Science directory. The .manifest file contains information on the
installation and the products that were selected for download.

The installation package for the CONVERGE_CFD Bundle 4.0.0 was created using
"makeself". For documentation on "makeself", and command options that can be used
with the self-extracting shell file, visit [Link] If the local system does not
have sufficient space to unpack the software to temp drive, then you can set another
directory as the temporary to unpack the software by using --target <dir>. For
example, [package_bundle.sh --target <extract_dir> --
<package_install_dir>] will set extract_dir as the temporary directory to unpack the
software to.

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Installing CONVERGE on Windows

2 Installing CONVERGE on Windows

The first time you install and run CONVERGE 4.x.x, complete the following steps:

1. Download and run the Windows installer to install CONVERGE.

2. Obtain a valid [Link] file.
3. Start the Reprise License Manager (RLM) license server.
§ A license server is necessary only if you will use a floating license. If you use a node-
locked license, a license server is unnecessary.
4. Run the appropriate CONVERGE execution script from your Case Directory.

To install or upgrade CONVERGE, complete the following steps:

1. Download the Windows installer to install the new version of CONVERGE.

2. If CONVERGE is already installed on the system, run the previous patch uninstaller to
save space on disk (recommended). Note that this will also uninstall Tecplot for
CONVERGE.
3. Run the Windows installer to install the new version of CONVERGE.
4. Run the appropriate CONVERGE execution script from your Case Directory.

On Windows systems, CONVERGE depends on a set of global environment variables that

are common to all CONVERGE 3.x and 4.0.x installations on the system. Every installation
operation alters these environment variables. Thus, only the most recently-installed
version is supported, and before each installation, we recommend first uninstalling
previous versions as described above.

Downloading and Installing CONVERGE

You can download the CONVERGE 4.x.x Windows installer from the Convergent Science
Hub ([Link] Note that you must log in to this
website. Unlike previous versions, the installation package for CONVERGE 4.0.0 bundles
the CONVERGE Studio installation in the same installer.

Double-click on the *.exe file to begin the installation. The name of the file is
CONVERGE_CFD_Bundle_4.0.0_win64.exe. You must have administrative access to
proceed.

You will be prompted to select which CONVERGE CFD software products you will
install. The available products for installation are: CONVERGE*, CONVERGE Studio*,
Examples, and Tecplot for CONVERGE. You may also choose which MPI type(s) you
want the installed products to use. The available MPI types are Intel MPI and Microsoft
MPI.

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 Installing CONVERGE on Windows

By default, CONVERGE is installed in the C:\Program Files\CONVERGE CFD Bundle

directory. To install in a different directory, specify that directory when prompted.

When the installation is complete, you can safely delete the *.exe file.

Silent Installation Option

You can also run a silent installation to skip the interactive prompts. Adding the /S
parameter to the command line will run the installer silently. Additionally, you can use /D
to set the default installation directory. The parameter /D must be the last parameter used
in the command line and cannot contain any quotation marks. You can only use absolute
paths if you want to set the default installation directory using this parameter. For
example, the command [intall_package.exe /S /D=C:\Program
Files\Convergent_Science] will run the install silently and set the install directory to
C:\Program Files\Convergent_Science. Running a silent installation will install all
CONVERGE CFD software products and MPI types.

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Obtaining a License and Starting the License Server

3 Obtaining a License and Starting the License Server

This chapter covers CONVERGE licensing for Linux and Windows installations. For
information about Tecplot for CONVERGE licensing, refer to the Tecplot for CONVERGE
Setup Guide.

3.1 Obtaining a Valid License File

CONVERGE is licensed software that requires either a node-locked license or a floating
license. A node-locked license allows you to run CONVERGE on a single machine. A
floating license allows CONVERGE to run on any machine on a network. A floating
license limits the number of CONVERGE simulations that can run concurrently. The
system-specific installation instructions contain detailed licensing information.

If you installed CONVERGE or the license server, a [Link] file was placed in the
license subdirectory of the installation directory. You must replace this file with a valid
[Link] file obtained from Convergent Science. To obtain a valid [Link] file, contact
licensing@[Link] with the hostname and the MAC address of the server (for
floating licenses) or all the machines (for node-locked licenses) that will run CONVERGE.

A hostname is a string, such as DESKTOP-PE7C22J or [Link]. MAC addresses are

a set of six two-character strings separated by hyphens or colons, for example, 00-50-56-
C0-00-01 or [Link]. The table below explains how to obtain this information. If
multiple MAC addresses are available (such as when you have both an Ethernet and a
WIFI adapter), choose the MAC address associated with an Ethernet adapter over a WIFI
adapter for a more reliable connection.

Table 2: Obtaining the hostname and MAC address for your machine.
Operating Steps to look up hostname Steps to look up MAC address
System
Windows Go to the command prompt and type Go to the command prompt and type
ipconfig /all ipconfig /all

The hostname is the item next to Host The MAC address is the item next to
Name in the Windows IP configuration Physical Address in your adapter
section. section.
Linux Go to the terminal and type Go to the terminal and type
hostname ip addr

The terminal will write out the The MAC address is the value next to
hostname. link/ether.

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 Obtaining a License and Starting the License Server

To determine the hostid of a machine, type hostid at the command prompt.

3.2 Starting the License Server

This step is necessary only if you have a floating license. If you have a node-locked license,
you can skip this step.

Before CONVERGE will run, it needs to check out a license from the license manager. The
license manager runs constantly on a server and listens for requests for licenses from
processes on the network. The license manager keeps track of how many licenses are
checked out and how many are still available.

The license manager provided with CONVERGE is the Reprise License Manager (RLM)
developed by Reprise Software, Inc. For full documentation on RLM, refer to their website
at [Link]

Installing the License Manager

The license manager must be installed only on the machine running the license server.
When prompted for the machine architecture, choose the architecture for the machine
running the license manager, not the architecture of the machines that will be running
CONVERGE.

The last step in the license manager installation is the creation of a script named rlmd for
starting up the RLM server daemon automatically when the machine boots. If you choose
to create the rlmd script, the installation procedure will prompt for a user name under
whose account the license manager will start when the computer boots up. Enter a valid
user name under which RLM can be run. Even though root is a valid user name, it is not
necessary for the license manager to be run as root.

The RLM license manager is not included in the CONVERGE installation package. It is
available for separate download from the Convergent Science Hub
([Link]

Starting the License Manager

The main server executable necessary for running the license manager is rlm. A number of
other executable utilities are placed in the rlm subdirectory. This can be found in
the /<installation_directory>/<architecture>/rlm directory. Start the license manager (in the
background) in this directory by typing

rlm &

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Obtaining a License and Starting the License Server

When started, RLM will look for any files named *.lic that reside in the same directory.
During the install procedure, a soft link to the [Link] file in the license directory was
created, so RLM will see the license file. The [Link] file provided by Convergent Science
indicates that the vendor-specific settings file named [Link] will also be used to handle the
licensing. Once RLM starts and sees the valid [Link] file, it will use the [Link] to launch
a second rlm daemon as well. If you run the ps command to see what processes are
running, you should see two instances of rlm.

Some license server error codes that you may encounter when launching the client, with
some potential solutions are listed in the License Server Errors section.

You must verify that the [Link] file is saved in the same directory as your [Link] file
( /<installation_directory>/<architecture>/rlm ). You can download the [Link] file from the
Convergent Science Hub ([Link] Note that a login is
required.

Running RLM Automatically at Bootup

Refer to the RLM User Administration Manual for setting up RLM as a service for your
platform.

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 Workflow for a CONVERGE CFD Simulation

4 Workflow for a CONVERGE CFD Simulation

The CONVERGE workflow consists of three steps:

1. Pre-processing (preparing the surface geometry and configuring the input and data
files)
2. Running the simulation
3. Post-processing (analyzing the *.out ASCII files and using a visualization program to
view the information in the post*.h5 binary files)

We recommend using CONVERGE Studio for pre-processing. This chapter describes how
to run a simulation and troubleshoot errors (step 2).

4.1 Running CONVERGE on Linux

Before starting a simulation, you need to set up the CONVERGE environment. There are
two ways to do so: (1) loading a module or (2) running a script.

Option (1) utilizes Environment Modules to simplify the shell initialization process. The
modules provided by Convergent Science include environment configuration for the
CONVERGE solver and related utilities, the supported MPI libraries, and CONVERGE
user-defined functions.

To set up your environment, load the module for the MPI library and CONVERGE version
that you want to use. Table 3 below shows the module load commands for each MPI
library (refer to Appendix A for related hardware recommendations). Note that
Convergent Science does not provide an Open MPI modulefile for CONVERGE 4.0.0. You
can still use your own Open MPI setup with CONVERGE 4.0.0. Beginning wit
CONVERGE 4.0.0, the INTEL setup has some different setings that alloW CONVERGE to
run faster in most cases. If you have issues running CONVERGE with the new INTEL
setup, you can use the INTEL-COMPAT setup to run CONVERGE with the INTEL setup
settings used in previous CONVERGE versions.

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Table 3: Module load commands for each MPI library. Replace <version> with the version you want
to run (e.g., 4.0.0).
MPI Library Command
HPC-X module load <install_root>/Convergent_Science/CONVERGE_CFD/4.
0.0/environment/x64/modulefiles/CONVERGE/CONVERGE-
HPCX/<version>
INTEL module load <install_root>/Convergent_Science/CONVERGE_CFD/4.
0.0/environment/x64/modulefiles/CONVERGE/converge-
intel/<version>

INTEL_COMP module load <install_root>/Convergent_Science/CONVERGE_CFD/4.

AT 0.0/environment/x64/modulefiles/CONVERGE/converge-
intel_compat/<version>
MPICH module load <install_root>/Convergent_Science/CONVERGE_CFD/4.
0.0/environment/x64/modulefiles/CONVERGE/CONVERGE-
MPICH/<version>

If your organization has its own MPI setup, enter the module load command for your
organization's MPI environment immediately after the command from Table 3. This
ensures that you will run CONVERGE using your organization's MPI configuration
instead of the default MPI configuration provided with the CONVERGE installer.

For option (2), CONVERGE offers a script for each MPI library in the scripts subdirectory.
The script sets environment variables for the CONVERGE solver and related utilities, the
MPI library, and CONVERGE user-defined functions.

Run the appropriate script to set up your environment. Table 4 below shows the
commands for each MPI library (refer to Appendix A for related hardware
recommendations). Note that Convergent Science does not provide a script for Open MPI
for CONVERGE 4.0.0. You can still use your own Open MPI setup with CONVERGE
4.0.0.

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Table 4: Environment setup scripts for each MPI library. Replace <version> with the version you
want to run (e.g., 4.0.0).
MPI Library Command
HPC-X source <install_root>/Convergent_Science/CONVERGE_CFD/4.0.0/e
nvironment/x64/scripts/CONVERGE/CONVERGE-HPCX/<version>.sh
INTEL source <install_root>/Convergent_Science/CONVERGE_CFD/4.0.0/e
nvironment/x64/scripts/CONVERGE/converge-intel/<version>.sh
INTEL_COMP source <install_root>/Convergent_Science/CONVERGE_CFD/4.0.0/e
AT nvironment/x64/scripts/CONVERGE/converge-
intel_compat/<version>.sh
MPICH source <install_root>/Convergent_Science/CONVERGE_CFD/4.0.0/e
nvironment/x64/scripts/CONVERGE/CONVERGE-MPICH/<version>.sh

The scripts in Table 4 include the default MPI configuration provided with the
CONVERGE installer. If your organization has its own MPI setup, work with your IT
team to determine the additional steps needed to use your organization's MPI
configuration instead of the default MPI configuration.

When your environment setup is complete, navigate to your Case Directory and use the
appropriate command to run CONVERGE. Refer to the following sections for example
commands for each of the four MPI libraries. You must use a supported MPI version.

CONVERGE accepts a number of command-line options. Note that you must use the
appropriate command-line option ( --license super in CONVERGE 4.0.0) if you have a
superbase solver license.

Linux with HPC-X

An example command to run CONVERGE with HPC-X on 16 processing cores is

mpirun -np 16 -x PATH -x LD_LIBRARY_PATH -x CONVERGE_ROOT -x OPAL_PREFIX

converge-hpcx

The -x arguments are necessary to export the required environment variables to the
remote nodes.

Linux with Intel MPI

The format of the command for Intel MPI is

mpirun -n <number of processes> -ppn <number of processes per node>

converge-intel

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For example, the command to run CONVERGE on 4 nodes with 4 processing cores per
node is

mpirun -n 16 -ppn 4 converge-intel

In practice, however, a few things should be added to the mpirun command line to make it
more practical. To write the output to a file and start the job in the background, use

mpirun -n 16 -ppn 4 converge-intel < /dev/null > [Link] &

The redirect of the /dev/null is recommended by Intel MPI to avoid some warnings that
would otherwise be sent to stdout.

Linux with MPICH

The most basic way to start CONVERGE in parallel is

mpirun -n <number of processes> converge-mpich

For example, to start a job on four processing cores you would type

mpirun -n 4 converge-mpich

In practice, however, a few things should be added to the mpirun command line to make it
more practical. To write the output to a file and start the job in the background, use

mpirun -n 4 converge-mpich < /dev/null > [Link] &

The redirect of the /dev/null is recommended by MPICH to avoid some warnings that
would otherwise be sent to stdout.

Linux with Open MPI

An example command to run CONVERGE with Open MPI on 16 processing cores is

mpirun -np 16 -x PATH -x LD_LIBRARY_PATH -x CONVERGE_ROOT -x OPAL_PREFIX

converge-ompi

The -x arguments are necessary to export the required environment variables to the
remote nodes.

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4.2 Running CONVERGE on Windows

To start a simulation, navigate to your Case Directory and enter the appropriate
command at the command prompt. Refer to the following sections for example commands
for each supported MPI library. Note that you must use a supported MPI version. You do
not need to copy or link the CONVERGE executable to the Case Directory.

By default, CONVERGE uses the MPI environment configuration that is included in the
CONVERGE installation package. If your organization has its own MPI setup, we
recommend using that instead. To do so, prepend the path to your organization's MPI
environment files to the Path environment variable. You can edit environment variables in
the Control Panel.

CONVERGE accepts a number of command-line options. Note that you must use the
appropriate command-line option ( --license super in CONVERGE 4.0.0) if you have a
superbase solver license.

Windows with Intel MPI

Before submitting a job, enter

[Link]

to run the Intel MPI setup script using PowerShell. Then, enter

& "C:\Program Files\CONVERGE CFD Bundle\CONVERGE

CFD\<version>\CONVERGE\x64\bin\mpi\intel64\
bin\[Link]" -n <number of processes> -ppn <number of processes per
node> "C:\Program Files\CONVERGE CFD Bundle\CONVERGE
CFD\<version>\CONVERGE\x64\bin\intelmpi\[Link]"

For example, to run CONVERGE 4.0.0 on 4 nodes with 4 processing cores per node, you
would type

& "C:\Program Files\CONVERGE CFD Bundle\CONVERGE

CFD\4.0.0\CONVERGE\x64\bin\mpi\intel64\bin\
[Link]" -n 16 -ppn 4 "C:\Program Files\CONVERGE CFD Bundle\CONVERGE
CFD\4.0.0\CONVERGE\x64\bin\intelmpi\[Link]"

Windows with MS-MPI

If you do not already have Microsoft MPI 10 installed, run the redistributable installer at

C:\Program Files\CONVERGE CFD Bundle\Redistributables\msmpi\Redist\

[Link]

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To submit a job with MS-MPI, enter

& "C:\Program Files\Microsoft MPI\Bin\[Link]" -n 4 "C:\Program

Files\CONVERGE CFD Bundle\CONVERGE
CFD\<version>\CONVERGE\x64\bin\msmpi\[Link]"

For example, to run CONVERGE version 4.0.0, you would type

& "C:\Program Files\Microsoft MPI\Bin\[Link]" -n 4 "C:\Program

Files\CONVERGE CFD Bundle\CONVERGE
CFD\4.0.0\CONVERGE\x64\bin\msmpi\[Link]"

To see all MS-MPI run options, use

& "C:\Program Files\CONVERGE CFD Bundle\CONVERGE

CFD\4.0.0\CONVERGE\x64\bin\msmpi\[Link]" -?

4.3 Command-Line Options

CONVERGE accepts a number of command-line options. To invoke an option, append the
argument to the CONVERGE executable (e.g., converge-mpich --help on Linux or
powershell converge-intelmpi.ps1 --help on Windows).

Each version has a slightly different set of options and arguments, as detailed in Tables 5-
7.

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Table 5: Command line options for CONVERGE 4.0.0

Argument for CONVERGE 4.0.0 Option description

--help or -h Show help text.

--version or -v Show version information.
--license base Run CONVERGE with a base/child license set (default).
or -l base
--license super Run CONVERGE with a single superbase license.
or -l super
--license restricted Run CONVERGE with a single restricted license.
or -l restricted
--utility <utility name> Run the specified utility. Use the --help option to see a list of
or -u <utility name> supported utilities or refer to the CONVERGE 3.2 Manual for
more information.
--output-dir <path> Write output to the specified directory.
or -d <path>
--serial-output Write all output files in serial through rank 0. This option
might not be available for some simulations. Refer to the
CONVERGE 3.2 Manual for more information.

4.4 Restarting and Stopping CONVERGE

During a simulation, CONVERGE periodically writes restart files from which you can
restart a simulation. The restart file name format is restart*.rst, where * is a placeholder for
the restart number. You can set parameters in [Link] to control the number of restart
files and how frequently they are written. Refer to the CONVERGE Manual for more
information about these parameters.

You can also force CONVERGE to write a restart file by placing an empty file called
RESTART in the Case Directory. To create this file from the command line, navigate to the
Case Directory and type

touch RESTART (Linux)

or

powershell New-Item RESTART (Windows)

Upon reading the empty file, CONVERGE will write a restart*.rst file at the end of the
current time-step and then delete the empty file.

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To restart a simulation, copy the desired restart*.rst file to [Link] and set
simulation_control > restart_flag = 1 in [Link], then run the code as you normally do. In
CONVERGE 4.0.0, be sure to save [Link] in the root Case Directory instead of the
outputs_* directory. If a file named [Link] does not exist, CONVERGE will use the
restart file with the highest number.

The results from a restarted simulation might not exactly match the results from the
original run. Some of the physical models incorporate random number elements that are
not replicated in a restart case. These variations will be consistent with using a different
random seed for the same set of inputs.

For simulations using Adaptive Mesh Refinement (AMR), CONVERGE recreates the AMR
embedding at the beginning of a restart. To ensure that the new AMR embedding matches
exactly the AMR embedding from before the restart, CONVERGE saves the AMR
embedding information to the restart file.

Checking the Restart Time

To confirm that a specific restart file is complete and to see the time-step at which it was
written, type the following command in a terminal (HDF5 libraries must be installed):

h5dump -a "STREAM_00/TIME_STEP" <filename> (CONVERGE 4.0.0)

Figure 1 below shows an example of the output. If the restart file is incomplete (for
example, if the simulation crashed while the file was being written), this command returns
an error.

HDF5 "[Link]" {
ATTRIBUTE "TIME_STEP" {
DATATYPE H5T_IEEE_F64LE
DATASPACE SIMPLE { ( 1 ) / ( 1 ) }
DATA {
(0): 0.0101109
}
}
}
Figure 1: Example h5dump output. Here, the [Link] file was written at a simulation time of
0.0101109 s.

Stopping and Restarting a Simulation

If you place an empty file in your directory called STOP, CONVERGE will immediately
create a restart file, create the post files, do all its other normal finishing procedures, end
the simulation, and delete the STOP file. Type

touch STOP (Linux)

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 Workflow for a CONVERGE CFD Simulation

or

powershell New-Item STOP (Windows)

in your Case Directory to create an empty STOP file. You can then see exactly what was
happening in the flow at the time-step where you stopped the simulation, edit the input
files if you wish, and restart your job as described above.

Generating post Files During a Simulation

If you place an empty file in you directory called OUTPUT, CONVERGE will immediately
create the post files and delete the OUTPUT file. Type

touch OUTPUT (Linux)

or

powershell New-Item OUTPUT (Windows)

in your Case Directory to create an empty OUTPUT file. You can then see exactly what
was happening in the flow at the time-step where you generated the post files.

Forcing CONVERGE to Write a restart File

If you place an empty file in you directory called RESTART, CONVERGE will immediately
create a restart file and delete the RESTART file. Type

touch RESTART (Linux)

or

powershell New-Item RESTART (Windows)

in your Case Directory to create an empty RESTART file. This allows you to force
CONVERGE to write a restart file at the end of the current time-step even when the time-
step is not lined up with the twrite_restart specification.

4.5 Diagnostic Information

The screen output also contains error notifications and warnings that are useful for
diagnosing problems at runtime. Errors usually terminate the simulation or prevent the
simulation from running, while warnings do not necessarily indicate a problem.

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Environment Configuration Errors

Some errors occur because the environment is not set up or because CONVERGE is not
installed correctly. Table 6 below lists common environment configuration errors.

Table 6: Common environment configuration errors.

Error Explanation Solution
error while loading CONVERGE cannot find a library Set up the environment by
shared libraries: it needs at runtime. loading the appropriate module
[Link]: cannot open
shared object file: no
or sourcing the appropriate
such file or directory environment script.
syntax error near The environment script has not Ensure that CONVERGE is
unexpected token been set up. This could indicate installed correctly and that you
`newline' export
cvg_installroot=</path/t
that CONVERGE is not installed are using the correct environment
o/install/root>` properly, or that you are trying to script.
use an environment script that is
not installed.
Assertion failed in file There was an error in Intel MPI's Set I_MPI_SHM_HEAP_VSIZE to
../ shared memory allocator, likely a higher value, such as 512.
../src/mpid/ch4/src/inte
l/ch4_shm_coll.c at line
because the Intel SHM heap value
1523: comm- is too low.
>shm_numa_layout[my_numa
_node].base_addr

error while loading CONVERGE cannot find the user- Ensure that the UDF has been
shared libraries: defined function (UDF) library at built and that
libconverge_udf.so:
cannot open shared
runtime. LD_LIBRARY_PATH contains the
object file: no such path to the UDF library. Refer to
file or directory the CONVERGE UDF Manual for
more information about building
UDFs.

Simulation Warnings
CONVERGE generates warnings during runtime. Unlike errors, warnings do not
terminate the simulation. A warning usually indicates that the inputs you supplied to
CONVERGE are not typical for that type of simulation. Examples of warnings are:

· warning in [Link], mult_dt_spray is greater than 1.0. this may lead to

large errors in spray calculations
· warning in [Link], for tke inflow boundary condition for boundary 1
dirichlet or intensity is not specified

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Simulation Errors
Simulation errors usually cause the simulation to crash. Table 7 below lists common types
of these errors and gives examples for each type.

If a crash occurs in CONVERGE 4.0.0, a detailed stack trace is written to

CONVERGE_error_rank<number>.log, where <number> indicates the processor rank on
which the error occurred. If you need help resolving an error, send this file along with the
main log file to the support team for your region.

Table 7: Common types of simulation errors with examples.

Error Type Example Explanation of example
Missing inputs initialized species not A species with an initialized value in
found in [Link]
[Link] is not part of the reaction
mechanism specified in file [Link].
must provide a file for an You have not supplied a motion file (e.g.,
arbitrary moving boundary
arbitrary_motion.in) for an arbitrarily
moving boundary.
A mismatch boundary between disconnect You have specified a motion type for a
between the regions can only translate boundary between two disconnected
or rotate
specified input and regions other than TR (Translating) or RO
the input (Rotating).
CONVERGE expects
disconnect group between A disconnect group between two regions
based on the regions 0 1: CLOSED while has been defined as CLOSED while a
specified type of attached boundary region 1
boundary in region 1 is actually moving.
simulation is moving
All OPEN/CLOSE events must occur only
when the boundaries adjacent to the
disconnect triangles are stationary.
Computational equilibrium solver did not The specified models or submodels did not
errors converge converge to specified tolerances.
Kill/termination Signal 9 The operating system has killed your
signals simulation. This commonly occurs when
you run out of memory. Try getting more
memory, making the case smaller, or
running the case on more nodes.
Signal 15 Another program has terminated your
simulation. This commonly occurs when a
scheduled job runs out of time and is killed
by the scheduler.

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License Server Errors

Table 8 lists some error codes that you may encounter when launching the client. Refer to
the RLM license administration manual for further troubleshooting information.

Table 8: Common RLM error codes and solutions.

Error Code Meaning Solution
-1 Environment not established. Set the RLM_LICENSE environment variable to
<port>@<host> where <port> is 2765 by
default and <host> is the hostname or IP
address of your license server.
-17 Failure during connection 1. The client license environment is incorrect.
with the license server. Check the port and hostname values in the
RLM_LICENSE environment variable.
2. The license server is down. Consult your local
IT staff to verify the license server is active.
3. A firewall on the client machine, server
machine, or somewhere in between blocked the
connection. Consult your network administration
staff.
-18 The license server is not 1. You have to supply the super keyword for
hosting a license of the superbase licenses.
requested type. 2. Your license is expired.
-22 Not enough licenses Free up some licenses or wait for jobs to complete.
available to run.

If you see the following error when you launch a job on RLM

<date> <time> (rlm) Using TCP/IP port 27650

<date> <time> (rlm) Starting ISV server csci on port 36083
<date> <time> (rlm)
<date> <time> (rlm) **Cannot find the ISV server binary.**
<date> <time> (rlm)

you must verify that the [Link] file exists in the same directory as your [Link] file. You
can download the [Link] file from the Convergent Science Hub
([Link] Note that a login is required.

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 Installing and Running CONVERGE Studio

5 Installing and Running CONVERGE Studio

To run CONVERGE Studio, go to the installation directory and double-click on the
executable, or open a terminal and type the full path to the executable. You might also
choose to set up a shortcut or link to the executable. For a list of options that are available
when running from the command line, refer to the CONVERGE Studio Manual.

5.1 CONVERGE Studio Troubleshooting Tips

The following notes help you troubleshoot problems you may encounter when running
CONVERGE Studio. This information applies to CONVERGE Studio on Linux and
Windows operating systems, unless otherwise specified.

· For Windows systems, if CONVERGE Studio does not open, edit the Path environment
variable on your machine.

1. Open the system control panel and type env in the search bar.
2. Choose Edit the system environment variables.
3. In the System Properties dialog box, go to Advanced and click the Environment
variables... button.
4. In the Environment Variables dialog box, under System variables, select the Path
variable. Then click the Edit... button.
5. Find the path to your installed CONVERGE Studio executable (e.g., C:\Program
Files\Convergent_Science\CONVERGE_Studio\v4.0.0) and click the Move Up
button on the right side of the Edit environment variable dialog box until this path is
at the top of the list. Click OK to exit the Edit environment variable dialog box.
6. Click OK to exit the Environment Variables dialog box.
7. Click Apply then OK to exit the System Properties dialog box.
8. Launch CONVERGE Studio.

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· For Windows systems, if CONVERGE Studio 4.0.0 crashes when you try to create a new
case, your machine might be missing OpenGL 3.3+ support. Work with your IT team to
install NVIDIA graphics drivers with OpenGL 3.3+ support.

· For Linux systems, if CONVERGE Studio 4.0.0 crashes immediately after launch, use the
qtconfig or qtconfig-qt4 command to update the GUI style for rendering Qt
applications under Appearance and then click File > Save. We recommend Cleanlooks or
Plastique.

Figure 2: The Qt Configuration > Appearance tab on a Linux system.

· For Windows systems, if you are unable to import [Link], it is most likely because
your computer does not use a period as the decimal separator. We recommend changing
your region format as follows:

1. Go to the system control panel and open the Region settings.

2. On the Formats tab, set the Format to English (United States). This changes the
format for dates, times, and numbers. It does not change the language used to
display text.
3. Launch CONVERGE Studio and import your [Link] file.

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If you want to keep your current format for dates, times, or other elements, you can
click Additional settings... to customize the behavior. You must use a period (.) as the
Decimal symbol. If you modify other settings, we recommend evaluating their impact on
CONVERGE Studio.

Figure 3: Region format settings on a Windows system.

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Installing and Running CONVERGE Studio

· For Windows systems, if you have an unwanted clipping plane and if all edges are
rendered in the boundary fence color, the solution is as follows.

1. Open the NVIDIA Control Panel.

2. In Manage 3D Settings > Global Settings or Program Settings:
· For a desktop GeForce GPU, turn off Shader Cache.
· For a workstation Quadro GPU, turn off Threading Optimization.

Figure 4: Turning off Shader Cache in the NVIDIA Control Panel.

3. Run CONVERGE Studio with the -n command line option. Check the CONVERGE
Studio Message log to verify that CONVERGE Studio is using the OpenGL
rendering method.

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· For both Linux and Windows systems, to use the boundary animation feature and to
enable faster rendering, you must have a discrete GPU from NVIDIA or AMD. If your
hardware meets our requirements and if the device driver works correctly, you can
verify that fast rendering is activated by checking the CONVERGE Studio Message log.
You should see the following messages after CONVERGE Studio starts a new
document. The OpenGL line will indicate which rendering method you are using:

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CONVERGE Studio v4.0.0 Dec 21 2023 [Link]
CONVERGE Studio uses QT 5.12.X
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
OpenGL: using GLSL to render triangles, edges and normals (the fastest method).
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

If CONVERGE Studio is using the old rendering, you will see the following message:

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CONVERGE Studio v4.0.0 Dec 21 2023 [Link]
CONVERGE Studio uses QT 5.12.X
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
OpenGL: using old rendering methods (deprecated GL calls).
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

· In Linux, CONVERGE Studio defaults to fast rendering. If your machine does not meet
the hardware requirement, CONVERGE Studio 4.0.0 will use the old rendering. To force
CONVERGE Studio 4.0.0 to use the old rendering, use the -o command line option.

· You may see the warning "missing libicui18n dynamic library" when launching
CONVERGE Studio 4.0.0 on RedHat (CentOS) 7.x. However, this warning should not
affect the functionality of CONVERGE Studio.

· The CONVERGE Studio 4.0.0 Windows installer packages no longer overwrite an

existing [Link] file. Additionally, uninstalling CONVERGE Studio 4.0.0 will not
remove an existing [Link] file.

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· Many newer Linux operating systems upgrade to gstreamer 1.0 instead of 0.1, which is
the required version for CONVERGE Studio 4.0.0. It is much easier to install gstreamer
0.1 on newer systems compared to installing gstreamer 1.0 on older systems. If your
system does not install gstreamer 0.1 by default, you can manually install it.
o For OpenSUSE, you can find rpm packages from
[Link]
o For Ubuntu 18.10, use the following steps:
§ wget [Link]
base0.10/libgstreamer-plugins-base0.10-0_0.10.36-1_amd64.deb
§ wget [Link]
gstreamer0.10-0_0.10.36-1.5ubuntu1_amd64.deb
§ sudo dpkg -i libgstreamer*.deb

Please ask your IT department to install gstreamer 0.1 or use an older Linux system,
which provides it by default.

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 Appendix A: Hardware and Software Requirements

6 Appendix A: Hardware and Software Requirements

This chapter describes the operating systems and architectures that are compatible with
CONVERGE and CONVERGE Studio, along with memory and MPI requirements.

6.1 Operating Systems

To install CONVERGE or CONVERGE Studio, you must run a compatible operating
system, as listed below in Table 9. For all Linux distributions, CONVERGE Studio requires
glibc 2.17 or later. CONVERGE does not support 32-bit operating systems.

Table 9: Operating system versions compatible with CONVERGE and CONVERGE Studio.
Operating System CONVERGE 4.0.0 CONVERGE Studio
4.0.0
Windows Server 2003+
Windows 10+ 8+
SLED 12+* 11+
RHEL 7.0+ 7.0+
Ubuntu 13.04+* 10.04+

CentOS 7.0+ 7.0+

*Based on limited testing.

6.2 Hardware and Software

For the CONVERGE solver, the amount of recommended RAM depends on the size of the
domain; the level of grid refinement; the number of species, passives, and reactions in the
mechanism; and other simulation-specific criteria. A small, simple simulation (e.g., an
engine sector case) can be efficiently executed in serial on a single machine with less than
4 GB of RAM. Larger simulations (e.g., a port-fuel injected, full-cylinder simulation using
the SAGE detailed chemistry solver) may require several multi-core machines to achieve a
solution in a reasonable time.

CONVERGE 4.0.0 supports any hardware architecture that uses the x86-64 instruction
set. CONVERGE is designed for consumer-class hardware and does not use enterprise-
class additions to that instruction set. Contact the Convergent Science Applications team
to discuss processor selection.

We recommend running CONVERGE on a parallel file system such as Lustre or BeeGFS. If

you are running CONVERGE on an asynchronous file system such as CIFS, we
recommend using a hint file for your MPI library with the format shown in Figure 5

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Appendix A: Hardware and Software Requirements

below. Set the mpi_control > io_hints_filename parameter in [Link] to the name of this
file. Refer to the CONVERGE Manual for more information about [Link].

romio_no_indep_rw true
cb_nodes 1
Figure 5: Example MPI hint file for CIFS.

For optimal geometry rendering, run CONVERGE Studio on a machine with OpenGL-
compatible video drivers (3.3+). Refer to the CONVERGE Studio Manual for more
information about command line options for CONVERGE Studio.

To manipulate a geometry in CONVERGE Studio, we recommend the minimum RAM

listed below in Table 10.

Table 10: RAM recommendations for manipulating geometries in CONVERGE Studio.

Triangles in geometry Recommended minimum RAM
10,000 200 MB
120,000 475 MB
200,000 650 MB
400,000 1 GB
800,000 1.8 GB
1,000,000 2 GB

Table 11 below lists the MPI (Message Passaging Interface) support packages that can be
used to execute the solver in parallel. Other MPI packages are not supported.

Table 11: Compatible MPI support packages.

MPI package Supported version for CONVERGE 4.0.0
HPC-X (Linux only) 2.5
Intel MPI 21
MPICH (Linux only) 3.2
MS-MPI (Windows only) 10.1
Open MPI (Linux only) 3.1

Earlier versions of HPC-X, Intel MPI, MPICH, MS-MPI, and Open MPI are not supported.

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 Appendix A: Hardware and Software Requirements

For multi-node simulations, CONVERGE works best with a high-performance

interconnect such as InfiniBand or Omni-Path. The HPC-X, Intel MPI, and Open MPI
packages that are included with the CONVERGE solver work with InfiniBand
automatically. We do not recommend using HPC-X unless you are running on InfiniBand
with NVIDIA InfiniBand cards, for which HPC-X was specifically developed.

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Appendix B: Frequently Asked Questions

7 Appendix B: Frequently Asked Questions

The questions below pertain to the CONVERGE 4.x.x installation process. For a more
general list of FAQs pertaining to internal combustion, physical modeling, and other
topics, go to [Link]

If you need help resolving an issue, please email support@[Link] (US),

supportEU@[Link] (EU), or [Link]@[Link] (India).

Why is CONVERGE running slowly?

If you observe poor performance, we recommend checking your latency as a first step.
CONVERGE prints the node-to-node latency to the screen and to mpi_latency.log at the
start of a simulation. You can also run the check_system utility to check the latency
without starting a simulation. Example commands:

CONVERGE 4.0.0: mpirun -np 16 converge-ompi -u check_system

CONVERGE does not check out a license when you run this utility.

For high-speed interconnects like InfiniBand and Omni-Path, we have seen latencies
ranging from about 2 µs to 25 µs. These numbers are highly dependent on system
configuration. If a high-speed interconnect is available for your system and your latency is
higher than you expect, it is possible that the MPI library is not configured to use the high-
speed interconnect. Work with your IT team to check your MPI setup.

Do I have to use one of the MPI packages that was installed with the CONVERGE
4.x.x solver?
No. We include MPI packages in the CONVERGE 4.x.x installer only for convenience. If
your IT team has set up their own MPI package in a supported version, we recommend
using that instead. To do so on Linux, load the module for your organization's MPI
environment immediately after loading the CONVERGE module. To do so on Windows,
prepend the path to your organization's MPI environment files to the Path environment
variable.

Can I copy the CONVERGE executable from the installation package to a different
directory (on Linux) without running the CONVERGE_CFD Bundle script?

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 Appendix B: Frequently Asked Questions

No. To install CONVERGE 4.x.x on Linux, you must run the CONVERGE_CFD Bundle
script.

In CONVERGE 4.x.x, you do not need to copy or link the CONVERGE executable to your
Case Directory when you run a simulation. Instead, you set up your environment so that
the executable can be run from any directory.

I've already installed CONVERGE 4.x.y. How do I upgrade to CONVERGE 4.x.z?

Download the installation package for the new version and run the CONVERGE_CFD
Bundle script (Linux) or the .exe installer (Windows). The directories for the new version
(e.g., 4.0.0) are installed parallel to the directories for the old version (e.g., 4.0.1).

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Appendix C: Compatible Abaqus versions

8 Appendix C: Compatible Abaqus versions

After installing CONVERGE, you can use an Abaqus solver while running CONVERGE.
The compatibility between CONVERGE and Abaqus versions are listed below in Table 12.

Table 12: Abaqus versions compatible with CONVERGE.

Qualified Abaqus CONVERGE 3.0.x CONVERGE CONVERGE CONVERGE
version 3.1.1-3.1.6 3.1.7+ 4.0.0
2017x Yes Yes
2018x Yes Yes
2019x Yes Yes
2020x Yes Yes
2021x Yes Yes
2022x Yes Yes

You may use GT-SUITE to model Flow, FSI, or CHT coupling at a boundary. The
compatibility between CONVERGE and GT-SUITE versions are listed below in Table 13.

Table 12: GT-SUITE versions compatible with CONVERGE.

GT-SUITE v2023 GT-SUITE GT-SUITE GT-SUITE
v2022 v2021 v2020
CONVERGE v4.0.0 v4.0.0 v4.0.0 v4.0.0
v3.1.6+ v3.022 v3.0.20 v2.4.21
v3.022 v3.0.20 v3.0.16-v3.0.19* v2.4.13
v3.0.20 v3.0.16-v3.0.19* v3.0.15
v3.0.16-v3.0.19* v3.0.15 v2.4.21
v3.0.15 v2.4.21 v2.4.13
v2.4.21 v2.4.13
v2.4.13
*-These CONVERGE solvers feature a changed startup sequence compared to earlier CONVERGE v3.0
builds that can cause the first coupled timestep to be ill-conditioned in GT-SUITE. This may interfere
with the startup or cause the simulation to fail. Convergent Science corrected this issue in the v3.0.20
release.

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