COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS
Lab 11 – Explicit Dynamics of Rigid Bullet with Flexible Sheet
(Cu Alloy Bullet & Al Alloy Sheet)
SUBMITTED BY:
Name Hamza Khan
Registration No. 220101061
SUBMITTED TO:
Dr. Umer Sohail
DEPARTMENT OF AERONAUTICS AND ASTRONAUTICS
INSTITUTE OF SPACE TECHNOLOGY
ISLAMABAD
Introduction:
Using a simulation of a hard bullet striking a flexible sheet, this lab explores the fundamentals of explicit
dynamics. Studying high-speed events, where inertial effects predominate and significant deformations
or failure may occur, requires explicit dynamic analysis. Understanding how a flexible sheet reacts to a
high-velocity impact while taking energy absorption, deformation, and stress distribution into account is
the main objective of this research. We can precisely depict the dynamic interaction and evaluate the
material behavior under harsh circumstances by simulating the bullet as a rigid body and the sheet as a
deformable structure. In domains where impact resistance and structural integrity are crucial, such
defense, aerospace, and materials engineering, this study is especially pertinent.
Procedure:
• Add copper alloy, aluminum alloy from engineering data sources.
Below are the steps we need to follow for explicit dynamics of rigid bullet and flexible sheet:
➢ Open Ansys workbench on your P.C
➢ Open Explicit Dynamics from tool box on left side
➢ Open engineering data from explicit dynamics
➢ Go to engineering data source on top left side and then go to general materials
➢ From general materials add aluminium alloy and copper alloy by clicking + button
➢ Close engineering data and open model from explicit dynamics
➢ Import the geometry provided by the supervisor. In this case we were provided with the
geometry of the bullet and sheet. We imported it in the geometry section of explicit dynamics
➢ From the tree open the geometry tree and rename the bullet and impact object
➢ On bottom go to definition and make the bullet rigid and assign its material as copper alloy from
material section
➢ Similarly make the impact object flexible and assign its material as aluminium alloy from material
section
➢ Now go to explicit dynamics on tree and then go to initial condition
➢ Right click on initial condition and then go to insert and then go to velocity to add initial conditial
for velocity
➢ For initial condition of velocity add the bullet as the geometry
➢ Select define by component and make the z component as -900 m/s
➢ Now right click on explicit dynamics from tree and go to fixed support to add a fixed support
➢ Now select the impact objects 4 surfaces as shown in the figure below under the geometry
section
➢ Now click on Solution free tree go to insert then go to deformation and add total velocity and
total deformation from there
➢ Similarly add equivalent elastic strain and equivalent stress under the headings of strain and
stress respectively in solution
➢ Now go to analysis setting in the Explicit Dynamics (A5) from tree and add end time as 4.e-004 s
and from output control make result number of points as 200 instead of 20
➢ Right click on solution and go to solve to solve the solution. An alternating way of doing this is
simply pressing F5 after clicking solution in order to solve the solution
Final Preview:
Conclusion:
To some extent, the interaction of a rigid bullet against a flexible sheet must primarily relate to the
transfer and dissipation of kinetic energy endowed to the bullet. The interaction leads to considerable
deformation of the flexible sheet at impact that exhibits bulging, allowing for energy absorption through
material stretching and possibly internal friction of fibers (if applicable) and stress wave propagation.
The eventual result-whether that be penetration or containment-is critically dependent on the speed
and shape of the bullet, as well as the material properties, thickness, and arrangement of the sheet. The
end criterion for any effective ballistic resistance is when a flexible sheet can distribute the force of
impact sufficiently and convert the kinetic energy of the bullet into other energies before the failure of
the sheet material becomes catastrophic.
