1
1 The table shows the melting points, boiling points and electrical conductivities of six substances,
D, E, F, G, H and I.
melting point boiling point conducts electricity conducts electricity
substance
/ °C / °C when solid when liquid
D 1083 2567 yes yes
E −117 79 no no
F 3550 4827 no no
G 119 445 no no
H −210 −196 no no
I 801 1413 no no
Identify the substance, D, E, F, G, H or I, which is:
a liquid at 25 °C ........................................................................................................................
a gas at 25 °C ..........................................................................................................................
a solid consisting of simple molecules at 25 °C ....................................................................... [3]
[Total: 3]
2 A substance boils at temperature X and melts at temperature Y.
Complete the graph to show the change in temperature over time as the substance cools from
temperature A to temperature B.
temperature
time
[2]
[Total: 2]
2
3 Substances can change state.
(a) Boiling and evaporation are two ways in which a liquid changes into a gas.
Describe two differences between boiling and evaporation.
1 ........................................................................................................................................
2 ........................................................................................................................................ [2]
(b) Name the change of state when:
a gas becomes a liquid .....................................................................................................
a solid becomes a gas. ..................................................................................................... [2]
[Total: 4]
4 This question is about states of matter.
Complete the table, using ticks (✓) and crosses (✗), to describe the properties of gases, liquids and
solids.
particles are particles have particles are
state of matter
touching random movement regularly arranged
gas
liquid
solid
[3]
[Total: 3]
5 Ammonia gas is prepared at the front of a laboratory.
The pungent smell of ammonia spreads throughout the laboratory slowly.
(a) Name the process that occurs when ammonia gas spreads throughout the laboratory.
........................................................................................................................................... [1]
(b) Explain, using ideas about particles, why ammonia gas spreads throughout the laboratory.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................... [2]
3
(c) Explain why carbon dioxide gas, CO2, will spread throughout the laboratory at a slower rate
than ammonia gas, NH3.
...........................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................... [1]
[Total: 4]
6 Zinc is manufactured from zinc blende. Zinc blende is an ore which consists mainly of zinc sulfide,
ZnS.
(a) Zinc blende is roasted in air. One of the products is zinc oxide.
Name the other product formed in this reaction.
........................................................................................................................................... [1]
(b) Zinc oxide is then converted into zinc.
Zinc oxide and coke, a source of carbon, are heated in a furnace. Hot air is blown into the
furnace.
(i) Give two reasons why coke is needed.
1 ............................................................................................................................
2 ............................................................................................................................ [2]
(ii) Write a chemical equation for the formation of zinc in the furnace.
................................................................................................................................ [1]
(iii) Zinc has a melting point of 420 °C and a boiling point of 907 °C. The temperature inside
the furnace is 1200 °C.
Explain how this information shows that the zinc produced inside the furnace is a gas.
................................................................................................................................ [1]
(iv) The gaseous zinc is converted to molten zin.
Name this change of state.
................................................................................................................................ [1]
[Total: 6]
4
7 The table shows the melting points, boiling points and electrical conductivities of six substances
D, E, F, G, H and I.
melting point boiling point electrical conductivity electrical conductivity
substance
/ °C / °C when solid when liquid
D 1610 2230 non-conductor non-conductor
E 801 1413 non-conductor good conductor
F −119 43 non-conductor non-conductor
G 1535 2750 good conductor good conductor
H 114 184 non-conductor non-conductor
I −210 −196 non-conductor non-conductor
Choose substances from the table which match the following descriptions. Each substance may
be used once, more than once or not at all.
(a) Which substance is a liquid at 25 °C
........................................................................................................................................... [1]
(b) Which substance is a gas at 25 °C?
........................................................................................................................................... [1]
(c) Which three substances contain simple molecules?
........................................................................................................................................... [3]
(d) Which substance could be a metal? Give a reason for your answer.
substance .........................................................................................................................
reason ...............................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................... [2]
(e) Which substance has a macromolecular structure? Give two reasons for your answer.
substance .........................................................................................................................
reason 1 ............................................................................................................................
reason 2 ............................................................................................................................ [3]
5
(f) Which substance is an ionic solid? Give one reason for your answer.
substance .........................................................................................................................
reason ...............................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................... [2]
[Total: 12]
8 The table shows the melting points, boiling points and electrical conductivities of six substances,
D, E, F, G, H and I.
melting point boiling point conducts electricity conducts electricity
substance
/ °C / °C when solid when liquid
D 1083 2567 yes yes
E −117 79 no no
F 3550 4827 no no
G 119 445 no no
H −210 −196 no no
I 801 1413 no yes
Identify the substance, D, E, F, G, H or I, which has a macromolecular structure.
Give two reasons for your choice.
substance .................................................................................................................................
reason 1 ...................................................................................................................................
reason 2 ................................................................................................................................... [3]
[Total: 3]
6
9 The table shows the melting points, boiling points and electrical conductivities of six substances,
D,E, Fb, G, H and I.
melting point boiling point conducts electricity conducts electricity
substance
/ °C / °C when solid when liquid
D 1083 2567 yes yes
E −117 79 no no
F 3550 4827 no no
G 119 445 no no
H −210 −196 no no
I 801 1413 no yes
Identify the substance, D, E, F, G, H or I, which is an ionic solid. Give a reason for your choice.
substance .................................................................................................................................
reason ......................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................. [2]
[Total: 2]
10 The table shows the melting points, boiling points and electrical conductivities of six substances,
D, E, F, G H and I.
melting point boiling point conducts electricity conducts electricity
substance
/ °C / °C when solid when solid
D 1083 2567 yes yes
E −117 79 no no
F 3550 4827 no no
G 119 445 no no
H −210 −196 no no
I 801 1413 no yes
Identify the substance, D, E, F, G, H or I, which is a metal. Give a reason for your choice.
substance .................................................................................................................................
reason ...................................................................................................................................... [2]
[Total: 2]
7
11 Information about atoms and ions, A, B and C, is shown in the table.
Complete the table.
atom number number of number of
symbol
or ion of electrons neutrons protons
42 2+
A 18 20 20Ca
35
B 18 17Cl
C 18 16 16
[6]
[Total: 6]
12 Potassium is a Group I element.
Potassium combines with sulfur to form an ionic compound, potassium sulfide, K2S.
Give two physical properties of ionic compounds.
1 ...............................................................................................................................................
2 ............................................................................................................................................... [2]
[Total: 2]
8
13 Ester Y has the structure shown.
O H
H C O C H
Complete the dot-and-cross diagram to show the arrangement of electrons in a molecule of
ester Y.
O
H
H C O C H
[3]
[Total: 3]
14 Atoms and ions are made from small particles called electrons, neutrons and protons.
Complete the table.
particle relative charge relative mass
1
electron 1 1840
neutron
proton
[2]
[Total: 2]
9
15 A carboxylic acid Y has the structure shown.
H C O H
Complete the dot-and-cross diagram to show the arrangement of electrons in a molecule of carboxylic
acid Y.
H C O H
.
[3]
[Total: 3]
16 Potassium is a Group I element.
Potassium combines with sulfur to form an ionic compound, potassium sulfide, K2S.
Complete the dot-and-cross diagram to show the electron arrangement and charges of the ions in
potassium sulfide.
....... .......
K S
.......
[3]
[Total: 3]
10
17 Diamond and graphite are different solid forms of carbon. The carbon atoms in diamond and graphite
are arranged in different ways.
(a) State the number of covalent bonds each carbon atom has in diamond.
........................................................................................................................................... [1]
(b) State the term used to describe the structure of diamond.
........................................................................................................................................... [1]
(c) Name an oxide that has a similar structure to diamond.
........................................................................................................................................... [1]
(d) Describe the arrangement of atoms in graphite.
...........................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................... [2]
(e) Explain how graphite conducts electricity.
........................................................................................................................................... [1]
[Total: 6]
18 Complete the dot-and-cross diagram to show the electron arrangement and charges of the ions in
sodium oxide.
....... .......
Na O
.......
Na
[3]
[Total: 3]
11
19 Complete the dot-and-cross diagram to show the electron arrangement in a molecule of
phosphorus(III) chloride, PCl3. Show outer shell electrons only.
Cl P Cl
Cl
[2]
[Total: 2]
20 Potassium is a Group I element.
Name and describe the bonding in potassium.
name ........................................................................................................................................
description ................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................. [4]
[Total: 4]
21 The structures of seven compounds or elements, A, B, C, D, E, F and G, are shown.
A B C D
H H H H H H
O C O P
H C C C H H C C C H H H
H
H H H H
E F G
H O
H C O H S
O O
H
State which structure, A, B, C, D, E, F or G, represents a substance that is used for cutting tools.
.................................................................................................................................................. [1]
12
[Total: 1]
22 Deduce the number of electrons and neutrons in one atom of the isotope of nickel shown.
62
28Ni
number of electrons .................................................................................................................
number of neutrons .................................................................................................................. [2]
[Total: 2]
23 (a) Choose from the list the radioactive isotope used as a source of energy.
Draw a circle around your answer.
27 23 16 235
Al Na O U
[1]
(b) State one other industrial use of radioactive isotopes.
........................................................................................................................................... [1]
[Total: 2]
