CHRISTIAN SOCIAL SERVICES COMMISSION

An Ecumenical Body of Tanzania Episcopal Conference and Christian Council of Tanzania

P.O. Box 9433, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
CSSC-SOUTHERN ZONE FORM FOUR JOINT EXAMINATION
(MARKING GUIDE)

031/1 PHYSICS 1 AUGUST 2024

1.
I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X
C D D B B C A E C D

2.
I II III IV V VI
C G H A E D
3. From the Diagram:
Data: y= 30cm, x =6cm, Area, a = 4cm2, Area, A =120cm2, Effort, E = 60N.
(a) Force F exerted on piston ‘a’
Since E is applied at the distance y from the fixed point, then by considering the moment about
the lever:
ExY=XxF
60N x 30cm = F x 6cm
F = 60N x 30cm/6cm
F = 300N.
The force exerted on piston ‘a’ is 300N (03marks)
(b) The maximum load (W) that could be raised:
From Pascal’s principle,
F/a =W/A
300N/4cm2= W/120cm2
W = 300 X 120/4
W = 9000N.
The maximum load that could be raised is 9000N (03marks)
(c) Given VR of the hydraulic press = 100 and VR of the lever = 2
Total Velocity ratio , VR =2×100
= 200
From efficiency =MA/VR X 100%
But MA = L/E

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 =9000N/60N
MA =150
e =150N/200N X100%
e = 75%
The efficiency of the hydraulic press system is 75% (03marks)
4. (a) From the law of floatation,
The weight of floating body = weight of liquid displaced
Mass of hydrometer x g = v x ρ x g
Mass = vxρ
15 = A x l x ρ
15 = 2 x l x 1
L = 7.5cm.
The length immersed in water is 7.5cm (04.5marks)
(b) When floating in a liquid of density, ρ
Mass x g = A x l x ρ x g
15 = 2 x 10 x ρ
Ρ = 0.75 g/cm3 or 750 kg/m3
The density of the liquid is 0.75 g/cm3 or 750 kg/m3 (04.5marks)
5. (a) The one with bright shining colour will be preferred during the hot sunny day because it is poor
absorber of heat energy therefore it ensure inside the car cool, at the same time the car with the same
bright shining surface is preferred during the cold night because it is poor emitter or radiator of heat
energy therefore prevent heat loss inside the car. (05marks)
(b) Data given.
Change in length = 15m
Original temperature (Q1) = 10o C
Final temperature (Q2) = 30o C
Superficial expansivity (β) 0.04/oC
Required: Initial length (L1) =?
From β = 2α,
𝛽 0.04
α=2= = 0.02/oC (01 mark)
2
∆𝐿
From α = 𝐿1∆𝑄 (01mark)
∆𝐿 15
L1 = 𝛼∆𝑄 = 0.02(30−10) (01mark)

L1 = 37.5m
Therefore, the new length is 37.5m (01mark)
6. (a) According to kinetic theory of gas, gas molecules or atoms are considered to move with
constant random motion. In the enclosed vessel, gas molecules move in straight line colliding

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 themselves and also colliding with the wall of the vessel. Now when temperature increases the K.E
of the molecules increases and the rate of collision increases as well. If the initial momentum of
the molecule = mv, then the final momentum = -mv
Therefore, change in momentum = mv –(-mv)
= 2mv
From the second newton’s law, F = change in momentum/time
= 2mv/t.
This force exerts on the wall of a container. Therefore,
P = F/A
= 2mv/At
This expression shows that as temperature increases with time, pressure also increase inside the
container at constant volume. ( 04marks)

(b)

The image formed is:

- Virtual image
- Upright
- Magnified
- Formed behind the mirror (03 for diagram, 02marks for properties)
- Data given
7. (a) Current of fuse = 8A
Voltage mains = 240V
Total power of appliances = 1200+800+400 = 2400W (01mark)
𝑝𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 2400
From Current (I) = 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 = = 10A (01mark)
240

The total current produced by all appliances is 10A. (01mark)

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Then the fuse will blow off since the current of appliance is greater than that of fuse i.e 10A > 8𝐴 (02marks)
(b) Solution
Consider a re – drawn circuit below
𝐼𝑇 C D

𝐸1 = 3𝑉 𝐸2 = 4𝑉
𝑟1 = 2Ω 𝑟2 = 1Ω

R= 8Ω
𝐼𝑇

V
𝟏
(𝟎 𝒎𝒂𝒓𝒌)
𝟐

According to Ohm’s law,

𝑉 = 𝐼𝑇 × 𝑅
𝟏
𝑉 = 𝐼𝑇 × 8Ω_____(𝑖)(𝟎 𝒎𝒂𝒓𝒌)
𝟐
𝐵𝑢𝑡 𝐼𝑇 𝑖𝑠 𝑔𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑎𝑠 𝑓𝑜𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑠
𝐸𝑇 = 𝐼𝑇 (𝑅 + 𝑟𝑇 )
𝐸𝑇
𝐼𝑇 = (𝟎𝟏 𝑴𝒂𝒓𝒌)
𝑅 + 𝑟𝑇
𝐸1 + 𝐸2
𝐼𝑇 =
𝑅 + 𝑟1 + 𝑟2
3𝑉 + 4𝑉
𝐼𝑇 =
8Ω + 2Ω + 1Ω
7𝑉
𝐼𝑇 = 11Ω (𝟎𝟏 𝑴𝒂𝒓𝒌)
𝐼𝑇 = 0.636𝐴 ≈ 0.64𝐴
𝐹𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑒𝑞𝑛(𝑖)
𝑉 = 0.64𝐴 × 8Ω
𝑉 = 5.12𝑉 (01 𝑀𝑎𝑟𝑘)
∴ 𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝑝. 𝑑 𝑎𝑐𝑟𝑜𝑠𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 8Ω 𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑖𝑠 5.12𝑉
(𝟎𝟏 𝑴𝒂𝒓𝒌)

7 (a) Data given:

Let specific heat capacity of water (Cw)= y
𝑦
Specific heat capacity of acid (Ca) =
2

Mass of water Mw = x
Mass of acid Ma = x (01mark)
Initial temperature of water Qw = 20o C

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Initial temperature of acid Qa = 80oC
Required: Temperature of the mixture (Qf)
From heat lost by acid = heat gain by water (01mark)
Ma x Ca x ∆𝑄𝑎 = Mw x Ca x ∆𝑄𝑎
𝑦
X x 2 x (80-Qf) = X x y (Qf-20) (01mark)
80-Qf = 2Qf-40
3Qf = 120 (02mark)
Qf = 40o C
Therefore, the final temperature of the mixture is 40oC (01mark)

(b) When the hand is moved closer (approaches) to the plate, it will influence the charge distribution
in the electroscope through a process called electric induction. (1.5 marks)
When the hand is moved away from the electroscope’s plate, the original charge distribution on the
electroscope will tend to restore and the leaf will return to its original degree of divergence (1.5
marks)
9. (a) The phenomenon is called electromagnetic induction. This phenomenon explains that
whenever there is a change in magnetic flux linking a conductor and a magnet, an emf that drives
the current is induced across a conductor. This phenomenon is governed by two laws called
faraday’s law and lenz’s law of electromagnetic induction.
(03 Marks)

(b) (i) I will prefer to use the aluminum cables because are lighter and form a protective layer (oxide layer)
when exposed to air. This prevents further corrosion. This make the aluminium cables to be handled
and installed very easily and can be used over a long period of time. (03 Marks)
(ii)I will use a step – up transformer to transfer the power at high voltage (low current). This is because
when power is transmitted a high voltage, there will be minimal power loss in form of heat energy
due to the resistance of the cables. Therefore, a lot of megawatts of power will reach the consumers.
(03 Marks)
(c) Solution
Given,
Vp = 220V
Is = 8A
Vs = 75V
Wasted (lost) energy percent = 20%
Required the current (Ip) in the primary winding.
From,

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 𝐼𝑠 × 𝑉𝑠
𝑒= × 100% (𝟎𝟏 𝐌𝐚𝐫𝐤)
𝐼𝑝 × 𝑉𝑝
e × Ip × Vp = Is × Vs × 100%
by making Ip the subject
Is × Vs × 100%
Ip = (𝟎𝟏 𝐌𝐚𝐫𝐤)
e × Vp
8A × 75V × 100%
Ip = _____(i)
e × 220V
But e = 100% − 20% (𝟎𝟐 𝐌𝐚𝐫𝐤𝐬)
e = 80%
6000
Thus, Ip = ( )A
80 × 22
Ip = 3.4A (𝟎𝟏 𝐌𝐚𝐫𝐤𝐬)
∴ The current in the primary winding is 3.4A (𝟎𝟏 𝐌𝐚𝐫𝐤𝐬)
10. (a) effects of global warming
- Loss of biodiversity
- Rising of sea level due to thermal expansion of oceans, melting of ice sheets and
glaciers
- Climatic change
Solutions to control
- Afforestation and reafforestation
- Encourage on the use of clean energy
- Emphasize on the use of public transport to reduce private vehicles which may reduce
carbonic gases
- Government to adopt carbon emission policies (04marks)
(b) i. Dopping is the process of inducing impurities in a semiconductor material in order to increase
conductivity of the material.
ii. Rectification is the process of changing ac to dc
iii. Coupling is the process of pairing or linking the input signals from one single
stage amplifier to another as isolated d.c (06marks)
(c). Bulb 1 in circuit number 1 will light on because the diode is in forward biasing where
current is allowed to flow, but bulb 2 in circuit number 2 will light off because the diode is in reverse
biasing where there is no flow of current. (05 marks) Solution

11. (a) Required the fundamental frequency (𝐟𝐨 ′) when the tension (T1) is four times the original
(T1= 4To)
From,

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 1 TO
fo = √
2L μ

1 T1
if fo′ = √ (𝟎𝟏 𝐌𝐚𝐫𝐤)
2L μ

1 4TO
fo′ = √
2L μ

1 TO
fo′ = × 2√
2L μ

2 TO
fo′ = √ (𝟎𝟐 𝐌𝐚𝐫𝐤)
2L μ

1 TO
fo′ = √ _______(i)
L μ

1 TO
from, fo = √
2L μ

1 TO
2fo = √ _______(ii)
L μ
equate eqn(i)and (ii)
1 TO
f ′ = 2fo = √ (𝟎𝟏𝐌𝐚𝐫𝐤)
L μ
∴ fo′ = 2fo
∴ The new fundamental frequency will be two times
the original fundamental frequency (𝟎𝟐 𝐌𝐚𝐫𝐤)
(b) yes, a sound can break a wine glass. This is because when the external source of sound is
sounded near the wine glass, it makes a glass into vibrations. when the frequency of sound
from the source matches the natural frequency of a glass, resonance occurs. this makes a
glass to vibrate at its maximum amplitude causing the glass to break into pieces.
(04 marks)
( c)when a string is heated, it expands and becomes loosen causing the change(decrease) in its
fundamental frequency. also, when a string cooled, it contracts and becomes very tight causing
the increasing in tension causing the change (increase) in the fundamental frequency. so, the
musician must re – tune the instrument depending on the temperature change so as to restore the
natural fundamental frequency of a stringed instrument. (05 marks)
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