Crashes &
Collisions
- GRADE 9 SCIENCE
OBJECTIVES
01. Define momentum and impulse
Discuss the concept of impulse-
02. momentum theory
03. Determine the two types of collision
Explain the relationship between collisions
04. and the impulse and momentum of
moving bodies
Which is more dangerous?
Coconut Bullet
Which is more dangerous?
Coconut Bullet
15 m/s 400 m/s
1 kg 10 g
p = mv p = mv
(1 kg ) ( 15 m/s) 10g/1000 x 400 m/s
15 kg.m/s 4 kg.m/s
What is Momentum?
- is the quantity of motion of a moving body. It is
measured as a product of its mass and velocity.
- measure of the body’s moving inertia and measured by
multiplying the mass of the body with its velocity.
Formula: p = mv
unit : kg.m/s
What is Momentum?
5 m/s -6m/s
5 kg 4 kg
p = mv p = mv
p = (5 kg) ( 5 m/s) p = (4 kg) ( -6 m/s)
p = 25 kg.m/s p = -24 kg.m/s
Sample Problem
Which has larger momentum, a 5 kg bowling ball moving at
0.1 m/s or a 0.5 kg basketball moving at 4 m/s?
The given values are:
v1 = 0.1 m/s Mass of the bowling ball: m1 = 5 kg
m1 = 5 kg
Velocity of the bowling ball: v1 = 0.1 m/s
Mass of the basketball: m2 = 0.5 kg
m2 = 0.5 kg v2 = 4 m/s Velocity of the basketball: v2 = 4 m/s
Substituting the values given to compute the
momentum for each body would give you:
p1 = m1v1 p2 = m 2 v 2
p1 = (5 kg) (0.1 m/s) p2 = (0.5 kg) (4 m/s)
p1 = 0.5 kg.m/s p2 = 2 kg.m/s
The momentum of bowling The momentum of basketball is 2 kg.m/s
ball is 0.5 kg.m/s
p1 < p2
Note: Having a larger mass does not mean that it already has a larger momentum or moving inertia.
There are instances where the body with a lower mass may have more momentum.
Impulse - change in momentum
- product of force and time
I = ft I = ft
5s I = (5 N) (5 s)
5N I = 25 N.s
MOMENTUM IMPULSE
p = mv I = ft
Impulse-momentum theory
ft = mv
Impulse-momentum theory
Sir Winston:
ft = mv
50 kg 50 kg t t
f = (50 k g) ( 10 m/s)
5s
m/s
m/s
f = 100 N
10
10
5s 6s Ma’am Jed:
Sir Winston Ma’am Jed f = (50 k g) ( 10 m/s)
6s
f = 83.33 N
Impulse-momentum theory
The shorter the time,
the greater the force
impact
Impulse-momentum theory
Let’s check comprehension
A 50.0 kg object is moving at 18.2 m/s
when a 200 N force is applied opposite
the direction of the object’s motion,
causing it to slow down to 12.6 m/s. How
long was this force applied?
Law of Conservation
of Momentum
➢The initial momentum is
equal to the final momentum
➢ “the total momentum of a system
does not change when there are
no external forces acting to it.”
Conservation of Momentum
The initial momentum is equal to the final
momentum
Pi = P f
m1v1i + m2v2i = m1v1f + m2v2f
Conservation of Momentum
Pi = Pf
m1v1i + m2v2i = m1v1f + m2v2f
before collision After collision
-1 m/s 2 m/s
1 m/s -2 m/s
4kg 2kg 4kg 2kg
(4kg)( 1m/s) + (2kg) (-2m/s) (4kg)( -1m/s) + (2kg) (2m/s)
(4 kg.m/s) + (-4 kg.m/s) (-4 kg.m/s) + (4 kg.m/s)
p = 0 kg.m/s p = 0 kg.m/s
