MANAGEMENT Staffing : Man power Planning

Definitions : Employment of personnel

Frederick W Taylor Training, Appraisal, Remuneration etc.
“Management has been defined as the art of
knowing what you want to do and seeing that it is done in Directing : Inter personnel Relationships.
the best and cheapest way.” Supervision, Guidance & Support.
Communication with subordinates.
Stanley Vance
Providing Leadership.
(From the point of view of decision making)
Motivation of employees.
“Management is the process of decision making
and control over the action of human beings for the
Controlling : Comparing the actual performance with
expressed purpose of attaining pre-determined goals.”
the planned & standards
Lawrence Appley (From the view point of people Taking regular and timely corrective
orientation) action.
“It is the accomplishment of results through the
efforts of other people.” Characteristics of MANAGEMENT
Harold Koontz
“Management is the art of getting things done 1. Management is a continuous process unless its
through and with people in formally organized groups.” objectives are not achieved.
John Mee 2. It is a human activity, where human beings plan,
“Management is the art of securing maximum results implement and control the activities.
with minimum effort so as to secure maximum prosperity 3. Management is an integrative force i.e. it binds
and happiness for both employer and employee and together the different elements of the
giving the public the best possible service.” organisation.
4. It is a social process i.e. it is done by the people,
Finally through people and for the people.
5. Management is required at all levels of the
Management is a process of effective utilization
organisation (Top, Middle and Lower Level)
of human and other resources to achieve the stated
with difference of nature and authority.
organizational objectives.
6. It is a dynamic activity which is continuously
Management is a process consisting of management performed to update the organisation for
functions i.e. Planning, Organising, Staffing, Directing changing environment.
and Controlling. 7. Management is getting the things done. It always
promotes to perform tasks as and when required.
Management is for what 8. Management is intangible i.e. it can not be seen
To achieve the organizational objectives like: but can be felt in the form of their results.
To earn profits. 9. Management is a combination of both science
To provide Goods and Services desired by customer. and an art.
To provide Goods and Services with Quality. 10. Management is a profession.
For satisfaction of all i.e. Employees, Customers, Govt.
and other parties like suppliers, distributors etc. Importance of MANAGEMENT

1. It makes people realize the objectives and directs

How to achieve objectives
By effective utilization of resources i.e. 6M’s their efforts to achieve them.
(Men & Women, Materials, Machines, Methods, Money 2. It helps in utilizing the various resources
and Market) optimally.
3. It helps in reducing the cost and enables
organisations to face competition.
MANAGEMENT FUNCTIONS
4. It provides efficient and smooth running of
Planning : Determining the objectives of the activity business processes.
Making Decisions & Policies for the activities. 5. It helps in generation of new ideas and methods
to tackle day-to-day problems.
Organising : Identification of activities or processes. 6. It helps in moulding organisations in changing
Grouping of similar activities. environment.
Creation of Departments. 7. It provides a concrete system to forecast future
Delegation of Authority and opportunities and threats and thereby prepare
Responsibilities. organisation for all outcomes.
Establishment of relationships.
MANAGEMENT is Science or an Art

Management as a Science Management as a profession:

1. Use of Scientific Methods : Management 1. Systematic Knowledge: Management provides
possesses a systematised body of knowledge systematic knowledge and formal training to its
and uses scientific methods in its processes. individuals.
2. As a Social Science: Management deals with 2. Ethical code of conduct: Management
the behaviour of the people in the professionals are required to adopt an ethical
organsiations, which is very complex and behaviour & code of conduct for appealing and
difficult to deal in a controlled environment. convincing others.
3. Cause and Effect Relationship: likewise 3. Attitude: Management professionals always
the concept of science especially Physics or have an attitude to take things or issues in a
Chemistry, Management concepts are also positive & professional manner with proper
applied with definite results as and when utilization of resources to provide better results.
required.
4. Recognition: Society always recognize the status
4. Proper verification of principles: of managers in an organization as a respectable
Management principles are developed after a person as they provides solutions to every
long period of research and observations and problem and also produce units to benefit the
are thereby proved & verified. society.
5. Reliability: Its results are uniform & reliable 5. Competition: Increasing competition in the
depending upon the circumstances. It business would also leads to involve more and
provides a reliable basis for predicting future more management professionals in the
events. organization in different roles and processes.
6. Professional characteristics: Management
Management as an Art professionals have knowledge, positive attitude,
competent application, self control and social
1. Personal skills and knowledge:
responsibility which recognize their job as a
management makes use of Personal skills
profession.
and knowledge in solving many complicated
problems to achieve the organizational
Management Vs. Administration
objectives.
 Are Separate functions: Management
2. Practical knowledge: Management does not means to manage and implement, while
merely a theoretical concept. It is concerned administration meant to administer i.e. plan and
with application of knowledge which makes control. Administration is one step ahead of
it effective and useful. management. Administration pre-determines the
3. Art of decision making: A management specific goals. It is a policy making function,
professional regularly practicize the Art of while management is an executive function,
decision making. which is primarily concerned with carrying out
the policies laid down by the administration.
4. Creativity: Management itself is one of the
most creative Arts as it is concerned with  Are synonymous: All organizations
getting work done through others by requires planning, organizing, staffing, directing
motivating them to work and coordinating and controlling. A manager or an administrator
their activities. both has to perform these functions.
5. Discretionary Role: As an Artist, uses his According to Keith Davis management is
own wish and choice to prepare an Art, also divided into three levels. Top level Management
Management professionals always requires performs Administrative functions. Middle level
certain discretionary powers to choose the performs implementation and control and lower
way or method, time and people for getting level management is meant for only
the things done effectively. implementation (Operational Management).
Levels of Management Managerial Skills
Top Management : It consist of Board of Directors, Conceptual skills: It is the activity
Chairman, Chief Executive Officer, Managing Director and a. To see or review the organization as a whole.
Other Directors etc. b. Having broad knowledge and skills
Functions: c. To recognize inter relationship among different
a. To determine the objectives functions.
b. Setting up an organizational framework d. To review the functions involved in the organization.
c. Framing policies and making plans to achieve e. To plan for various activities and formulate strategies.
organizational objectives. f. Making decision based on circumstances in the best
d. To work as a bridge between internal and external interest of the organization.
environment. g. To conceptualize, which requires imagination, broad
e. Providing overall leadership knowledge, mental capacity to conceive abstract
f. Excersizing effective measures to overall control. ideas.
Human Skills: It is the ability
Middle Management: It consists of Departmental Heads, a. To work with others and to win cooperation from
Branch Managers, Superintendents etc. people in the work group
Functions: b. To effectively communicate the message.
a. Interpreting the policies framed by Top Management. c. To resolve conflicts.
b. Selecting suitable operative & supervisory personnel. d. To motivate employees
c. Assigning duties and responsibility for timely e. To provide effective leadership
execution. f. To understand the problems of others.
d. Motivating the personnel to achieve higher Technical Skills: It consists of
productivity. a. Proficiency in technical knowledge and skills
e. Coordinating with other department to ensure smooth b. Instant solution to the day to day problems –
running of organization. troubleshooting.
f. Compiling and issuing instructions to supervisors c. Ability to conduct various processes on its own.
under their control. d. Guide and support on technical points to subordinate.
g. Reporting the feedback to the Top Management.
h. Collecting the information and reports on Top
Management Strategic Planning
performances.

Conceptual skills

Human skills
i. Making recommendations to top management for

Technical skills
Middle Coordination and
better implementation of plans & policies. Management planning for
implementation
Lower Management: It consist of Foreman, Supervisors, Lower
Management Implimentation
Sales Officer, Finance and Account Officer, HR Officer etc.
Functions:
a. To issue orders and instructions to the workers and Characteristics of Quality Managers
control their functioning. Education: Manager must be well educated having
b. To plan the activities of their section and assign job to specific education in management or administration with a
the worker. sense of estimating business environment.
c. To provide on-the-job training. Training: Managers must acquire skills through training
d. To solve problems of the subordinate. in the branch of management where he is working.
e. Maintain good human relations Intelligence: A managers should have higher level of
f. Act as Liaison Officer between middle management intelligence then an average human being. They should
and employees. have the ability to think scientifically and analyze the
Management Levels
problems accurately.
Leadership: Managers supposed to provide guidance and
Planning
Top leadership to their subordinate, they should be able to
Organising utilize their subordinate effectively in the best interest of
Staffing organization.
Middle Foresight: A good manager should have an open mind
Directing
and be receptive to new ideas. He should be able to
Controlling foresee the problems and can pre-mature formulate its
Lower solution.
Maturity: A good manager should be emotionally
matured and have balanced temperament. He should have
Managerial functions high frustration tolerance etc.
Technical Knowledge: A managers should have sufficient
knowledge of technique of production so that he can
involve himself in the production process also.
Human Attitude: A good manager should try to develop
social relationship and treat their subordinate as human
being.
Self-confident: A manager should be able to take
initiative and take decisions after scientific analysis.