Journal of Research of the National Bureau of Standards Vol. 6 1, No.

5, November 1958 Research Paper 2911

Central Notations for the Revised ISCC-NBS

Color-Name Blocks
Kenneth 1. Kelly
Nickerso n and Newhall published, in 1941, the central notations of the original ISCC -
NBS (Inter-Society Color Council-National Bureau of Standards) color-name blocks which
were u sed in the preparat ion of the soil and rock color-name charts. In 1955, the ISCC-
NBS color-nam e blocks were r evised to accord more closely with usage in the texti le and
other fi eld s (N BS Circu lar 553). The central notations of these revised color-name blocks
hav e been compu te d and are given in the prese nt paper in tabu lar form. A color chart
s [Link] t he central colors of the 267 ISCC--NBS color-n ame blocks wou1d se rv e for rapid
determination of the J SCC-NBS color d esignation, es pecially in field wor k where spee d and
ease of operation are more important than high accuracy.

1. Introduction The chroma, 0, of the centroid [1] is defined as:

8
In 1941 Nickerson and Newhall published a
paper [7]1 en tiLled Central No Lations for !SCC- NBS
Color Names based on the first d escription of the
(j- _
J Jre.
2
o c.
0 2 (cos 8)dOd8
2_----,.---_ _ _ _ _ , or
ISCC- NBS method of describing colors published o
in 1939 [2]. Since then, the ISCC- NBS color-name
charts have been r evised to accord more closely with
usage in the textile and other fields and have been
f Jre.
2
-2
8 e.
OdCd8

published in 1955 under the title The ISCC- NBS

M ethod of Designating Colors and a D ictionary of C 2(0;+ OxC,,+ 0~) sin (7I"!1H/ IOO )
Color Names [3]. The present paper contains tbe 3(Ox+ 0 ,,)(7I"!1l-l/ 100) ,
central notations of tbe r evised color-name blocks. wb ere Ox and On are the upp er and lower chroma
limi ts of the block, respectively.
2. Computa tion of Centroids By this m ethod, the central notation (H , VIC) of
The color-name blocks into which the color solid an elementary block like moderate red, hue ran ge
has been divided are bounded at top and bottom by IE to 7R, value range from 3.5 to 5.5, and chroma
planes of cons tan t Munsell value, at two of the sides range from 7 to 11 , is determined as:
by planes of constant Munsell hue, and at t he other H = (lR + 7R) /2 = 4R ; V = (3.5 + 5.5) /2 = 4.5,
two sides by concen tric cylindrical surfaces of constant,
Munsell clu·oma. The shape of such a block might and
be called a sector of a right cylindrical annulus (like . C 2 (lP + 7 X 11 + 72) sin (671"/100)
a piece of pie with the point bitten off). The 3(11 + 7) (671"/100)
simplest such block is thus defined by six limits :
two-value, two-hue, and two-chroma limits; the 2 X 247 X O.1874=91
most complicated of these blocks may be broken 3X 18 X O.1885 .
down into three blocks of this simplest or elementary The central notation of a compound block, that is,
shape. The general method is to find the centroid one in which two or more elementary blocks are
of each such block and then find the volume-weighted joined togetber along common constant-hue planes,
centroid of the set of one to three such elementary such as yellowish white or moderate blue, is found
centroids. by computing the volume-weighted mean of the
The hue and value of such an elementary centroid central notations of the simple blocks. The centroid
are simply the averages of the hue and value limits, of a t\yo-component block, for instance, will lie on
respectively. The chroma of the centroid is not the straight line joining the centroids of the com-
entirely a function of the chroma limits, but depends ponent blocks. Therefore, it is necessary to graph
on the number of Munsell-hue steps !1H in the block. the respective centroids on circular graph paper,
Let the cross section of the block at constant Munsell connect them by a straight line divided inversely
value be laid out in cylindrical coordinates with the according to the two volumes, and read off the hue
radius being MUl1sell chroma, 0, and since there are and chroma of the resultant centroid. For a three-
100 Munsell-hue steps in the complete hue circuit, the component block , the resultant cen troid for t wo of
angle MJ in radians will be given in terms of Munsell the adjacent blocks is found and then combined by
hue, H , as 271"!1H/ I00 . Further let H = O correspond the same method with the centroid of Lhe third
to the Munsell hue, H, of the centroid of the block. block. The value notation of the resultant centroid
i~ computed as the volume-weighted mean of the
1 Figures ill brackets illdieate tbe literature references at tbe end of this·paper. value notations of the separate centroids.
427
 3 . Peripheral Color-Name Blocks TABLE 1. Central notations of [SCC- NBS color-name
blocks.- Continued
The shape of the psychological color solid may be
described as a grossly misshapen grapefruit, set so C553
that the pithy core is vertical with an irregular num- ISCC- NBS ~color name Central notation
outer surface or skin, determined by the MacAdam ber
theoretical pigment limits [4]. The bounding sur-
face has been determined in Munsell renotation 11 vivid red 5- R4 / 15 +*
terms by Nickerson and Newhall [8]. This solid, 12 strong red 4.0R 4.5/12.0
cut into 267 blocks each with a color name attached, 13 deep red [Link] 2.8/9.9
forms the ISCC- NBS system of color names. Now 14 very deep red 5.0R 1.4/9.0*
consider the outermost or peripheral blocks, those 15 moderate red 4.0R 4.5/9.1
that extend to the outer surface or skin. These 16 dark red 4.5R 2.8/6.8
represent colors of maximum saturation, maximum 17 very dark red 3.5R 1.2/4.9*
lightness or minimum lightness as determined from 18 light grayish red 4.9R 6.0 /3.4
the MacAdam limits. These peripheral blocks, of 19 grayish red 4.6R 4.5/4.7
20 dark grayish red 3.5R 2.7/2.2
which there are 120, have several simple boundary
surfaces (plane and cylindrical) and are closed by 21 blackish red 3.5R 1.1 /1.6*
the outer complicated curved surface of the color 22 reddish gray 6.5R 5.5/1.1
solid . The centroids of these peripheral blocks have 23 dark reddish gray 6.0R 3.5/1.1
24 reddi sh black 6.0R 0.9/0.8*
been estimated graphically by plotting the Mac- 25 vi vid yellowish pink 8.0R 7 /13 +*
Adam limits on the color-name charts.
26 strong yellowish pink 8.0R 7.5/9.0*
4. Table of Central Notations of Color- 27
28
d eep yellowish pink
li ght yellowish pink
5.6R 6.0/ 12.4
0.7YR 8.6/4.8*
Name Blocks 29 mod erate yellowish pink 0.7YR 7.2 /4.8
30 dark yellowish pink 7.0R 6 .0/6.0
In table 1 the ISCC- NBS color-name blocks are
identified by number and name, and the Munsell 31 pale yellowish pink 2.1 YR 8.8/2.2*
renotation of each centroid is given. The central 32 grayish yellowish pink 0.5YR 7.2 /2.3
33 brownish pink 6.5YR 7.2 /2.2
notation of each of the 120 peripheral blocks, less 34 vivid reddish orange 9.5 + R 5.5/ 15.5 + *
certain because it was estimated rather than com- 35 strong reddish orange 9.5R 5.5/ 12.0
puted by formula, is marked with an asterisk.
The numbers used to identify and order the color 36 d eep reddish orange 9.5R 4.0/12 .0
37 moderate reddi sh orange 9.5R 5.5/9.1
designations in table 1 are taken from table 1 of 38 dark reddish orange 9.5R 4.0/9.1
NBS Circular 553 [3]. Thus, for any hue name, the 39 grayish reddish orange 0.5YR 5.5/6.0
order of modifiers is vivid; brilliant, strong, deep, 40 strong reddish brown 0.5YR 3.0/ 11.2 *
very deep; very light, light, moderate, dark, very deep reddish brown
41 9.8R l.5 +/7.5 + *
dark; very pale (very light grayish), pale (light 42 light reddish brown 0.5YR 5.5/4.1
grayish), grayish, dark grayish, blackish; -ish white, 43 moderate reddish brown 9.6R 3.4/5.2
light -ish gray; -ish gray, dark -ish gray, and -ish 44 dark reddish brown 9.5R l.3/3.6*
black. Not all of these modifiers are required with 45 light grayish r eddish brown 3.0YR 5.5/2.3
every hue name, as for instance there is no very 46 grayish reddish brown 9.9R 3.4/2.3
dark pink: or very pale olive. The notations of the 47 dark grayish reddish brown 9.5R 2.0/2.0
centroids are given to one decimal place except that 48 vivid orange 4.5 YR 6.6/16 + *
the value or chroma notations of the centroids of 49 brilliant orange 4.5YR 8.0/12.1 *
50 strong orange 4.5YR 6.5/ 12 .1
some of the peripheral blocks are given as whole
numbers followed by a plus or minus sign, such as 51 deep orange 4.5YR 5.0/12.1
4.5 YR 6.8/16 +, indicating uncertainty in the next 52 light orange 4.5YR 8 /8.1 *
decimal place. 53 moderate orange 4.6YR 6.5/8.1
54 brownish orange 4.5YR 5.0/8.2
TABLE 1. Central notations of ISCC-NBS colm'-name blocks. 55 strong brown 5.0YR 3.5 +/8 + *
56 deep brown 5.0YR 2.l /6 +*
C553 57 light brown 5.5YR 5.5/4.6
num- ISCC- NBS color name Central notation 58 moderate brown 5.5YR 3.5/3.9
bel' 59 dark brown 5.5YR 1.6/3.6*
60 light grayish brown 6.5YR 5.5/2.2
1 vivid pink 1.5R 7 / 13 +* 61 grayish brown 5.6YR 3.5/2.0
2 strong pink 1.5R 7.5/9.1 * 62 dark grayish brown 5.5} R 2.0/ 1.7
3 deep pink 1.9R 6.0/ 11.1 63 light brownish gray 6.8YR 5.5/ 1.0
4 light pink 2.5R 8.6/5.2* 64 brownish gray 6.4YR 3.5/0.9
5 moderate pink 2.5R 7.2/5.2 65 brownish black 7.5} R 0.8/0.8*

6 dark pink 2.5R 6.0/6.0 66 vivid orange yellow 9.0YR 7.2 /16 +*
7 pale pink 2.5R 8.8/2.3* 67 brilliant orange yellow 9.0YR 8.4/ 12.1 *
8 grayish pink 2.5R 7 .2/2.3 68 strong orange yellow 9.0 Y R 7.2/ 12.1
9 pinkish white 7.6R 9.2/1.0* 69 deep orange yellow 9.0YR 6.0 / 12.1
10 pinkish gray 7.6R 7.5/1.0 70 light orange yellow 9.0YR 8.6/8 .1 *
428
TABLE 1. Central notations of IS CC- N BS color-name TABLE 1. Central nolations of ISCC- NBC color-name
blocks .- Con tin u ed blocks .- Con tinued

C553 C553
num- ISCC-NBS color name Central notation num- ISCC- NBS color name Celltral nolaLion
bel' bel'

71 moderate orange yellow 9.0Y R 7.2 /8.1 131 strong yellowish green 0.5G 5.5/9.1
72 dark orange ycllow 9.0YR 6.0 /8.1 132 deep yellowish green 0.5G :3.5/ 11.5 + *
73 pale orange ycllow 9.1 YR 8.6/4.4* 133 very deep yellowish green 0.5G 2.0/9.2 + *
74 strong yellowish brown 9.0YR 4.6 /9.6* 134 very light yellowish green 0.5G 9.J /5.1*
75 deep yellowish brown 9.5YR 2.9/ 6 + * 135 light yellowish green 0.5G 7.5/5. l
76 light yellowish brown 9.2YR 6.6 /4.7 136 moderate yellowish green 0.5G 5.5/5.1
77 moderate yellowish brown 9.5YR 4.5/4.0 137 dark yellowish green 0.5G :3.5/5.1
78 dark yellowish brown 9.5YR 2.2 /3.7* 138 very dark yellowish green 0.5G 1.5/4.9*
79 light grayish yellowish 9.5 YR 6.4/2.4 139 vivid green 6.5G 5.2/ 18+*
brown 140 brilliant green 6.0G 7.4/9.l *
80 grayish yellowish brown 9.5YR 4.6 / 2.1
141 strong green [Link] 4.5/9.1
81 dark grayish yellow brown 9.5 Y R 2.4/1.8 l42 deep green 6.0G 2.3/9. l *
82 vivid yellow 4.0Y 7.8 /14.5 + * 143 very light green 6.0G 8.6/5.1*
83 brilliant yellow 4.0 Y 8.8/9.5* 144 light green [Link] 6.5 /5.1
84 strong yellow 4.0Y 7.2/l).5 145 moderate green G.O G 4.5/ 5.l
85 deep y ello\\' 4.0 Y 6.0 /9.5
146 dark green 6.0G 2.7/5.0
86 light yellow 4.0 Y 8.8/6.6* 147 very dark green [Link] 1.3/4.9*
87 moderate yellow 4.0Y7.2/6.6 148 very pale green 9.0G 8.7 / 1.8*
88 dark yellow 4.0 Y 6.0 /6.6 149 pale green 9.0G G.5/ 1.8
89 pale yellow 4.2Y 8.9/3.6* 150 grayish green 9.0 G 4.5/ 1.8
90 grayish yellow 4.2Y 7.2/3.6
151 dark grayish green 9.('G 2.8/ 1.6
91 dark grayish yellow '1.0 Y 6.0 /4.1 152 blackish green 9,( G 1.l/ 1.4*
92 yellowish white ·U Y 9.2/ 1.3* ]53 greenish white 7.C G 9.2/0.8*
93 yellowish gray '1.1 Y 7.5 /1.3 154 light greenish gray [Link] 7.5 /0.8
94 light olive brown 2.5 Y 5.0/8.4* 155 greenish gray 7.0G 5.5/0.8
95 moderate olive brown 2.5 Y 3.5 + /6 + *
156 dark greenish gray 7.00 3.5/0.8
96 dark olive brown 2.5 Y 1.8/ 2.5 + * 157 greenish black 7.5G 0.9/0.7*
97 vi vid greenish yellow 9.5 Y 7.8/ 14.5 + * 158 vivid bluish green 4.5BG 5.3/ 15.5 + *
98 brilliant greenish yellow 9.5 Y 8.8/9.5* 159 brillian t bluish green 4.5BG 7.:3/9.0*
99 strong greenish yello\y 9.5Y7.2/9.5 160 strong bluish green 4.5BG 4.5/9.0
100 deep greenish yellow 9.5 Y 6.0/9.5
161 deep bluish green 4.5BG 2.3(9.0*
101 light greenish yellow 9.5 Y 8.8/6.6* 162 very light bluish green 4.5BG 8.5/ 5.0*
102 moderate greenish yellow 9.5 Y 7.2/6.6 163 light bluish green 4.5BG 6.5/5.0
103 dark greenish yellow 9.5 Y 6.0/6.6 164 moderate bluish green 4.5BG 4.5/ 5.0
104 pale g reenish yellow 9.5 Y 8.9/4.1 * 165 dark bluish green 4.5BG 2.7/5.0
105 grayish greenish yellow 9.5Y7.2/4.1
JG6 very dark bluish green 4.5BG 1.3( 4.9*
106 light olive [Link] 5.1 /8.0* J67 vivid greenish blue 4.5B 5.2( 13 + *
107 moderate olive 8.0 Y 3.5 + /5.8+ * J68 brilliant greenish blue 4.58 6.8/ 9.0*
108 dark olive 8.0 Y 1.7/3.2* ]69 strong greenish blue 4.5B 4.5/9.0
109 light grayish olive 8.3 Y 5.5/2.4 170 deep greenish blue 4.5B 2.5/9.0*
110 grayish olive 8.1 Y 3.5/ 2.3
171 very light greenish blue 4.5B 8.2/5.2*
111 dark grayish olive 8.0 Y 2.0/ 2.0 172 light greenish blue 4.5B 6.5/5.2
112 light olive gray 7.4 Y 5.5/1.3 173 moderate greenish blue 4.5B 4.5/5.2
113 olive gray 8.1 Y 3.5/ 1.0 174 dark greenish blue 4.58 2.7/5.0
114 olive black 9.0 Y 0.9/0.8* 175 very dark greenish blue 4.5B 1.3/4.9*
115 vivid yellow green 5.0GY 7.5/ 14.5+*
176 vivid blue 3.0PB 4.2/ 15 + *
116 brilliant yellow green 5.0GY 8.5/ 9.1 * 177 brilliant blue 3.0PB 6.4/ 11.0*
117 strong yellow green 5.0GY 6.0/9.1 strong blue 3.0PB 4.2/ 11 .0
118 deep yellow green 5.0GY 4.0/9.1 178
179 deep blue 3.0PB 2.0/9.0*
119 light yellow green 5.0GY 8.6/5.2* 180 very Jight blue 2.4PB 8.2/7.2*
120 moderate yellow green 5.0GY 6.0/5.2
121 pale yellow green 3.5GY .7/ 2.2* ]81 light blue 2.7PB 6.5/7.3
122 grayish yellow green 4.4GY 6.1 /2.2 182 moderate blue 2.9PB 4.2/7.2
123 strong oli ve green 5.0GY 3.2/7.8+* 183 dark blue 2.8PB 1.7/5. 0*
124 deep olive green 5.00Y 2.4+/7.1+ * 184 very pale blue 0.9PB 8.4/3.0*
125 moderate olive green 5.0GY 3.5/ 5.2 185 pal e blue 0.9PB 6.5/3.0
126 dark olive green 5.0GY 1.8/3.7 * ]86 grayish blue 0.9PB 4.2/3.0
127 grayish oli ve green 5.0GY 3.5/2.2 187 dark grayish blu e 9.5B 2.6/1.9
128 dark grayish olive green 5.0GY 2. 0/2.0 188 blackish blue 9.5B 1.1/ 1.5*
129 vi vid yellowish green 0.5G 7 / 15.5+* 189 bluish white 9.5B 9. ]/ 1.0*
130 brilliant yellowish green 0.5G 8.0/9.1 * 190 li ght bluish gray 9.5B 7.5/1.0
429
 TABLE 1. Centml notations of [SCC- NBS color-name TABLE 1. Central notati ons of [SC C- NBS color-name
blocks-Continu ed blocks.- Continued

C553 C553
num- ISCC- NBS color n a m e Ce n tr a l notation num- ISCC- NBS color na me Cen tr al notation s
bel' ber

191 bluish gray 9.5B 5.5/ 1.0 231 purplish white 9.0P 9.1/1.0*
192 dark bluish gray 9.5B 3.5/ ].0 232 light purplish gray 9.0P 7.5/ 1.0
193 bluish black 9.5B 1.0/ 0.7* 233 purplish gray 1O.0P 5.5/ l.0
194 vivid purplish blue 8.0PB 2.5/ 22 + * 234 d ark purplish gray 10.0P 3.5/ 1.0
195 brillia nt purplish blu e 8.0PB 6.0/ 10.8* 235 purplish black 10.0P l.0/ 0.7*
196 stron g purplish blue 8.0PB 4.1/ 11.4 236 vivid r eddish purple [Link] 4 +/ 19 + *
197 d eep purplish blu e 8.0PB 1.6/ 9.1 * 237 strong reddish purple [Link] 4.5/ 11.1
198 very light purplish blue 7. PB 7.8 +/6.1 + * 238 deep reddish purple [Link] 2.8/ 10.3 I
199 light purplish blue 7.5PB 6.0/ 6.8 239 v ery deep reddish purple [Link] 1.3(10.3*
200 mod erate purplish blue 8.0PB 3.5/ 6.9 240 light reddish purple [Link] 6.0( 7.2
201 dark purplish blu e 7.9PB 1.1 / 4.7* 241 m oderate reddi sh pu rple 1.0RP 4.5/ 7.2
202 v er y p ale purplish blue 7.0PB 8.2/ 4.1 * 242 dark reddish purple [Link] 2.7/ 5.1
203 p ale purpli sh blu e 7.0PB 6.0/ 4.1 243 ver y dark reddish purple 1.0RP 1.1/ 5.0*
204 grayish purplish blu e 7.2PB 3.3/ 4.0 244 pale reddi sh purpl e [Link] 6.0/ 4.1
205 vivid violet 1.0P 2.7/ 2] + * 245 grayish reddish purple 1.0RP 4.5/ 4.1
206 brillia nt violet LOP 5.9/ 11.1 * 246 brillia nt purplish pink 4.0RP 7.9 +/11 +*
207 stron g violet [Link] 3.5/ 11.1 247 stron g purplish pink 4.0RP 7- / 14.5*
208 d eep violet [Link] l.4/ ] 0.3 * 248 deep purplish pink 4.0RP 6.0/ 12.0
209 v ery light violet [Link] 7.9/ 7* 249 light purplish pink 4.0RP 8.3/ 7.1 *
210 light violet [Link] 6.0/ 7.2 250 mod erate purplish pink 4.0RP 7.0/ 7.1
211 moderat e violet [Link] 3.5/ 7.2 251 dark purplish pink 6.0RP 6.0/ 7.2
212 d ark violet [Link] 1.3/ 5.0 * 252 p ale purplish pink 4.0RP 8.5/ 3.5*
213 v er y p ale viol et 1.0P 8.2/ 4.]* 253 grayish purplish pink 4.0RP 7.0/ 3.5
214 pale violet [Link] 6.0/ 4.1 254 vivid purplish red 7.0]?'P 4+/ 17+ *
215 grayi sh violet 1.0P 3.3/ 4.1 255 strong purplish red 7.0]?'P 4.5/ 11.9
216 vivid purple 6.0P 3.5/ 20 + * 256 deep purplish red 7.0RP 2.8/ 11.0
217 brillia nt purple 6.0P 6.7/ 11.1 * 257 v er y deep purpli sh red 7.0RP 1.3/ 9.0*
218 s trong purple 6.0P 4.5/ 11.1 258 moderate purplish red 7.0RP 4.5/ 9.0
219 deep purple 6.0P 2.8/ 10.2 259 dark purplish Ted 7.0RP 2.7/ 6.3
220 very deep purple 6.0P 1.2/ 10.2* 260 very dark purplish red 7.0RP 1.2/ 4.9*
221 v er y light purple 6.0P 8.0/ 7.2 * 261 light gray ish purplish red 7.0RP 6.0/ 4.0
222 light purple 6.0P 6.5/ 7/ 2 262 gra yish purplish red 7.0RP 4.5/ 5.2
223 moderate purple 6.0P 4.5/ 7.2 263 white 3.0 Y 9.25/ 0.06
224 dark pm pIe 6.0P 2.7/ 5.1 264 light gray 3.0Y 7.5/ 0.06
225 v ery dark purple 6.0P 1.1/ 4.9 * 265 medium gray 3.0Y 5.5/ 0.06
226 v ery pale purple 5.4P 8.4/ 3.3* 266 dark gray N 3.5/
227 pale purple 6.8P 6.4/ 3.0 267 black N 1.25/
228 gray ish purple 7.8P 4.5/ 2.9
229 dark grayish pu r ple 10.0P 2.8/ 2.0
230 bla ckish purple 10.0P l.0/ 1.4* accurately which ISCC- NBS designation to apply to
it. If necessary, such borderline cases would have
5. Applications to be resolved by recourse to the method described
in NBS Circular 553 [3] .
For nonborderline colors it is much easier to These central notations have a number of appli-
determine the ISCC- NBS color name from a color cations. Those published by Nickerson and Newhall
chart containing 267 samples, one for each of the [7] were used in designing the color-name charts used
central notations of the 267 ISCC- NBS color-name in the description of the colors of soils [5] and rocks
blocks, than it is to determine the Munsell renotation [6]. In both of these color charts. the Munsell
of the color and then to find the ISCC- NBS designa- Color Company painted samples r epresenting the
tion from the color-name charts. In using such a central notations of each of the color-name blocks
color chart, the observer simply picks out the used. :M atching to one central color rather than
particular color most closely duplicating that of the to several limit colors is a less exact but quicker
specimen to be designated ; he does not have to method and was developed for field use where speed
check for conformity to hue, lightness, and satura- and ease of operation are more important than
tion limits separately. The production of such a high accuracy.
color chart is now under consideration. It should
be pointed out, however, that if the specimen color The author acknowledges the assistance received
falls about equally near to two or more of the 267 from G. L . Gibson in checking the computation
central colors, it would be impossible to determine of the centroid locations.
430
 6. References [6] National Research Council, Rock-Color Chart, prepared
by the Rock-Color Chart Committee (sponsored by
five geological organizations) , National R esearch
[1] Dull, R. W. , Mathematics for engineers, p. 753 (McGraw- Co uncil , 'Wa shington, D. C. , 194 .
Hill Book Company Inc. , N. Y., N. Y., 1926). [7] N ickerson, Doroth Y and Newhall, Sidn ey M. , Central
[2] Judd, D. B. , and K elly , K L., Method of designating notations for ISC 6-NBS color names, J. Opt. Soc. Am.
colors, J . R esearch N BS 23, 355 (1939) RP1239. 31, 587 (1941).
[3] Kelly, K L. and Judd, D. B., The ISCC- NBS m ethod [8] Nickerson, Dorothy, and Newhall, Sidney M., A psyc ho-
of designating colors and a dictionary of color names, logical color solid, J. Opt. Soc. Am. 33, 419 (1943).
NBS Circ. 553 (1955), obtainable from the Super-
intendent of Documents, U. S. Government Print ing
Office, Washington 25, D. C. ($2.00).
[4] MacAdam, D. L., Maximum visual efficiency of colored
materials, J . Opt. Soc. Am. 25, 361 (1935).
[5] Munsell Color Compan y, Munsell Soil Color Charts,
sp ecilll form for use of soil scientists, geologists, and
archa e ologi s~s (Munsell Color Compan y, 10 East
Franklin Street, Baltimore 2, Md. , 1950). ' VASHING'l' ON, June 3, 1958.

431