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Finite Automata and Language Theory

The document outlines the fundamentals of automata theory, covering finite automata, regular expressions, context-free grammars, and Turing machines. It discusses various concepts such as nondeterministic and deterministic finite automata, closure properties, and the pumping lemma for both regular and context-free languages. Additionally, it addresses undecidability and various types of Turing machines, including recursive languages and related undecidable problems.

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87 views1 page

Finite Automata and Language Theory

The document outlines the fundamentals of automata theory, covering finite automata, regular expressions, context-free grammars, and Turing machines. It discusses various concepts such as nondeterministic and deterministic finite automata, closure properties, and the pumping lemma for both regular and context-free languages. Additionally, it addresses undecidability and various types of Turing machines, including recursive languages and related undecidable problems.

Uploaded by

shiva
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

UNIT - I

Introduction to Finite Automata: Structural Representations, Automata and Complexity, the Central
Concepts of Automata Theory – Alphabets, Strings, Languages, Problems.
Nondeterministic Finite Automata: Formal Definition, an application, Text Search, Finite Automata
with Epsilon-Transitions.
Deterministic Finite Automata: Definition of DFA, How A DFA Process Strings, The language of
DFA, Conversion of NFA with €-transitions to NFA without €-transitions. Conversion of NFA to DFA,
Moore and Melay machines
UNIT - II
Regular Expressions: Finite Automata and Regular Expressions, Applications of Regular
Expressions, Algebraic Laws for Regular Expressions, Conversion of Finite Automata to Regular
Expressions.
Pumping Lemma for Regular Languages, Statement of the pumping lemma, Applications of the
Pumping Lemma.
Closure Properties of Regular Languages: Closure properties of Regular languages, Decision
Properties of Regular Languages, Equivalence and Minimization of Automata.
UNIT - III
Context-Free Grammars: Definition of Context-Free Grammars, Derivations Using a Grammar,
Leftmost and Rightmost Derivations, the Language of a Grammar, Sentential Forms, Parse Tress,
Applications of Context-Free Grammars, Ambiguity in Grammars and Languages.
Push Down Automata: Definition of the Pushdown Automaton, the Languages of a PDA,
Equivalence
of PDA's and CFG's, Acceptance by final state, Acceptance by empty stack, Deterministic Pushdown
Automata. From CFG to PDA, From PDA to CFG.
UNIT - IV
Normal Forms for Context- Free Grammars: Eliminating useless symbols, Eliminating €-
Productions.
Chomsky Normal form Griebech Normal form.
Pumping Lemma for Context-Free Languages: Statement of pumping lemma, Applications
Closure Properties of Context-Free Languages: Closure properties of CFL’s, Decision Properties
of
CFL's
Turing Machines: Introduction to Turing Machine, Formal Description, Instantaneous description,
The
language of a Turing machine
UNIT - V
Types of Turing machine: Turing machines and halting
Undecidability: Undecidability, A Language that is Not Recursively Enumerable, An Undecidable
Problem That is RE, Undecidable Problems about Turing Machines, Recursive languages, Properties
of recursive languages, Post's Correspondence Problem, Modified Post Correspondence problem,
Other Undecidable Problems, Counter machines..

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