Assignment 4
1. Compare Trivial and non-trivial dependency.
2. Discuss the un-normalized form with examples.
3. Given R (X, Y, Z, W) and Set of Functional Dependency FD = { X → Y, Y → Z, Z → X}.
Calculate the candidate key and no. of candidate key in the above relation R using a
given set of FDs.
4. Given R (X, Y, Z, W) and Set of Functional Dependency FD = { XY → ZW, W → X}.
Calculate the candidate key and no. of candidate key in the above relation R using a
given set of FDs.
5. Given R (P, Q, R, S, T, U) and Set of Functional Dependency FD = { PQ → R, R → S, Q →
PT}. Calculate the candidate key and no. of candidate key in above relation R using a
given set of FDs.
6. What are attribute closure and Functional dependency? Differences between Full and partial
dependency.
7. What do you mean by decomposition of relational schema? Suppose we are given schema
R(ABCGHI) and a set of FD F=(A->B, A->C, CG->HI, B->H) to find the closure of the functional
dependency of F.
8.
9. Given relational schema R( P Q R S T U V) having the following attribute P Q R S T U and V, also
there is a set of functional dependencies denoted by FD = { P->Q, QR->ST, PTV->V }.
10. Determine Closure of (QR)+ and (PR)+
11. Explain the equivalency of Functional dependency with an example.
12. Given a relational schema R( X, Y, Z, W, V ) set of functional dependencies P and Q such that:
P = { X → Y, XY → Z, W → XZ, W → V} and Q = { X → YZ, W → XV } using FD sets P and Q what are
the relationship between P and Q
13. Given a relational schema R( A, B, C, D ) set of functional dependencies P and Q such that:
P = { A → B, B → C, C → D } and Q = { A → BC, C → D } using FD sets P and Q what are the
relationship between P and Q
14. Given a relational schema R( X, Y, Z ) set of functional dependencies P and Q such that:
P = { X → Y, Y → Z, Z → X } and Q = { X → YZ, Y → X, Z → X } using FD sets P and Q what are the
relationship between P and Q
15. Is redundancy always a problem? How to solve it. explain with an example.
16. Define 3rd normal form. Convert the following 2NF relation into 3NF (Consider name as PK)
Name Address Phone Salary Post
A KTM 11111 20000 Engineer
B BKT 22222 20000 Engineer
C KTM 11111 20000 Engineer
D BKT 22222 15000 Overseer
E KTM 11111 10000 Officer
17. Differentiate between 1NF,2NF,3NF,4NF and 5NF.
18. Differences between 3NF and BCNF.
19.
20.
21. What is the motivation behind normalizing the database? How does normalization help in
organizing records in the database? Justify with examples.
22.
23. Differences between lossy and lossless dependency.
24.
25. What are the advantages of Normalization where {M_ID, P_ID} are primary keys? State in which
normal form the relation is. What anomalies can occur in this relation? How can these anomalies
be removed?
M_ID M_Date P_ID Quantity
M1 16 June,2022 11 20
M1 26 June,2022 16 30
M2 3 September,2022 15 20
M2 13 September,2022 16 60
M2 23 September,2022 12 35
26.
27. Given a relation R( A, B, C, D) and Functional Dependency set FD = { AB → CD, B → C }, determine
whether the given R is in 2NF? If not convert it into 2 NF.
28. Given a relation R( P, Q, R, S, T) and Functional Dependency set FD = { PQ → R, S → T },
determine whether the given R is in 2NF? If not convert it into 2 NF.
29. Given a relation R (P, Q, R, S, T, U, V, W, X, Y) and Functional Dependency set FD = { PQ → R, PS →
VW, QS → TU, P → X, W → Y }, determine whether the given R is in 2NF? If not convert it into 2
NF.
30. Given a relation R (A, B, C, D, E) and Functional Dependency set FD = { A → B, B → E, C → D},
determine whether the given R is in 2NF. If not convert it into 2 NF.
31. Given a relation R( X, Y, Z) and Functional Dependency set FD = { X → Y and Y → Z },
determine whether the given R is in 3NF? If not convert it into 3 NF.
32. Given a relation R( X, Y, Z, W, P) and Functional Dependency set FD = { X → Y, Y → P, and
Z → W}, determine whether the given R is in 3NF? If not convert it into 3 NF.
33. Given a relation R(P, Q, R, S, T, U, V, W, X, Y) and Functional Dependency set FD = { PQ →
R, P → ST, Q → U, U → VW, and S → XY}, determine whether the given R is in 3NF? If not
convert it into 3 NF.
34. Given a relation R( X, Y, Z) and Functional Dependency set FD = { XY → Z and Z → Y },
determine whether the given R is in BCNF? If not convert it into BCNF.
35. Given a relation R( X, Y, Z) and Functional Dependency set FD = { X → Y and Y → Z },
determine whether the given R is in BCNF? If not convert it into BCNF.
36. Why do practical database designs typically aim for BCNF and not aim for higher normal forms?
37. List the 3 design goals for relational databases, and explain why each is desirable.
38. What is de-normalization how to achieve it. Also mention how it increase performance?
